BISC102 - Concept Map by

Natural Selection

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:08:04 UTC

Process through which population of living organism adapt and change.

Evolution

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:08:10 UTC

Change in genetic material of a population over time.

Fitness

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The ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring.

Genetic Drift

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Change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.

Bottleneck Effect

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Example of genetic drift where the original population is severely reduced.

Founder Effect

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Genetic drift example where a small group of individuals becomes isolated.

Gene Flow

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any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another

Genetic Diversity

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the biological variation that occurs within species.

Inbreeding

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mating of close relatives in species that are normally outbreeding.

Mutation

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:13:08 UTC

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.

Chromosome

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:13:14 UTC

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell.

DNA

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:13:18 UTC

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Translation

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:13:24 UTC

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA).

Transcription

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:13:34 UTC

the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA

Phenotype

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the observable physical properties of an organism

Genotype

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The genetic makeup of an organism

Allele Frequency

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How abundant an allele is in a population.

Meiosis

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*New concept

type of cell division during which a single cell divides twice and produces four daughter cells.

Binominal Nomenclature

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the biological system of naming the organisms

Adaptive Trait

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A heritable trait that increases an organism's fitness

Non-adaptive Trait

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Traits that are formed from random events.

Homology

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similarity of a structure or function of parts of different origins based on their descent from a common evolutionary ancestor

Transitional Feature

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A fossil that shows an intermediate state between an ancestral trait and that of its later descendants

Vestigial Trait

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the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species

Variation

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differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:23:36 UTC

principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Gene Pool

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:23:44 UTC

Total amount of Genes in a population in a given time

Fixed Allele

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An allele that has a frequency of 100% or 1.0.

Present day organism

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Sexual Selection

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:44:13 UTC

Selection that arises from nonrandom success in competition for mating.

Sexual Dimorphism

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Difference between individual of different sex in the same species

Deleterious Allele

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A version of a gene that decreases the fitness of the organism carrying it.

Adaption (process)

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 00:45:00 UTC

A heritable trait that had evolved that increases the fitness of an organism.

Prezygotic Barrier

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Barriers before the zygote forms that prevent the organism from falling under the species classification

Postzygotic Barrier

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Barriers after the zygote forms that prevent the organism from falling under the species classification

Biological species concept

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Classification where species taxon as a group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Ecological species concept

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Classification based on organisms that share environmental niches

Similar organisms

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Null Hypothesis

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no difference between groups or no relationship between variables.

Research Question

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 01:34:11 UTC

*New concept

states the specific issue or problem that your assignment will focus on

Experimental group

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*New concept

the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested

Control group

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*New concept

the group that does not receive the new treatment being studied

Independent variable

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*New concept

variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

Dependent variable

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*New concept

depend on other variables.

Alternate hypothesis

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 01:35:32 UTC

*New concept

an opposing theory to the null hypothesis.

Allele

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 01:49:15 UTC

Alternative forms of genes

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Convergent Evolution

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 02:01:05 UTC

The process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar necessities

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 02:08:05 UTC

Speciation

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 02:13:15 UTC

When the difference between multiple populations gets too large and the two population are classified different species.

Divergent Evolution

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 02:13:32 UTC

*New concept

evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation

Phylogenetic species concept

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 03:16:44 UTC

The classification of a species based on their physical traits.

Morphological species concept

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 03:16:54 UTC

The classification of a species based on physical traits

Allopatry

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In different places.

Sympatry

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Occuring in the same area

Phylogenetic Tree

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diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Taxonomy

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the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms

Vicariance

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The division of a population by a geographic barrier.

Dispersal

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Movement of individual organisms from their birthplace to other locations for breeding

Niche

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the role an organism plays in a community

Disruptive Selection

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 03:18:01 UTC

An evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation

Adaptive Radiation

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 03:18:43 UTC

a rapid increase in the number of species with a common ancestor, characterized by great ecological and morphological diversity.

Mass Extinction

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 03:18:58 UTC

when species vanish much faster than they are replaced

Background Extinction

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 03:19:13 UTC

The natural evolution and elimination of species from the Earth over a long period of time.

Methods of identifying species

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Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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*New concept

Morphology

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-18 23:00:25 UTC

The study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts.

Acclimation

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-19 20:32:43 UTC

*New concept

The process where an individual organism adjusts to changes in it's environment.

Individuals moving to higher altitudes

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-Increased RBC production

-Increased depth of breath

Offspring that are sterile

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Horse + Donkey = Mule

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Temporal Isolation

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Difference in breeding schedules.

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Red vs Gray Squirrels

jonnd2303 — 2024-10-19 20:50:00 UTC