Plants can also have fruits and seeds. Flowers develop into fruits. The seeds are inside the fruits. Each part of a plant has different uses or functions.

Look at the pictures on this page.

Plante kan ook sade e vrugte dra, Vrugte ontwikkel uit blomme , Binne in die vrug is die saad

Some animals are big, such as the giraffe. Other animals are small, such as the sparrow and mouse.

The shape of animals’ bodies can also be different. The snake has a long, thin body shape.

The fish has a body that is flat on the sides and pointed at the ends.

The sparrow has a round body, with a long tail. The mouse’s body has the same shape as a teardrop.

The giraffe’s body shape is similar to a triangle.

Limbs

Some animals have legs and they can walk and run, such as the giraffe.

Other animals have wings and they can fly, such as the sparrow.

Fish have fins to help them swim. Some animals have no limbs and they slither along the ground, such as the snake.

Body covering

The mouse and giraffe’s bodies are covered with hair.

The sparrow is covered with feathers.

The snake and fish are covered with scales.

Sense organs

All the animals in the pictures have eyes, a nose and a mouth.

You can see ears on the giraffe and mouse.

The mouse also has whiskers to feel things.

food. Food helps plants grow

and firm leaves. Plants that do not get enough water

have weak stems and dried leaves.

The picture on the left below shows a plant that does

not get enough water. The picture on the right below

shows a plant that gets enough water.

grow better if it is not too hot or too cold. Look at the

pictures below. The young plants on the left grow in

a cold place. The young plants on the right grow in a

warm place.

plants also need air.

Plants Require CO2 (Carbon dioxide) For a process called Photosynthesis.

Interesting Fact: During the day they Use Carbon Dioxide (CO2) But During the Night They Use Oxygen (O2)

seedling the new plant that grows when a seed germinates

plumule the first shoot a seedling grows

radicle the first root a seedling grows

habitat. There are many different kinds of habitat,

such as grasslands, forests, rivers and the sea.

Different animals and plants live in different habitats.

For example:

• Zebras live in grasslands.

• The Knysna Turaco lives in forests.

• Crocodiles live in rivers.

• Whales live in the sea.

Sommige dier is groot, soos die Kameelperd en sommige diere is klein soos n muis Die vorme van diere se liggamme kan ook veskril. Visse se lywe is plat en gepunt, Dit help hulle om te swem

Die Swaeltie het 'n ronde liggaam, met 'n lang stert. Die muis se liggaam het dieselfde vorm as 'n traan.

Die kameelperd se liggaamsvorm is soortgelyk aan 'n driehoek.

Lede mate

Party diere het bene en hulle kan loop en hardloop, soos die kameelperd. Ander diere het vlerke en kan vlieg, soos die vink. Visse het vinne om hulle te help swem. Sommige diere het geen ledemate nie en syl oor die grond, soos die slang.

Liggaams bedekking

Die muis en giraffe se liggame is met hare bedek.

Die voël is met vere bedek.

Die slang en vis is met skubbe bedek.

Sense organs

Al die diere in die prente het oë, 'n neus en 'n mond.

Jy kan ore op die kameelperd en muis sien.

Die muis het ook snorbaard om dinge te voel.

grasslands. These animals eat the grass. Predators that catch and eat the grazing animals also live in grassland habitats, for example lions.

like ferns. They get rain all year round. Forest habitats

do not get very hot or very cold. Many birds live in

forests. Smaller animals such as monkeys, bush pigs,

bushbuck and duikers also live in forests. They eat

leaves, fruits and seeds that fall from the trees. The

bush pig and monkeys also eat insects, worms and

lizards. Forest habitats are good places to hide from

predators such as leopards and eagles.

the water does not change much. Some animals live

in the water, such as fish, water snails and tadpoles.

Some live above the water, such as ducks and

insects. Others live in the area surrounding the river,

such as frogs and many kinds of birds.

The animals find food in their habitat. Plants grow

in the water and on the river banks. Some animals

eat these plants, for example fish and hippos. Birds

like kingfishers catch fish that live in the river. Other

animals, like crocodiles eat animals that come to the

river bank to drink water. Some animals like frogs and

fish lay their eggs in the water.

Plante benodig CO2 (Koolstofdioksied) vir 'n proses wat fotosintese genoem word.

Interessante feit: Tydens die dag gebruik hulle koolstofdioksied (CO2), maar gedurende die nag gebruik hulle suurstof (O2).

• states of matter the three forms in which materials can exist: solids, liquids and gases

• solid a substance that has a fixed shape

• liquid a substance that does not have a fixed shape and can flow

• flow the way a liquid moves and spreads

• gas a substance that has no shape and can move around freely

A solid has a fixed shape. The shape of a solid does not change easily. An apple and a brick are solids. The only way they can change their shape is by force. For example, if you bite into the apple with your teeth or hit the brick with a big hammer, you will change the apple’s and the brick’s shape.

Liquids

A liquid does not have a fixed shape. A liquid takes the shape of the container it is in. Milk, water and juice are liquids. When you pour milk into a glass, it takes the shape of the glass. If you spill the milk on the floor, it will spread quickly as it takes the shape of the floor. We say that liquids flow.

Gases

A gas has no shape but it takes up space. A gas moves around freely and spreads out into open spaces. Gases will not stay in an open container or space. They can be contained in a closed space, such as air inside a balloon. You cannot see, feel, or smell some gases. Air is made of different gases.

• melt when a solid gains heat to become a liquid

• evaporate liquids can change into gases

• condense when gases change to liquids

• solidify when a liquid loses heat to become a solid

– changing from solid to liquid If solids are heated, they can change into liquids. For example, if we add heat energy to butter in a frying pan, it melts and becomes liquid. The photograph of the boy eating an ice-cream shows another example of a solid that is melting.

Evaporating

– changing from liquid to gas When liquids are heated enough they can change into gases. When this happens we say that the liquid evaporates. Liquids evaporate when they gain heat. For example, when you heat liquid water it changes to a gas called water vapour.

Condensing

– changing from gas to liquid When a gas cools it forms a liquid again. When a gas changes back into a liquid we say that it condenses. Gases condense when they lose heat. For example, when you breathe out air on a cold day the water vapour in your breath cools down and condenses to form liquid water.

• water cycle the movement of water from the land and sea to the air and back again by the processes of evaporating, condensing, freezing and melting

The Earth has a limited amount of water.

That water keeps going around and around in what we call the water cycle.

In the water cycle water moves from the land and sea to the air and back again.

Water changes state in the water cycle. Water evaporates, condenses, freezes and melts in the water cycle

Materie toestand

Vastestof- Stof met n Vaste vorm

Materieltoestand- Die drie vorms waarin materie kan bestaan

Vloestof- n Stof wat kan vloei sonder n Vaste vorm

Vloei- Die manier waarop n vloeistof met geen vaster vorm kan beweeg en Versprei

Gas- n Stof wat geen vorm het i en kan vrylik rond beweeg

Het n Vaste form en ruil ni maklik van form ni. m Appel en n baksteen is Vaste stowwe al hoe hulle van vorm veranders is as daar n krag op hulle inwerk.

Vloeistowwe

Het geen Vaste vorm ni en Neem die vorm aan van die houer waarin dit geplaas is. As jy water op die vloer mors kan mens se die water neem die vorm van die vloer an. Ons se dat vloeiestowwe vloei.

Gasse

Gasees het geen vorm ni maar dit neem ruimte in beslag. N gas kan vrylike rondbeweeg en in oop ruimte in beweeg, Dit gan van n hoer konsentrasies van die gas, na n lae konsentrasies van die gas, hierdie proses noem ons dit diffusie

As vaste stowwe verhit kan hulle smelt, Bv botter in n braai pan

Verdamp

Wanneer vloeistof gernoeg verhit word dan kan dit in n gas verander, Bv. Water wat verhit word verander in Stoom in

Kondenseer

Wanneer gas afkoel kan dit dan terug keur na n vloeistof toe, Bv. Koue dag uitasem en dan koel die water damp af en verander in vloeistof.

Stol

Vloeistowwe verloor hitte en wanneer hulle af koel kan hulle dan terug keur na n vaste vorm. As gesmelde botter van die hitte af gehaal word en dit koel af dan raak dit weer solied.

Water serkuleer in die watersiklus heeltyd

In die watersiklus beweeg die water van die grond, na die see, na die lug en dan weer al die pad terug en herhaal.

Water in die watersiklus gan deur al die Fases van toestand verandering

Verwekte materiale Nuttige ding of materiale wat uit natuurlike materiale geskep is

Sand Baie fyn korrels klip

Klei Baie fyn sand deeltjies

Smeebaar kan marklik gevorm word

Keramiek woorwerpe Voorwerpre wat uit hard gebakte klei gemaak is

Bros Breek maklik

Steenkool n Harde swart stof wat uit fossiele bestaan en as brandstof gebruik word

Plastiek Harde stof wat uit Steenkool en of Olie gemaak is

Vesel Draadjie en toutjies

Leer N Sagte buigbare materiaal wat uit dier velle gemaak word.

Klippe is deur die wind teen ander klippe geskuur en deur water fyngemaal dan is dit sand, Dit kan dan verhit word Tot in vloeistof vorm om die onsuiwerhede uit the haal wanneer dit dan verkoel het jy n vorm van die sand waar alles saam gesmelt is sonder Onsuiwerhede dit noem ons dan glas

Klei word gebruik om keramie te maak

Die klein deeltjie klei is amper dieselfde as sit dis net fyner en kan meer water absorbeer. Word met dieselfde proses as glas maak na keramiek verander, dit raak net nie n vloesitof nie.

Steenkool en Olie word gebruik om plastiek en verf te maak

Steenkool is n hard, swart stof wat uit die aard uit kom, steenkool word gevorm uit die oorblyfsels van bome en plante wat miljoen jaar gelede geleef het Olie word op dieselfde manier gevorm. Steenkool en Olie kan gebruik word om die vewerkte produk te maak wat on platiek noem.