_{When discussing the links between inherited traits and Parkinson's it is important to understand that some people that suffer from this disease have a rare change in their genes which cause the body to develop this disease. Parkinson's can be passed down through families and be developed through inheriting from parents but this doesn't commonly occur.}

_{Lifestyle choices}

_{While there is not much research which shows the choices made which lead to the progression of this disease, some evidence shows that head injuries and high exposure the pesticides may cause Parkinson's.}

_Diet

_{While there is no evidence which shows that having a healthy or bad diet causes Parkinson's, there is certain research that has been done that may see a link. According to a review article wrote in 2018 by the Frontiers, some research showed that weight loss and malnutrition associated with Parkinson's can cause the disease to progress faster than usually shown.}

_Environment

_{The Parkinson's foundation stated in numerous articles that environmental factors are believed to be a major cause of Parkinson's disease. These factors include head trauma, occupation as well as exposure to metals but all of the research studies have been inconsistent or the mechanics behind it are not understood. So while environmental factors may be a leading cause of Parkinson's disease, the facts are unclear.}

_{Someone suffering with Parkinson's disease will often experience tremors of the hands, arms, legs and face. They often first show on one side of the body but as the disease progresses can begin to affect both sides. This is caused due to a lack of the crucial chemical known as dopamine.}

_{Slowness of movement}

_{When suffering with Parkinson's, physical movements can often become slower. This can mean that everyday tasks are challenging and can lead to a slow, shuffling walk which is distinctive amongst those with Parkinson's disease.}

_{Balance problems}

_{Balance problems are a common problem for those which suffer with Parkinson's disease. This is for numerous reasons such as postural instability. This occurs due to the shakiness and slow movement often linked to PD which alters how a person walks. Another reason is due to the loss of reflexes. Parkinson's disease can sometimes cause a loss of reflexes needed to maintain an uptight posture. This can cause a fall risk as well as balancing issues. This makes this a very clear sign of PD.}

_{Certain psychiatric symptoms experienced by those with PD are depression and anxiety. Some evidence suggests that the lack of the chemical dopamine, which causes the symptoms of Parkinson's can also cause symptoms of depression and anxiety. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease can be detrimental to all aspects of their life and can severely impact a persons mental health which is where the link to depression occurs.}

_{Swallowing difficulties}

_{Parkinson's disease can affect an individuals capability to swallow and speech. This is due to the muscles in the jaw developing tremors and becoming a lot less efficient which causes them to have less control over their capability to chew and swallow. In the long run, this can lead to malnutrition and a higher risk of pneumonia.}

_{Stiffness of movement}

_{Parkinson's disease can cause stiff muscles, cramps and certain inflexibility's. It is known as one of the main movement symptoms. This is where the muscles become more ridged and the body does not allow them to relax. Stiffness can be shown among both sides of the body and causes a reduced amount of motion.}

_{When discussing coronary heart disease, there are many changes to the bodies functions and the impact it has on the body system. Due to the narrowed arteries. they block substantial blood flow to your heart and the rest of the body. This puts an increased strain on the heart and begins to effect the way that the heart pumps blood and causes he rest of the body lack the correct amount of oxygen. Coronary heart disease also has a negative as well as irreversible effect on the heart muscles. This causes the body to feel the strain and begin to trigger a series of effects which ranges from formation of scar tissues, an overload of blood flow as well as viable cardiac cells being over stretched.}

_{There is little to no similarities between the two diseases but essentially the disorders both effect the cells and due to this begin to see damage throughout the body and symptoms which show through the functioning of the body.}

_Physical:

_{One common physical impact of Parkinson's is the motor symptoms which effect an individuals movement and balance. This includes tremors of the hand, jaw and arms, stiffness in movement as well as slowness of movement.}

_{Another common physical impact is fatigue. People who suffer with Parkinson's can often find themselves tired out. While not much research suggests why this happens, there is links between the fatigue and the sudden chemical imbalance in the brain.}

_{While uncommon, some people who suffer with Parkinson's can suffer from a loss of smell. According to Parkinson's UK, recent studies have shown there is a possibility some that suffer with Parkinson's disease are losing their sense of smell due to the part of the brain that processes smell is smaller.}

_{This can have a significant impact on the patients mental health and research shows (Parkinson foundation) that 50 percent of all patients suffering from Parkinson's disease will experience some sort of depression or anxiety throughout their Parkinson's journey. Being stripped of usual routines and the expected luxuries of all individuals can be difficult and can cause issues with self worth. This is due to them feeling as though they are no longer the person they were and can feel very isolated.}

_{Intellectual:}

_{Parkinson's disease can cause cognitive changes.}

_{One common intellectual effect is that it can have an effect on a person's attention span. This is due to the levels of dopamine dropping, however the connection between dopamine and intellectual changes is mild it can have a significant effect on the attention span and problem solving abilities. Although research is limited, the Parkinson's foundation suggests the link is there and it can be damaging to those with Parkinson's attention span.}

_{Another common effect is the speed of mental processing declining. This is due to the fact that as the Parkinson's disease develops, more areas of the brain are affected. Due to a lack of multiple chemicals (dopamine and acetylcholine) which effectively causes cognitive changes. This means over time the speed of mental processing can decline.}

_{An uncommon intellectual effect is memory symptoms. While it is common amongst people that suffer from Parkinson's and the link is there not everyone suffers from these symptoms. This is due to the fact the impact that the dopamine levels have on cognitive impairment is mild and does not effect the body in the way other symptoms do.}

_{This can impact the patient for numerous reasons. It can make them feel as though they are intellectually changing and they can begin to feel stressed as well as depressed. This can be linked to the disorder itself or the way they feel due to the changes that are happening they can not control.}

_{One emotional effect of Parkinson's disease is excessive tiredness. It is a common effect of Parkinson's disease and can be extremely detrimental to ones mental health. While it is common, the Parkinson's foundation states that the reason for this is completely unknown. It is possible that it is linked to symptoms like tremor and stiffness due to it making muscles tired, but because fatigue occurs even in those with mild motor symptoms, this is probably not the only explanation.}

_{Another emotional effect of this disorder is feeling hopeless or 'down' most days. This is due to the lack of dopamine supposedly being a trigger to issues such as depression, anxiety and worry. It can also be seen as a link to the changes the patient is feeling and drastic changes that are being made. This can be overwhelming and knowing this is an uncurable disease, can make patients feel hopeless and isolated from other.}

_{Although most emotional effects of Parkinson's are common, an effect that is not discussed as much as other is chronic sorrow. Chronic sorrow is a term used to describe the feelings of sadness and loss when handling a chronic illness, in this case Parkinson's disease. In most cases it is found in uncurable diseases or disorders that greatly distribute an individuals quality of life. This can often be found in cases of Parkinson's disease due to the fact that their routines are changing and they are becoming more co dependent on their family and friends. This can be very demeaning and cause self isolation.}

_{Overall, these effects can have a large impact on an individual. It can cause a decline in mental health and effectively cause symptoms of depression as well as anxiety. Rather than this being caused due to the brains lack of chemicals, it is caused from the emotional effects that come along side the Parkinson's diagnosis. Almost 50 percent of diagnosed will experience depression and isolation in patches throughout the time of their diagnosis and further.}

_Social:

_{One social effect of Parkinson's disease is stigma. To elaborate the meaning of this, due to the emotional and cognitive changes that occur during the stages of Parkinson's disease this can cause disruptions within social functioning. Stigma is (as stated on pub med central) is a negative perception that discredits or devalues in a negative way within a social situation. When discussing this amongst Parkinson's disease we must see the public stigma as well as the self stigma. Due to the symptoms of Parkinson's it is easy for stereo types to form. For example slowness of movement can be misconstrued as intellectual disability. This can lead to stigma and make people degrade people suffering with Parkinson's due to misunderstandings and not much knowledge of the situation.}

_{Another common social effect of Parkinson's is loneliness. While their is no scientifically evidence linking loneliness and Parkinson's disease, due to the changes that the individual experiences emotionally, socially and intellectually it can be difficult for someone suffering with this disorder to interact with other, keep friendships and can begin to feel isolated from those they care about and all individuals. This is for multiple reasons. One reason being changes in relationships. Parkinson's can affect not only those dealing with the condition but also there loved ones. This can change dynamics and cause all to feel pressured which can ultimately make the individual feel disconnected and isolate themselves. Due to this isolation, it can become difficult to fight loneliness due to the fact that these things can begin to highlight the difference between the individuals life and their loved ones, which can make a person feel isolated and begin to diverge from those who don't understand to the full extent of what the individual is feeling.}

_{An uncommon effect is communication challenges. While this is still an effect that takes place it is less common than those listed above. Due to Parkinson's communication can be difficult to communicate, this can include speech, facial expressions and writing. This can make it difficult for those to talk about their condition as well as welcome open conversations. This begins to make it challenging for people with Parkinson's to maintain relationships as well as keep people close.}

_{These social effects can be detrimental to the individuals mental health. This is due to the fact that the patient can begin to feel as though they are not equal or as capable as their peers. Feeling alone makes it harder to connect with others causing a person to avoid social interactions. Overall, these social effects can lead to depression, sleep problems as well as low self esteem.}

_{I believe that physical health is affected largely due to the fact that not only does this effect the bodily functions and physical pain, it can also affect a person mentally unlike the other health's. Due to the death of neurons (cells critical to release dopamine) you begin to see smooth controlled body movements turn into symptoms such as tremors and stiffness. We also begin to see a decrease in mental health as the body not releasing enough dopamine it is also associated with depression, a serious mental health condition which negatively impacts the way you feel. Impacts to physical health proves to not only be detrimental to the body but also the mind meaning not only does the lack of physical health mean a person is physically harmed but also causes issues within the other health's discussed.}

_{I also believe that social health is affected significantly more than other health's. This is due to the fact that it can cause an individual to feel incredibly isolated, degraded and alone. This can cause depression, anxiety and multiple other mental health issues. This can cause suicidal thoughts, overwhelming stress as well as increased isolation. While dealing with the physical effects of Parkinson's, outside support can help to improve quality of life but due to lack of understanding, increased isolation and stereotyping, it can be hard to stay socially aware as well as maintaining close relationships with loved ones.}

_{I personally do not feel as though there is any positive effects on the health of the service user and can't find where positives would be found throughout.}

_{Coronary heart disease (CAD) can have a genetic component. Statistically, CAD is 50-60% inheritable. People who have history of this heart disease in the family is more likely to develop this disease than someone who has no history within the family. The British heart foundation, claims it is essential to recognise that the mutation of genes which occurs does not come from one gene but multiple. They also go on to discuss how research has shown that other health conditions such as channelopathies can cause a risk of CAD by altering heart rhythms as well as the general heart function.}

_{Lifestyle Choices}

_{There are multiple life style choices which impact the cause and risk of coronary heart disease. One of these includes smoking. Smoking is a major risk factor due to the fact that nicotine and carbon monoxide cause the heart to pump faster which causes the risk of blood clots within the arteries which can obstruct the blood flow to the heart muscle. Another lifestyle choice which causes heart disease is high blood pressure. This is due to the fact that the blood pressure puts force on the artery walls causing significant damage over time. This eventually causes the narrowed arteries to block blood flow meaning that the oxygen supply is insufficient.}

_Diet

_{The diet choices a person makes can ultimately cause coronary heart disease. This is due to numerous reasons such as obesity. Obesity can sometimes occur due to an unbalanced diet and a lack of nutrients. When someone is suffering with obesity they are accumulating fat which can cause coronary heart disease. This is due to the fact that carrying additional fat can put an excessive amount of stress on the heart and can also affects the rhythm of the heart. A large study shows that that people with obesity not only have a higher risk of death from CHD but also from multiple different heart conditions. Cholesterol levels can also affect the risk of CHD. This is when you are consuming a large amount of saturated fats which raises blood cholesterol levels. When there is excess saturated fat in your blood it can cause a plaque build up on your artery walls. The arteries then become more narrowed causing risk of blood clots eventually blocking the blood flow causing CHD.}

_Environment

_{There are a few environmental factors which can cause coronary heart disease. Air pollution can increase the risk of CHD. This is due to the fact that air pollutants can damage blood vessels making them much more narrower and less flexible limiting oxygen to the heart leading to coronary heart disease. There is also a risk that comes from noise pollution. Researchers have discovered that noise pollution can cause inflammation in our arteries which links to inflammation causing cardiovascular problems including coronary heart disease.}

_{Chest pains}

_{Chest pains caused by cardio vascular disease which can also be described as angina which is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. This is when tightness, pressure or discomfort in the chest often felt on the left side of the chest or behind the chest bone. While it can be stable (predictable pattern which can be helped with exercise) it can also be unstable (worsens over time and in a severe situation can be an indicator of an upcoming heart attack).}

_{Indigestion-like chest discomfort}

_{This is a feeling which occurs when suffering from Cognitive heart disease. It takes form in a chest discomfort which can be described as a feeling of indigestion. Although it can feel as though you are suffering from indigestion, this is a feeling caused by CHD which occurs during physical activity. This is due to the fact your heart can't pump the oxygen round your body fast enough due to the hardened arteries.}

_{Shortness of breath}

_{Due to reduced blood flow to the heart, it can become difficult for people with coronary heart disease to breather correctly. If you have insufficient blood flow in your blood vessels it can present itself as not being able to catch your breath or breathe at all.}

_{Heart palpitations are changes within the heart beat that are noticeable compared to your regular heart beat. This occurs due to the fact that the heart is having to work faster due to the amount of oxygen entering the body can't be pumped around the body due to the fact that the arteries have narrowed.}

_{Heart failure}

_{Heart failure is a serious symptom when discussing cardio vascular disease. Heart failure occurs when the heart cant pump blood around the body correctly. It can be caused by various problems, including cardio vascular heart disease. It is when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become clogged up by fatty substances which may cause angina or possibly a heart attack.}

_{Myocardial infarction}

_{Myocardial infarction is also known as a heart attack caused by coronary heart disease. This occurs when blood flow stops or decreases in one of the arteries found in the heart. This can easily go undetected and silent but can also reach the extreme of death.}

_{One common physical effects is arrhythmias. This is when the heart has an irregular heart rhythm, this can be either too slow, too fast or irregular. Coronary heart disease is a common cause of arrhythmias. The heart conductions system can malfunction and lead to an issue among the way your heart beats. The build up of plaque in the coronary arteries, narrowing them and causing the blood flow to decrease.}

_{Another common physical effect of coronary heart disease nausea. This occurs when other symptoms of coronary heart disease are in place. As an example, nausea can occur during an angina attack due to the stress on the heart becoming too overwhelming for the body and it is the body's automatic response to reduced oxygen supply. It can also occur during a heart attack (brought on by coronary heart disease worsening) where one of the classic signs is nausea.}

_{An uncommon physical effect is fatigue. Women more commonly experience fatigue when suffering from coronary heart disease. Due to the fact that CHD affects the blood flow within the body which can ultimately lead to lower energy levels. As suggested by DR. Sirish Vullaganti (a cardiologist) explains that the reduction in blood flow contributes to fatigue.}

_{This can impact the person negatively due to the physical strain this has on the body and how tiring this can become. So the body is impacted to the full extent as it can be physically, emotionally and socially draining.}

_Intellectual

_{Coronary heart disease can cause dementia. Alzhemiers.org.uk suggest that it increases the chances of blood clots forming within the brain blood vessels which is a leading cause of dementia. Due to coronary heart disease causing blockages in the arteries throughout the body due to build up of plaque and fatty substances.}

_Emotional

_{one common emotional effect of coronary health problems is low mood and excessive worries. Studies have shown that people that are suffering from chronic illnesses can struggle to with their emotions as well as handling daily challenges worsening their mental state. When diagnosed with coronary heart disease many limitations are part on daily life and can result in their self understanding taking a detour. The disruption to their routines and self-identity can cause strong feelings of worry and concerningly low moods.}

_{Another common effect is the impact it has your wellbeing and motivation. Coronary heart disease sufferers can often suffer from depression and anxiety due to the sudden changes to life. This can cause serious concern for an individual's health and wellbeing due to the impact in can have on their mental health. For example one worrying about heart attacks due their condition may avoid any sort of physical activity to reduce risk of experiencing angina and heart palpitations.}

_{One emotional effect which is more uncommon is depersonalization and self blame. This an effect of coronary heart disease that is overlooked. To go into detail when suffering with CHD some may experience feeling detached from themselves and their loved ones as well as surroundings. This generally occurs due to causing yourself to isolate from family members as well as having to make changes to your daily routine. Becoming an observer can be deeply distressing due to losing the abilities to be an active participant in various parts of your life. This can lead to self blame due to lifestyle choices and beginning to feel as though they are guilty and to blame for their current condition.}

_{These effects can be very detrimental to a persons mental health. It can lead to further diagnosis and cause one to experience suicidal thoughts and feel hopeless.}

_Social

_{One common social effect of coronary heart disease is self isolation. Heart.bmj.com states that research suggests that poor social relationships are linked to the risks as well as effects of coronary heart disease. This can be due to the fact that when suffering with CHD it is common to be overly worried so an individual may avoid any social situations which corelates to physical activity or induced stress to reduce risk of experiencing heart palpitations or shortness of breath which can be very scary to someone with CHD.}

_{Another common social effect is depression and recovery. The risks of experiencing depression rise when suffering with Coronary heart disease. The daily challenges to life when diagnosed with a chronic condition can cause extreme emotions and lead to mental illness. When suffering from depression it is common for people to shut away and cause damage to many relationships. This can be detrimental to a persons social life.}

_{A uncommon social effect of CHD is fear of intimacy and social withdrawal. Some people who suffer from heart disease may avoid social scenarios due to fatigue, anxiety or fear of judgment. This can cause a person to avoid social contact and begin to come isolated from their own life.}

_{These effects can cause a person to be isolated from their loved ones and experience further issues as well as risking their social life having irreversible damage. This can be draining as well as cause stress for an individual which is never beneficial for someone suffering with coronary heart disease.}

_{I believe that physical health is affected to the full extent as the body is under constant strain. Due to the fact that the heart is such a vital organ within the body, when things are not working correctly it affects the way a persons body works in all aspects. This can cause a person to feel as though their body is giving up on them and can give sensations of dying due to fast heart rates and shortness of breath.}

_{I also believe that emotional health is affected to the highest extent due to the emotional strain this can have on a person. Due to heightened risks of mental illnesses as well as suffering from self-identity issues and self blame, a person can begin to feel like they are not themselves anymore. This can be extremely detrimental and can have irreversible damage. When someone can no longer recognise the person in the mirror, it can be difficult to recover and work on yourself. Detachment and isolation can also cause the emotional effects to start effecting every other aspects of a person's health.}

_{Parkinson's disease}

_{When diagnosing Parkinson's disease there is many ways to help with said diagnostic. One way is through a DAt scan. A DAt scan shows a detailed image of the dopamine system within the brain. If a person is suffering with a lower amount of dopamine causing symptoms to show throughout the body it can be a signal that someone is suffering from Parkinson's disease. This can help to make accurate diagnosis and differentiate results from any other disorder.}

_{Another way health care professionals diagnose Parkinson's disease is a movement assessment. This is where the health care provider allows the patient to under go exercises to help discover any problems with movement that may be linked to Parkinson's disease.}

_{Coronary heart disease}

_{One way that coronary heart disease is detected is through MRI scans. These scans allow a professional to see detailed images of the heart and blood vessels allowing them to see any possible blockages which may be causing symptoms. Blood tests may also be taken after a 12 hour fast to see the cholesterol levels in the blood and can also be done to evaluate overall health and possible risks so investigations into what is causing the symptoms can take place.}

_Compare

_{When comparing the investigative procedures between Parkinson's and Coronary heart disease is that they both use scans which help show a clearer image of what is going on inside the body and what is causing the symptoms to present themselves.}

_{One diagnostic procedure is clinical assessments. This is when a professional examines your medical history and performs a neurological examination. This will include observations of their facial expressions and other motor functions. They may also conduct physical tests where you will be asked to walk or move around to assess movement and coordination.}

_{Coronary heart disease}

_{One diagnostic procedure is chest x - rays. This can reveal signs of heart failure and other relevant symptoms to coronary heart disease. The chest x - ray produces images of the heart, blood vessels and airways to discover any issues which may corelate to the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.}

_Compare

_{There is little to no comparison between these two diagnostic tools and not much correlation between any used to diagnose the two conditions. Where Parkinson's disease follows more of a physical assessment, coronary heart disease diagnosis relies on scans and imaging.}

_{There is also benefits to the patient as it can diagnose, as well as track progression and how treatments are working. This allows the individual to have a deeper understanding as to what is occurring and how their body is changing. Clinical assessments can also be used to diagnose coronary heart disease but not in the same aspects as to diagnose Parkinson's disorder. Parkinsons.org.uk also states that clinical assessments help with early detection enables certain researchers and health care professionals to study conditions more effectively as well as finding the correct treatments for the progression rate as well as the current stage they are at in there Parkinson's journey. To diagnose Coronary heart disease clinical assessments such as blood pressure measurements and life style assessments. To do blood pressure assessments they use blood pressure machines which is a vital part of the routine to diagnose this condition. Elevated blood pressure is a sign of cardiovascular diseases including CHD. They can also participate in lifestyle assessments where exercise habits, diets and smoking status are considered. This can help to diagnose but is more often used after other tests are done such as scans to find causes as well as ensure that they are giving the correct diagnosis. This diagnostic procedure is used for both conditions as the tests done are broad and gives a deeper understanding to all sorts of symptoms no matter the condition which is being diagnosed. Clinical assessments are so important when diagnosing cardio vascular diseases as the symptoms throughout most heart conditions are the same. Clinical assessments help to pin point certain symptoms and why they are occurring as well as showing certain signs of what is occurring in the body through blood pressure assessments. It also helps to discover family history to find any sort of hereditary causes and exercise stress tests to see how to heart reacts to physical activity. Overall the variety of tests that can be performed shows symptoms in the body and shows all sorts of reasons to diagnose this condition. Benefits of clinical assessments when diagnosing coronary heart disease due to the fact it helps with early detection which will always benefit the service user. This allows for prompt intervention and helps with effective treatments before their condition worsens and the damage becomes irreversible. It can also cause better outcomes for the livelihood of the service users due to the fact that it helps with smarter management of the condition and reduces certain complication risks.}

_{MRI scans are used to diagnose Coronary heart disease. Medicinenet.com describes MRI scans as a large magnet which produces clear images as to what is happening inside the body. They play a crucial role in diagnosing and assessing coronary heart disease. It is used as a non invasive scan that captures detailed images of your heart and blood vessels. This helps to find areas of strain and why symptoms are presenting in the body. MRI scans are so important when diagnosing Coronary heart disease due to the fact it is safe, reliable as well as it being non-invasive. The university of Leeds found in a research study of 5 years that 752 patients showed that MRI scans are more reliable than any other to detect signs of significant CHD. This shows the importance due to the fact that it shows symptoms like no other scan as well as showing significant detail. The British heart foundation also discusses that MRI was found more effective than other tests such as single photon emission computed tomography (a test used to diagnose CHD) due to not only it helping the diagnosis and also helps to rule out heart disease in patients that are suffering. This is a really strong way to diagnose coronary heart disease and doesn't have much risk of misdiagnosis. There is various benefits for the service user when using MRI to diagnose coronary heart disease. One benefit is how safe it is due to the fact there is no radiation exposure. Unlike other methods there is no ionizing radiation and allows the patient to feel more comfortable as well as ensuring that the patient isn't at risk of infertility, damage to DNA or birth defects which are all caused by large doses of radiation. It shows no harm to a patient which makes it a safe diagnosis option. It also ensures accurate diagnosis due to the derailed imaging and gives a clear image of heart defects and abnormalities ensuring the patient know they have little to no risk of misdiagnosis and can begin their journey on recovery and maintaining their health and wellbeing. While MRI scans aren't used for diagnosing Parkinson's disease, they use DAt scans. A DAt scan is a scan which shows imaging around the brain which shows the DAT activity surrounds the striatum which is a part of the brain affected by Parkinson's disease. DAT is a protein in the brain which help dopamine to travel around spaces between the cells and pushes back into the neurons as described by the davisphinneyfoundation.org. This scan takes place by injecting a radioactive substance into the individuals blood stream which circles the body and eventually travels to the brain. To put it in simple terms to imaging helps to discover loss of dopamine and where the brain is lacking which is a clear cause of Parkinson's disease so eventually helps to diagnose Parkinson's disease. These scans are important when followed along by a SPECT due to it playing a crucial point in the diagnosis due to various reasons. One reason is due to the pure accuracy of the assessment due to the fact it gives clear imaging into the brain and where it is failing the bodies correct functions. This makes it extremely accurate as no other scan gives a clearer image of the brain meaning no other can see what nerve cells are dying which leads to the development of Parkinson's disease as they are responsible for producing the dopamine chemical. It is also important as it helps to confirm to diagnosis when the clinical examinations are inconclusive meaning an accurate diagnosis can't be given. Although it does have it's weaknesses due to the fact that it is limited to those that are healthy outside of the Parkinson's diagnosis so people who suffer with kidney and liver problems or people with hypersensitivity due to the risk of the injection.}

_{Benefits of this DAt scan is the fact that it is extremely safe. This means that the patient is at no risk of harm due to the fact it does not release any ionizing radiation meaning there is no risk to the individuals health. This benefits the service user due to the fact they can feel comfortable during this procedure and be assured there safety while also being given access to an incredibly accurate system which can allow them to have a accurate diagnosis. Another benefit to this procedure is the accuracy. This scan has proven to be one of the most accurate ways to diagnose Parkinson's disease due to the fact it gives clear imaging into the brain that no other procedure allows to that extent which ensures the patient is given an answer as to what is happening to their body and can make them feel more in control of their condition when they feel as though they have no control over their bodies.}

_{There is all sorts of support and treatments available in Sheffield. One treatment available for Parkinson's disease is medications. There is a range of medications available to maintain and control this disease although it is incurable. Medications such as Levodopa (a medication which helps produce dopamine and helps manage the symptoms of Parkinson's disease) are available. Parkinsons.org describes levodopa as the most potent medication and is viewed as the first line drug for managing Parkinson's disease as is often prescribed by the NHS to make improvements to the motor symptoms that this disease causes. While this is the main drug prescribed, there is other options available such as dopamine agonists and COMT inhibitors. There is also surgery options available such as DBS (deep brain surgery). This is a common surgery for those that are suffering with Parkinson's. It is a surgery performed by neuro-surgeons where they implant electrodes into specific sections of the brain which helps to deliver impulses to begin to regulate certain abnormal brain activities. It can really help to improve motor skills such as tremors, stiffness and slowness which can be extremely positive for the service user and helps with progression of the condition. Along side this surgery others are available such as ablative surgery (destroys certain brain tissue which causes symptoms of Parkinson's) and transplantations ( dopamine cells transplanted into specific regions of the brain to help with dopamine functions) which can greatly benefit the service user and progression of this disease. Another support available is rehabilitation programmes and therapies. One option is physio-therapy. This is used to help manage movement difficulties and muscle weakness and is conducted by a physiotherapist. This helps to prevent falls due to balance issues that occur due to the body becoming more stiff due to Parkinson's symptoms and also improves sitting, standing and walking which becomes increasingly harder throughout the progression of the disease. Speech and language therapy is also a support option for the service user. Parkinson's disease can cause difficulties with speech and swallowing. Similar to the symptoms that occur due to muscles in the body can also occur in the muscles that are used when speaking and swallowing which can be improved through speech therapies. Speech therapists help with issues that occur such as difficulty with swallowing and drooling and also helps to maintain communication skills and facial expressions which helps the service user to feel in control and as if they are still the person that they remember from before they began to suffer with Parkinson's. Aromatherapy, massages and conductive medications can also help with symptoms of Parkinson's and make the service user feel more comfortable. It is vital to remember that multi-disciplinary teams are important when supporting someone with Parkinson's which involves occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech therapists to begin rehabilitation for the patient. These treatments are all offered within Sheffield by the NHS and referrals are often made from within. Whatclinic.com states that there is 39 clinics which offer physiotherapy.}

_{Coronary heart disease}

_{There is multiple medications which are offered to help with the development of coronary heart disease. One medication offered are blood thinning medications such as low- dose aspirin, clopidogrel and ticagrelor. These are all medications which thins the blood so that blood clots are less likely to form reducing the risk of heart attacks. These medications are prescribed by doctors only and should only be taken when diagnosed with CHD or because a doctor advised so. Beta-blockers are also used to treat angina and high blood pressures. There are also nitrates to be taken into consideration as they widen the blood vessels and force them to relax which allows better blood flow and relieves heart pain. These can all be prescribed in Sheffield by any registered GP or doctor. Surgeries are also available depending on your condition. There is multiple surgeries available such as a heart bypass (direct surgery on the heart when grafts are taken to create new pathways for direct blood flow). It does not cure the disease but does reduce symptoms and pain for the service user. There is also angioplasty and stent placement where a catheter with a balloon at its tip is threaded into the blocked artery to open the clogged arteries and restart correct blood flow. These are performed by cardiologists or cardiac surgeons and various consultations will take place to ensure it as a necessity and make sure it is the correct choice for the patient. There is also the option of rehabilitation programmes such as cardiac rehabilitation which helps to support recovery and helps to go back to daily life. It typically lasts 6-12 weeks and occurs around once or twice a week to aid the recovery. It includes physical activity (tailored to the patients current condition) and physiological support (addressing any mental health issues and anxiety). These can not only help reduce symptoms but also give endless support to their mental health too. Self care is also important to promote when you are a health care provider supporting someone with coronary heart disease.}

_{Physios are a good option for people suffering with Parkinson's due to the fact it helps with mobility and can begin to get their body feeling like their own again as well as allowing them to feel more in control. as well as other rehabilitation therapies such as speech therapies and physio-therapies. This is good for a person with Parkinson's as it means that their body begins to see improvements and symptoms can begin to subside making it easier to handle and live through daily life. Similarly, rehabilitation surgeries are good for people with coronary heart disease. Though the conditions of the therapies are different, they hold similar goals. Where it includes physio-therapy for Parkinson's, coronary heart disease includes more physical activities to keep life in a similar routine and also focusing on mental issues. I personally believe while these therapies are important, i don't think they have the biggest impact and better alternatives are offered for a bigger impact.}

_{Surgeries are also used for both disorders. When brain surgeries are used for Parkinson's and Heart surgeries for CHD there is much similarity in the impact. DBS is good for Parkinson's disease as it gives the brain an automatic supply of dopamine and significantly reduces motor symptoms where Heart bypass reduces chances of heart failures. Surgeries are very useful when discussing these disorders as it helps to reduce the symptoms and makes the service user more comfortable, have less risks of complications and allows slower progression rates.}

_{Surgeries also benefit the service users in multiple ways. DBS surgery can cause the person to suffer with less motor symptoms such as tremors, body stiffness and dyskinesia. This benefits the service user due to the fact they are dealing with less symptoms which can improve mental health as well as improve their quality of life which is the overall aim with Parkinson's disease due to the fact the disease is incurable. It can also be beneficial as it can be tailored to their specific needs meaning they are receiving the best results for the individual. Heart bypass can also be very beneficial for the service user due to the fact it creates no pathways for the blood. This means it is increasing the blood flow to the heart which ultimately reduces all symptoms of CHD. This means that the patient will be dealing with less symptoms and be at a reduced risk of heart attacks and heart failures. This offers them a symptom-free life of up to 15 years once the surgery is complete. According to the British heart foundation it can reduce symptoms of angina, better sleep, better moods and mental health and more energy which means that there lives can potentially return back to normal for upwards of 15 years.}