CIVIL RIGHTS by Debora Galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9 Civil rights are an essential component of democracy. They’re guarantees of equal social opportunities and protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, or other characteristics. Examples are the rights to vote, to a fair trial, to government services, and to a public education. In contrast to civil liberties, which are freedoms secured by placing restraints on government, civil rights are secured by positive government action, often in the form of legislation. en-us 2021-02-16 08:30:42 UTC 2025-11-07 01:31:47 UTC hello@padlet.com 1861-1865 American Civil War debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1206088688 The American Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865. It is also called the War Between the States. The main reason for the war was the issue of slavery. In slavery, white people owned black people and forced them to work for no pay.
In 1861, there were just 34 states, and Abraham Lincoln was the president. Fifteen of the states, located in the South, permitted slavery and were known as slave states. The rest of the states, where slavery was illegal, were called free states
The South based its economy on cotton plantations and slaves. The North wanted black people to be free. 

Lincoln was an abolitionist, which means he was against slavery. He wanted the United States government to make slavery illegal in the existing states and in the new states that would come. When he was elected, seven slave states succeeded from the United States. They formed a new country called the Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy. Jefferson Davis was the Confederate president. In all, a total of 11 slave states seceded to make up the Confederacy. The northern states that did not secede made up the Union.

The Civil War began in April 1861. Over 600.000 on both sides died. The south was destined. In April 1865 the south surrendered to the north. The war was over, the north won and slavery was abolished.

]]> 2021-02-16 08:49:18 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1206088688 1863 Emancipation proclamation debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1206190041 Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, making slavery illegal throughout the United States.
This was the first step toward abolition of slavery in the United States.]]> 2021-02-16 09:24:11 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1206190041 1865 - 1868 - 1870 Reconstruction Act debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1206246117 Amendements 13th, 14th and 15th]]> 2021-02-16 09:43:18 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1206246117 Black Code debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213042150 Lincoln was assassinated on April 15 1865, under the administration of President Andrew Johnson new southern state legislatures passed restrictive “Black Codes. They are laws  that restricted the freedom of black people (freedmen) and the right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces such as Southern towns.
 Restrictions included also prohibiting them from voting, bearing arms and learning to read and write.

Black people couldn’t marry white people and they were excluded from political life.
]]> 2021-02-17 21:22:58 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213042150 Ku Klux Klan debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213049458 An American white supremacist hate group that employed terror to impose white supremacy. The Klan existed in 3 different eras:
1) right after the Civil War, it used violence to restore the white supremacy;
2) In the 20s, it opposed not only African Americans, but also Jews and Catholics;
3) In the 50s, as opposition to the civil right movement, often using violence and murder to suppress activists]]> 2021-02-17 21:26:03 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213049458 1890s Jim Crow laws debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213050243 From the late 1870s, Southern state legislatures
passed laws requiring the separation of white from “people of colour” in public transportation and schools.
The segregation principle was extended to parks, cemeteries, theatres, and restaurants in an effort to prevent any contact between Black and white as equals.  Interracial marriages were illegal.
1896 Separate but equal
On buses and trains, they had to sit in a
different section from white passengers. African Americans had to go to different hospitals and shops and they couldn’t eat in the same restaurants with white Americans. The segregation laws  at the time said African Americans were ‘separate but equal’ – so they had to live separate lives from white
Americans.
White and black couldn’t go to the same school.]]> 2021-02-17 21:26:22 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213050243 Rosa Parks debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213210984 Rosa Parks was born in Alabama in 1913. She lived at a time when there was a
lot of racial discrimination against black people in the USA. For example, the
school she attended in Alabama was for African-American students only. White
children were educated in separate schools. In 1932 Rosa married Raymond
Parks, an active member of the National Association for the Advancement of
Coloured People (NAACP). In 1943 she joined the NAACP and became actively
involved in the Civil Rights Movement.
In 1955 Rosa worked as a seamstress at a department store. On December 1st
she got on the bus to go home as usual and sat in a seat reserved for black
passengers. As the bus was full and some white passengers were standing, the
driver asked some black passengers to give up their seats to the white
passengers. Rosa refused and the driver called the police. When the police
arrived they arrested her.]]> 2021-02-17 22:41:10 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213210984 debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213231012 After her arrest a boycott of Montgomery’s city buses was organised: instead of
using the city’s buses, African-American people in Montgomery walked, cycled or
went by car. The Montgomery Bus Boycott lasted 381 days and was one of the
most successful protests against racial segregation in history. It ended in 1956
after the United States Supreme Court declared that racial segregation laws on
public transport were unconstitutional. After this important victory, Rosa became
a symbol of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA and she is still remembered as
‘the first lady of civil rights’.]]> 2021-02-17 22:51:55 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213231012 Martin Luther king debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213235261 One of the leaders of the Montgomery Bus Boycott was African American church
minister, Martin Luther King Jr. He became the leader of the Civil Rights
Movement that wanted African Americans to have the same right to freedom
and equality as white Americans. Martin Luther King believed in non-violent
protest and he organised many campaigns against racial discrimination. The
police frequently arrested him and sent him to prison, but he continued to
protest. At the end of the demonstration, segregation on buses was declared
unconstitutional and from that moment on, black and white people were able to
sit in buses as equals. Two years later he and other civil rights activists founded
an organisation of black churches whose aim was to control and organised non-
violent protests for the civil rights reform. MLK became its leader and organised
marches for some of the basic civil rights for black people which made him
become a human rights icon.]]> 2021-02-17 22:54:18 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213235261 debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213237739 In 1963, there was an important civil rights protest in Washington. Martin Luther
King spoke to the people about his dream for the future: freedom and equality
for all Americans. He began with the words: ‘I have a dream’. His speech is
famous all over the world. In 1964,  he  won  the  Nobel  Prize  for  Peace  and
in  1965,  the  American  government finally made it possible for all African
Americans to vote.Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee,
in April 1968, but in July 1968, the American Government passed the Civil Rights
Act and finally African Americans had the same rights as white Americans]]> 2021-02-17 22:55:44 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213237739 Ruby Bridges debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213239635
Thanks to people like Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, who fought for the
rights of all black people, things started to change in 1960s. Ruby Bridges,  born
in 1954, was the first African-American to attend an all-whites school in New
Orleans in 1960.

Ruby was born the same year that the Supreme Court decided to desegregate
schools. In kindergarten, they chose Ruby as one of the many African-American
school kids to take the test that would determine if they could attend a white
school or not. The test was difficult so that the kids taking it would have a
difficult time passing. In fact, if the black kids failed, schools in New Orleans had
a chance of staying segregated for longer.

Ruby was one of the six black children in New Orleans who passed the test but
was the only one who had to attend William Frantz Elementary which was an all-
white school. Her first day of school, her mother and four federal marshals took
her for her safety while people shouted at her. Norman Rockwell
commemorated the event in a painting titled ‘The Problem We All Lived In’]]> 2021-02-17 22:56:45 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213239635 debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213242894 On the first day Ruby went to William Frantz, parents of the students in the
school pulled their children out and only one teacher agreed to teach her: she
was alone in her classroom. Ruby's parents also went through difficult times
when their daughter was attending the all-white-school: her faher lost his job
and some shops banned them. But there were people – both black and white –
who helped Ruby and her family: some white families continued to send their
children to William Frantz when the little black girl was schooling there
Ruby went on to finish her elementary and high school years in desegregated
schools in New Orleans. She got married to Malcolm Hall, had four sons and
lived in New Orleans working as a travel agent for 15 years before becoming a
full-time parent. Ruby founded the Ruby Bridges Foundation in 1999. The
foundation aims to “promote the values of tolerance, respect, and appreciation
of all differences”. President Bill Clinton awarded Ruby with a Presidential
Citizens Medal on January 8, 2001.]]> 2021-02-17 22:58:31 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1213242894 debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1214567778 2021-02-18 09:56:49 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1214567778 1909 NAACP debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234019343 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans and its aim is to ensure equal rights and education to African Americans.]]> 2021-02-23 22:38:38 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234019343 1964 Civil Rights Act debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234043765 With President Johnson, the Civil Rights Act becomes a law.
It outlaws segregation, Jim Crow laws and any discrimination based on race, nationality, origin and gendre.
In the same year, Martin Luther King wins the Nobel Peace Prize.]]> 2021-02-23 22:50:33 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234043765 1965 debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234044646 1) The Voting Rights Act becomes law and makes it illegal to prevent any citizen from voting, regardless their race, it puts a ban on voter literary tests and makes poll taxes illegal.
2) Bloody Sunday: on March 7th, 600 civil marchers in Selma, Alabama, are met with gas and police and many are injured.]]> 2021-02-23 22:50:59 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234044646 1968 Fair Houses Rights debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234047015 This was the last legislation enhanced duting the Civil Rights Era.
"It is illegal to discriminate in the sale or rental of housing, ... The Fair Housing Act prohibits this discrimination because of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability."]]> 2021-02-23 22:52:10 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234047015 2000 Colin Powell debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234047154 Politician Colin Powell is the first African American Secretary of State]]> 2021-02-23 22:52:14 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234047154 2008 Barak Obama debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234047332 Obama is the first African American President of the United States.]]> 2021-02-23 22:52:19 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234047332 2020 Kamala Harris debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234047496 Kamala Harris is the first African American and the first woman to become Vice President of the United States.
See dedicated lesson]]> 2021-02-23 22:52:24 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1234047496 debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1251007310 2021-02-28 23:08:17 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/1251007310 Black lives matter debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/2058484081 2022-02-21 10:05:43 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/2058484081 Louisa May Alcott debora1992galia https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/2058620886 2022-02-21 11:45:57 UTC https://padlet.com/debora1992galia/qqavg3neu7pafdq9/wish/2058620886