Unit 1 & 8 CSP Vocab by Ruby Rodriguez

Relational Operators

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Used to compare two variables or values using relational operators. The result is a Boolean (true or false). For example, a b is true if a and b are equal, and false if they’re not. Common operators are , !=, >, <, >=, and <=.

Boolean

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An expression that results in either true or false, used in the condition of an if statement.

Conditional Expressions

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A comparison, often in a while or if statement, that evaluates to either true or false.

Zero Iteration Loop

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A loop that never begins.

Infinite Loop

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A loop that goes on forever, while condition is true.

Arithmetic Operations

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Math operations found in most programming languages, like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.

Order of Operations

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An order, such as PEMDAS, to ensure that a math problem is worked out correctly to conclude with the accurate answer.

Nested Iteration

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This type of statement is an if statement placed inside another if statement.

Flowcharts

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Diagrams that visually represent the steps of an algorithm.

Flowchart Symbols

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Specific symbols that illustrate task directions.

Linear Flowchart

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This flowchart shows a linear algorithm for washing hands. Linear algorithms follow one sequence of steps to complete a task.

Conditional Flowchart

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This flowchart shows a conditional algorithm for assigning students to buses. Conditional algorithms involve decision-making based on true/false or yes/no questions.

Binary

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A 2 numeral system that represents all numbers, using only two digits; 0 and 1.

Bit

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Every value of 1 or 0 is called a bit.

Byte

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Eight bits, able to represent 256 distinct values (abbreviated “b”).

Data

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Information translated into a form that is efficient for movement or processing.

Encoding

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The process of putting a sequence of characters (letters, numbers, punctuation, and certain symbols) into a specialized format for efficient transmission or storage.

Decimal

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Relating to or denoting a system of numbers and arithmetic based on the number ten, tenth parts, and powers of ten.

Hexadecimal

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Relating to or using a system of numerical notation that has 16 as a base.

Data Abstraction

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A separation between the abstract properties of a data type and the concrete details of its representation.

Data Compression

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Storing information using fewer bytes.

Data Set

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A collection of related data that's usually organized in a standardized format.

Lossless Compression

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Describes a method of compression in which original data can be completely recovered from the compressed data, without any loss of content.

Lossy Compression

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Describes a method of compression in which data is lost in a way that cannot be recovered from the compressed data.

Metadata

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Information about data, such as when, how, or by whom it was collected, or what software was used. Essentially, it's data about data. For example, if the data is an image, the metadata could include its creation date or file size.

Sampling Technique

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The method used to select a subset of data from a larger dataset for analysis, processing, or learning. It helps reduce computational complexity while maintaining accuracy.

Scalability

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The capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands. The Internet was designed to be scalable.

Data Filtering

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The process of refining or removing unwanted data from a dataset based on specific criteria.

Pattern Recognition

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A field that focuses on training systems to recognize patterns in data using algorithms and machine learning techniques. It is widely used in applications like image recognition, speech processing, biometric identification, and anomaly detection.

Correlation

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The relationship or statistical association between two or more variables in a dataset, where changes in one variable may be related to changes in another.

Computational Thinking

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The thought processes involved in defining a problem and its solution so that the solution can be expertly carried out by a computer.

Parallel Computing

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A type of computing architecture in which several processors simultaneously execute multiple, smaller calculations broken down from an overall larger, complex problem.

Distributed Computing

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The method of making multiple computers work together to solve a common problem.

Fault Tolerance

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The ability of a system to maintain proper operation despite failures or faults in one or more of its components.

Redundancy

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The vital practice of incorporating backup components or systems to ensure uninterrupted operation.

Bandwidth

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The amount of data that can be sent from one point to another in a certain period of time.

Routing

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The process of selecting and defining paths for IP-packet traffic within or between networks as well as the process of managing network traffic overall.

Protocol

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A set of rules that govern how data is transmitted and received in a network.

Data Stream

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The process of transmitting a continuous flow of data (also known as streams) typically fed into stream processing software to derive valuable insights.

Packet

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In networking, a packet is a small segment of a larger message.

IP (Internet Protocol)

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Is a protocol, or set of rules, for routing and addressing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arrive at the correct destination.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

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A communications standard that enables application programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a network.

Efficiency

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The ratio of useful work to resources (processor and storage) expended.

Interconnected

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A direct connection between two or more systems in different authorization boundaries for the purpose of exchanging information and/or allowing access to information, information services, and resources.

Runtime

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It is the time that a program is running alongside all the external instructions needed for proper execution.

Redundancy

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The vital practice of incorporating backup components or systems to ensure uninterrupted operation.