Topic: Oral Language

Authors: Misleybis cabrera 8-1001-1600

Yulissa Castrellon 4-795-651

Luz González 8-925-1092

Roderick Sire 4-796-852

Ruth Wardrope 3-783-1133

Professor: Elizabeth Delgado M.

Panamá, april, 2024

It´s a fundamental aspect for us (Humans), this allows us to express our thoughts and have a good interaction with others.

Morphology: Is the study of the internal structure of words. The term morphology is Greek and is a makeup of morph- meaning 'shape, form', and -ology which means 'the study of.

Vocabulary: Is the words and phrases that a person knows and uses in their language.

Fluency: Fluency refers to the ability to produce language smoothly and accurately, without hesitation or undue effort.

Syntax: Is the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence.

Semantics: Semantics is the study of meaning in language.

Pragmatics: Pragmatics studies the use of language in context, and the context-dependence of various aspects of linguistic interpretation.

Listening Comprehension: Is the ability to understand spoken language

Textual corpora are sets of fragments of natural texts, stored in electronic format, that represent a linguistic variety in its entirety or in some of its components. These corpora are created with the porpouse of facilitating their scientific study.

Characteristics:

• A corpus must contain natural texts and be in electronic format to allow information retrieval.

• It must be representative of the linguistic variety we study.

• The design of the corpus is crucial, texts are selected according to their origin, period, type, etc.

Applications of textual corpus:

• Linguistic Research: study linguistic phenomena in different contexts and types of texts.

• Education: adapt corpus so that students explore how language works in real situations.

• Lexicography: help in the creation of dictionaries and lexical resources.

• Normative Studies: analyze linguistic patterns and variation.

• Development of natural language processing tools.

• Automatic translation.

• Analysis of historical changes in the language.

In conclusion:

Textual corpora are essential tools for understanding how a language works and how it is presented in different contexts.

It encompasses the recognition of gender as more than just biological differences between males and females, but also as a complex interplay of societal norms, expectations, and expressions.

Gender Notion:

• Social Construction: Gender is seen as a socially constructed concept, shaped by cultural beliefs, traditions, and institutions rather than solely determined by biological factors.

• Fluidity: Gender is understood as fluid and dynamic, meaning that it can vary across cultures and contexts and can be experienced differently by individuals over time.

• Roles and Expectations: Gender notion involves an awareness of the roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with different genders within a particular society or culture.

• Power Dynamics: Gender notion acknowledges power dynamics and inequalities between genders, including issues such as gender discrimination, sexism, and patriarchy.

- Gender in the Context of Grammar and Language Studies:

Gender in grammar refers to the way words change form based on whether they are masculine, feminine, or neuter. This concept is common in many languages, but not all. Let’s delve into this fascinating linguistic feature:

• Definition of Gender in Grammar:

  • Gender is a grammatical feature that exists alongside other features like person, number, and case. It separates nouns into classes based on certain properties.

  • In languages with grammatical gender (which includes almost half of the world’s languages), nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are divided into different genders: masculine, feminine, and sometimes neuter.

  • The defining property of gender is agreement: how associated words behave about the noun.

• Variation Across Languages:

  • Gender systems vary widely:

    • Different numbers of classes.

    • Various underlying assignment rules.

    • Different ways and places where gender is marked.

• Interactions and Challenges:

  • Gender interacts with other grammatical features:

    • Limited to singular or third person.

    • Crosscut by case distinctions.

  • Children master gender early, using various cues.

  • Second-language learners find gender challenging, especially adults and those from non-gendered native languages.

  • Nevertheless, native-like competence is attainable even for second-language learners.

• Gender Notion in the Context of Grammar and Language Studies:

  In this context, "gender notion" could involve understanding and applying the rules and conventions related to gender agreement in language. It might encompass concepts such as:

  
  

  1. Recognizing the gender of nouns and pronouns.

  2. Understanding the patterns of gender agreement within sentences.

  3. Applying appropriate gender agreement when constructing sentences.

  4. Analyzing how gender operates within a particular language system.

• Conclusion

  • In conclusion, the notion of gender in oral and grammatical language is complex and varies across languages and cultures. While grammatical gender may be more prevalent in some languages, oral language reflects societal attitudes towards gender roles and stereotypes. There is increasing recognition of the importance of gender-inclusive language in promoting equality and challenging gender norms.

This would be very helpful for children, as they grow, to learn with these new methods, and steps that could change them in the world of oral language and also in written language. Given the three themes of oral language, they are components that make the difference between each of them.

Diccionario Cambridge Inglés y Tesauro gratuitos. (n.d.). Cambridge.org. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/

ESTILOGRAFICA. (n.d.). El uso de los corpus textuales como herramienta para la educación competencial desde el área de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura. INNTED 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://innted.org/ponencia/el-uso-de-los-corpus-textuales-como-herramienta-para-la-educacion-competencial-desde-el-area-de-didactica-de-la-lengua-y-la-literatura/

Korta, K., & Perry, J. (2020). Pragmatics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2020). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.

Prizes, N. (2022, November 15). Phonology. The University of Sheffield. https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/linguistics/home/all-about-linguistics/about-website/branches-linguistics/phonology

(N.d.-a). Edu.Pa. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from http://www.educapanama.edu.pa/?q=articulos-educativos/el-lenguaje-como-medio-de-comunicacion#:~:text=El%20lenguaje%20es%20el%20medio,al%20receptor%2C%20y%20as%C3%AD%20sucesivamente

(N.d.-b). Gov.Ar. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://www.santafe.gov.ar/index.php/educacion/content/download/174430/858460/file/Desarrollo%20del%20Lenguaje%20Oral.pdf

(N.d.-c). Uab.Cat. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/elies/elies_a2022v45/elies_a2022v45p11.pdf

Learn the following: Gender are categories in which we mentally organize the reality of things and beings, according to certain types of common properties. This is how we also think of ourselves, and especially our social roles, traditionally based on the masculine/feminine.

A mode is a means of communicating. A medium is the channel or system through which communications are conveyed. The plural form of medium is media. So, for example, if we want to communicate in the linguistic mode, we might choose the medium of print.

The use of the developed textual corpus and its application offers a series of techniques that allow us to observe the language in its use.

This subject are very important for people who are learning the english language, cause thier teach us, what are the type of gender notion, the corpora and ther topics we read in the previous notes.

The oral language is crucial for communication and social interaction. It allows us to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas, as well as to understand and interpret the messages of others. Strong oral language skills are fundamental for success in various aspects of life, including personal relationships, education, and professional endeavors. Additionally, oral language development lays the foundation for literacy skills, such as reading and writing, making it a vital component of overall language proficiency.