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      <title>三峽大壩 Three Gorges Dam  by </title>
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      <pubDate>2021-11-12 06:55:43 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>貪腐問題</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-02 19:10:03 UTC</pubDate>
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         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><strong>三峽居民爭議</strong></div><ol><li>居民被迫離開家園</li><li>農民因失去土地無法依靠本業維持生計</li><li>因魚量大減，政府於2020年頒布長江禁漁十年命令（政府將問題歸咎於過度捕魚，漁民卻相信魚量大減主因為大壩的建成，因大壩建成前他們每天能得漁獲40-45公斤，落成後銳減至5-10公斤）</li></ol><div><br><strong>政治爭議</strong></div><ol><li>三峽大壩建造過程中出現大量貪污受賄情況</li><li>中國本地人在公眾談及三峽大壩時只敢談論它的好處，因公開談及其壞處是被禁止的</li></ol><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-02 19:10:39 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>電影</title>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-16 17:07:05 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>紀錄片</title>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-16 17:07:11 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>視覺影像</title>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-16 17:07:18 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-17 02:46:50 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>馮艷《秉愛》（2007）</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1895836011</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>敘述了三峽農村婦女張秉愛的生活，以釘子戶的身份與幹部之間的交鋒，以及當中其所流露的對三峽土地的感情</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-17 03:10:02 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>賈樟柯《三峽好人》（2006）</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-17 03:11:44 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>劉小東 《三峽新移民》（2004）</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-17 03:17:33 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>楊怡 沒·故里（2008）</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1895908176</link>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-17 03:46:24 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>防洪效益</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1895958164</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>大壩建成後，221.5億立方米防洪庫容能調節降低洪峰流量27,000到每秒33,000立方米。在不調用荊江分洪等分蓄洪工程，經水庫調蓄和荊江大堤，可使荊江河段防洪標準由現在的約十年一遇 提高到百年一遇。如果配合荊江分洪等分蓄洪工程的運用，可抵遇千年一 遇或類似於1870年曾發生過的特大洪水。上游流域小規模的水庫的修建 能增強三峽大壩的防洪能力。防止荊江河段兩岸發生幹堤潰決的毀滅性災 害，保障下游江漢平原和洞庭湖湖區1500萬人口和150萬公頃農田，以 及中下游8000萬人口和600萬公頃的農田。<br><br>Reference: 鄒桂昌(n.d.) 三峽大壩工程</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-17 04:17:30 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>水力發電</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1895959311</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>水力發電，提供清潔能源，是大壩的第二大功能。三峽水利樞紐是西 部開發水電體系中的關鍵性骨幹工程。大壩向周圍地區提供的水電節省了 來自華北地區的鐵路運煤，減輕了鐵路系統的擁擠。同時減少了每年相當 於6000萬噸燃煤排放的灰塵、一氧化碳和二氧化硫等溫室氣體的排放。 清潔能源的使用，不僅減少溫室氣體和有害氣體濃度，減輕酸雨沉降，長 遠來看，有利於生態系統多樣性和人類健康。<br>三峽大壩裝機容量1820萬千瓦，相當於長江流域梯級水電開發的 20%。年輸出847億千瓦小時，據估計，三峽水電能滿足華中和華東缺 電，解決供電對經濟發展的瓶頸限制。大壩發電後，大概52%的電輸入華 中，特別是重慶市，32%的電供應華東，以及16%供應南方。<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>Reference: 鄒桂昌(n.d.) 三峽大壩工程</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-17 04:18:15 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>航運效益</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1895960900</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>三峽蓄水後的回水達到重慶，從而改善從宜昌到重慶660公里水道的 航運能力。河道將會變寬，加深，水流速度減慢，險灘淹沒消失，從而減 少航行危險。經水庫調節，宜昌下游枯水季節最小流量可從現在的每秒 3,000立方米 提高到每秒5,000立方米， 航道單向年通過能力可由現在的 約1000萬噸提高到5000萬噸。一年六個月中，萬噸級船可以從上海上溯 至重慶，5000噸級船隻則全年通航，以前只有3000噸級船隻才可以全年 通航。估計航運成本可節省35-37%。從2003年6月到2005年底，19萬 隻船通過船閘，總運量貨物8900萬噸，旅客520萬次。<br>&nbsp;改善航運的同時，也會有益於地區旅遊業的發展。有些風景名勝會長眠於水底，但是這並不影響三峽總體風光。而且水位升高後，一些原來無法到達的景點現在則可以達到了，而且還會有一些新景點浮出水面，更加吸引遊客探古訪優。<br><br>Reference: 鄒桂昌(n.d.) 三峽大壩工程<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-17 04:19:13 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>世界最大</title>
         <author>1155151963</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1913711517</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>今年三峽工程<mark>發電量</mark>已於2020年11月15日8時20分達到<mark>1031億千瓦</mark>時，打破2016年南美洲伊泰普水電站創下的1030.98億千瓦時的單座水電站年發電量<strong><mark>世界紀錄</mark></strong>。<br><br></div><div><mark>全球最大的水利水電樞紐</mark>，共裝有32台70萬千瓦和2台5萬千瓦的水輪發電機組，總裝機容量達2250萬千瓦，年設計發電量882億千瓦時，為中國「西電東送」和「南北互供」的骨干電源點。<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-26 04:53:10 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>長江洪水問題</title>
         <author>1155151963</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1917187566</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>成因： <br><mark>長江流域-&gt;季風氣候 -&gt; 降水 -&gt; 暴雨</mark><br>長江幹支流洪，枯水的季節變化，與降雨的時空變化，分佈規律基本一致。<br>因此，長江是一條<mark>典型的雨洪河流</mark>。<br><br>長江河道的洩洪能力遠不能與峯高量大的洪水相適應。<br><br>歷史上：<br>長江幹流宜昌站自1877年實測<mark>洪峯流量大於 60，000立方米/秒 的有23次</mark>，自1153年以來洪峯流量<mark>大於 80，000立方米/秒 的有8次</mark>。 <br><br>長江<mark>中下遊</mark>發生<mark>洪災 214次</mark>，平均約十年一次。<br><br>調查和觀測表明，長江主要支流的洪水規模也十分龐大，<mark>支流洪水若與幹流洪水遭遇，將釀成巨大洪災</mark>，若單獨發生也會形成區域性洪患。<br><br>以防提為主要防洪手段，尚無法抗禦歷史上曾多次發生的特大洪水。<br><br><br></div><div>Cause:<br><mark>Yangtze River Basin -&gt; Monsoon Climate -&gt; Precipitation -&gt; Heavy Rain</mark><br>The seasonal changes of floods and low waters in the main and tributaries of the Yangtze River are basically consistent with the temporal and spatial changes of rainfall.<br>Therefore, the Yangtze River is a <mark>typical rain-flooded river.</mark><br><br>The flood discharge capacity of the Yangtze River is far from being compatible with floods with large peak heights.<br><br>In history:<br>Since 1877, the Yichang Station on the main stream of the Yangtze River <mark>has measured the peak flow of more than 60,000 cubic meters per second 23 times</mark>, and since 1153, 8 times the<mark> measured peak flow of more than 80,000 cubic meters per second .</mark><br><br>There were<mark> 214 floods </mark>in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, about <mark>once every ten years</mark> on average.<br><br>Investigations and observations show that the scale of floods in the main tributaries of the Yangtze River is also very large. If the <mark>tributary floods encounter the main stream floods, they will cause huge floods</mark>, and if they occur alone, they will also cause regional floods.<br><br>The main flood prevention method is prevention and alertness, and it has not yet been able to withstand the catastrophic floods that have occurred many times in history.<br><br>Reference: <br>陸, 超明. <em>長江水患與三峽工程</em>. 中華書局（香港）有限公司, 1993.<br><br><br><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-29 06:07:44 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>三峽工程對長江的好處</title>
         <author>1155151963</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1917900864</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>多年來的研究認為，只有興建三峽水利樞紐才能有效地控制宜昌以上的洪水，是為消除長江中下遊洪水之患的關鍵所在。<br><br>首先，長江上遊的洪水佔荊江河段洪水量的 95%以上，佔武漢洪水來量的三分之二左右，利用三峽水庫的防洪庫容<mark>對上遊洪水進行控制和調節</mark>，<mark>就能免除荊江兩岸的毀滅性災害和緩解整個長江下遊的洪水威脅</mark>。<br><br>其次，三峽工程<mark>對全流域型洪水（如1931年，1954年）和中下型洪水（如1935年，1980年）也有較好的作用</mark>。上述大水年時，主汎期7，8月城陵磯洪水量的 61-80%，武漢洪水量的 55-76%均來自宜昌以上，對上遊洪水加以控制，顯然<mark>對長江中下游防洪有不少的幫助</mark>。<br><br>Years of research believes that only the construction of the Three Gorges Project can effectively control floods above Yichang, which is the key to eliminating floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.<br><br>First of all, <mark>the floods in the upper reaches</mark> of the Yangtze River <mark>accounted for more than 95% of the floods</mark> in the Jingjiang section, and accounted for about two-thirds of the floods in Wuhan. Using the flood control capacity of the Three Gorges Reservoir to control and regulate the upstream floods can avoid both sides of the Jingjiang River. Devastating disasters and alleviate the threat of flooding throughout the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.<br><br>Secondly, the Three Gorges Project also <mark>had a good effect on basin-wide floods (such as 1931 and 1954) and medium and lower floods (such as 1935 and 1980)</mark>. During the above-mentioned flood years, 61-80% of Chenglingji flood volume during the main flooding period in July and August, and 55-76% of Wuhan flood volume came from Yichang and above. <mark>The upper reaches of floods are controlled, which obviously controls the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. That is a lot of help</mark>.</div><div><br>Reference: <br>陸, 超明. <em>長江水患與三峽工程</em>. 中華書局（香港）有限公司, 1993.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-29 13:42:24 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-30 19:41:45 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-30 19:50:23 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>發電量 Power Generation</title>
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         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921485836</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/7989202/</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-30 22:01:17 UTC</pubDate>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-30 22:29:30 UTC</pubDate>
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         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921523422</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>中國長江上游段的大型水利工程項目。分布在重慶市到湖北省宜昌市的長江幹流上，大壩位於長江三峽西陵峽內的宜昌市夷陵區三斗坪，並和其下游38公里的葛洲壩水電站形成梯級調度電站，是世界上規模最大的水電站。<br><br>The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River by the town of Sandouping, in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China, downstream of the Three Gorges. The Three Gorges Dam has been the world's largest power station in terms of installed capacity since 2012.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-11-30 22:37:32 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>重慶前國土局局長黃發祥因為貪污巨額三峽移民資金被判處死刑</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921905331</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br></div><div><strong>2000-02-26</strong><br>北京中央電視台消息﹐重慶丰都縣前國土局局長黃發祥本月二十六號被重慶第三中級人民法院判處死刑﹐罪名是貪污巨額移民款。 法院認定黃發祥在擔任丰都縣國土局局長時﹐曾在一九九四到一九九七年三年內虛造移民名單﹐騙取移民資金一千五百万元﹐并且還將這筆錢出借賺取高額利息。法院判決書宣布﹐黃發祥共貪污移民資金一千五百六十万﹐判處黃發祥死刑﹐剝奪政治權利終身﹐并且封存由貪污款項所建的房屋。<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-12-01 03:08:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921905331</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>三峽工程動工20年 仍有拆遷戶未獲賠償</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921909701</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>耗資近百億元人民幣的三峽工程，動工至今超過20年，不過，有受拆遷影響的重慶市移民投訴，補償疑被開縣移民局挪用，約500人在反映不果下，周二（5日）到合川區政府抗議。逾百警察武力驅趕，並帶走逾10人，至周三（6日）仍有部分人未獲釋。（文宇晴 報道）<br><br>重慶市和湖北省境內的長江幹流上的“三峽工程”，全長193公里，1994年底正式動工。由於工程浩大，周邊約120萬人必需遷移。不過至今仍有三峽移民未得到賠償。<br><br>其中被遷移到重慶市合川區生活約500名移民，周二來到區政府示威，抗議開縣移民局挪用補償款。<br><br>移民吳先生向記者反映，他們因為得不到合理賠償，較早前到過開縣移民局要求返遷，可是3次去反映都未得到任何解決，於是便直接到合川區政府請願。<br><br>吳先生說：我們都還沒有解決，我們去（開縣移民局）上訪。警察叫我們回去，然後有辦事處的工作人員截我們。回去後又不解決。三峽建設委員會都知道我們的事。<br><br>有三峽移民在微博上對記者說，逾百警察早已在外面戒備，繼而武力驅趕。當時與移民發生衝突，不少人受了傷，同時亦有超過10人被抓捕。至周三仍有數人未獲釋。<br><br>移民湯小姐對本台表示，在合川區居住的移民有數萬人，不過為了生活都要去工作，去區政府抗議多為長者移民。<br><br>湯小姐說：具體情況我也不知道，反正我知道很多移民去了。反正（移民局）不跟政策走，處於一個沒得到解決，就在拖著。我沒有通過什麼方法，因為現在都要打工吃飯，土地都沒有了。<br><br>李先生則指，三峽移民為配合國家建設同意遷移到異地，可是當局克扣挪用他們的補償款，可是即使去北京上訪也得不到處理。<br><br>李先生說：我們去反映，他們也不處理。我們之前也去過北京幾次，也不敢處理，記者也不敢曝光。<br><br>曾因為參與抗議而被拘留的移民謝先生，在接到記者電話查詢時存有戒心，不願意透露更多移民維權的情況。<br><br>謝先生說：因為這是一個涉及到拆遷補償的問題，為了一點自己的利益。昨天我沒有參與，因為…怎麼說了，我不怎麼方便。<br><br>有三峽移民在網上撰文，表示當時中央有政策承諾，對三峽移民有20年的後期扶持，包括房屋補修、金錢上補助等。可是，從2000年開始了後期扶持至今，移民得到的錢不到3萬元。這16年以來只能依靠自己撐過來。然而後來了解到，中央下撥的扶持款並沒有如數到達移民手上，懷疑被縣移民局挪用了，於是要求移民局解釋。</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-12-01 03:11:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921909701</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>政治爭議</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921913062</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-12-01 03:13:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921913062</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>三峽居民爭議</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921934478</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-12-01 03:27:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921934478</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>三峽移民對抗行動</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921949577</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li>文中展示了三峽移民的對抗行動（共27件）</li><li>較少具規模的行動，大多比較零散，性質以非暴力為主（例如接受媒體訪問、留守家園拒絕離開等），而目的則以控訴賠償不足為主</li><li>當中規模較大的為1999年，北京有10000人就賠償不足及貪腐問題向中央政府請願，但媒體並沒有報道政府有何回應</li><li>文中提及的行動訴求均沒有得到政府的正面回應/不被媒體所報道，甚至大部分參與者事後被打/威脅，甚至須付出法律後果</li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-12-01 03:38:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1921949577</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1940320710</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-12-10 13:30:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1940320710</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>問題癥結？</title>
         <author>1155156428</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ThreeGorgesDam/qthe11o57rp53r5p/wish/1940365922</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>貪腐官員已除，為甚麼還有大量三峽移民在多年以後仍未能到補償？<br><br>原因正是出於政治制度與媒體。中國貪腐問題源於政治上的不透明。從以上例子可見，村民可合法接觸的官員只有作不了決定的幹部。而那些為爭取自身權益的三峽移民企圖越級向直接向中央政府請願，或向其他媒體求助後，要不是被武力鎮壓，要不所得結果不為媒體所報道，他們的慘況難以傳播，動員更多人為他們聲援，也令三峽移民自身出身對未知的恐懼而不敢作聲。</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-12-10 13:53:10 UTC</pubDate>
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