To specifically test the brain stem is difficult because in a sense we are testing it all the time involuntarily doing everyday actions like pumping blood and breathing so a good test to do for your brain stem is living. Another option is to do a warm, cold, hot, cold shower. This affects your heart rate and blood circulation controlled by the brain stem, and can effectively show the amount of work it does.

en.wikipedia.org- 

 

Function & dysfunction: The primary function of the corpus callosum is to connect and allow communication between the two hemispheres of the brain, transmitting neural messages. An example of a dysfunction is Pre/postnatal sonogram, Computerized Axial Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging. They are all disorders in which the two hemispheres of the brain are not connected and communicating.

 

Example of activity:

Cross lateralization of fingertips test - someone who has a damaged corpus callosum cannot do this test as the two hemisphere of the brain fail to connect properly.

The amygdala is a key part of processing emotions. It processes fear and many other emotions such as anxiety. The central part of the Amygdala can sometimes aid in creating mental disorders such as anxiety and extreme fears. The amygdala controls fear and is responsible for your body being able to react quickly to a dangerous or threatening situation.

 

Found

The amygdala is found in the centre of the brain, towards the bottom. It is a small set of neurons the shape of an almond. 

 

Dysfunctions

Many mental dysfunctions can be linked to the formation of the amygdala, such as anxiety, autism and depression. Anxiety is the most common mental disorder caused by dysfunction in the Amygdala, as it is releasing fear when there is no reason to be scared.

LOCATION

The frontal lobe is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and in front of the parietal lobe and above and in front of the temporal lobe.

FUNCTION

The frontal lobe contains most of the dopamine-sensitive neurons in the cerebral cortex. The dopamine system is associated with reward, attention, short-term memory tasks, planning, and motivation.

The frontal lobe plays a large role in voluntary movement. It contains the primary motor cortex which regulates activities like walking.

The function of the frontal lobe involves the ability to predict future consequences resulting from current actions, the choice between good and bad actions, the override and suppression of socially unacceptable responses, and the determination of similarities and differences between things or events

The frontal lobe also plays an important part in integrating longer non-task based memories stored across the brain. These are often memories associated with emotions. The frontal lobe modifies those emotions to generally fit socially acceptable norms.

DISFUNCTION 

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) also known as mini-strokes, and strokes are common causes of frontal lobe damage in older adults (65 and over). These strokes and mini-strokes can occur due to the blockage of blood flow to the brain or as a result of the rupturing of an aneurysm in a cerebral artery. Other ways in which injury can occur include head injuries such as traumatic brain injuries incurred following accidents, diagnoses such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease (which cause dementia symptoms), and frontal lobe epilepsy (which can occur at any age).

Your frontal lobes are home to your executive functions, including pattern recognition such as reading. Here’s a puzzle to challenge your ability to uncover a pattern.