USO research paper by Ally Freitag https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7 animal rights en-us 2018-05-15 15:53:47 UTC 2024-12-13 07:49:04 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Beartoy.png US animal rights activism overview afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260911696 2018-05-15 16:06:33 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260911696 3 assumptions afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260913763 Exotic animals were stolen to be used as entertainment. Customers at circuses were oblivious to the reality. Animal entertainment is over now.]]> 2018-05-15 16:11:42 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260913763 questions afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260913798 When was circus popularity at its peak?
Which animals were most often used for entertainment? How specifically were they abused and exploited? Where were the animals taken from? How were they transported? Who actively opposed animals in entertainment? When did it end?]]> 2018-05-15 16:11:46 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260913798 Circus Cats afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260914909 ringling bros]]> 2018-05-15 16:14:18 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260914909 ringling bros circus afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260916502 2018-05-15 16:18:43 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260916502 ringling bros again! afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260917198 2018-05-15 16:20:27 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260917198 jack london vs animal entertainment afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260918910 2018-05-15 16:24:39 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260918910 US circus history overview #01 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260920634 used in BP 1, BP 2]]> 2018-05-15 16:29:18 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260920634 US circus in 20th century afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260921068 2018-05-15 16:30:34 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/260921068 US circus book #00 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261243882 2018-05-16 14:50:21 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261243882 Format notes afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261244732
  • chicago style citations
  • gale box: cswlibraryresearch
  • footnotes only need part of citation
  • if footnote is from book, put comma then page number after
  • for citing same source twice or more in a row in footnotes, make second footnote then use term "Ibid."
    • ]]>     2018-05-16 14:52:15 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261244732     US circus overview afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261251547 2018-05-16 15:07:39 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261251547 zoos and circuses afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261252297 2018-05-16 15:09:16 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261252297 circus influence outside of animal rights #00 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261256254
  • p 144
  • shifting male gender roles
  • androgynous acceptance
  • genderless clowns
  • performing in drag

    • ]]>     2018-05-16 15:18:15 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261256254     circus animals in general #00 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261258704
  • p 148 of linked source
  • usually adult male animals
  • the more dangerous and "exotic", the more desirable & famous
  • Domestic animals had roles
  • Animals in entertainment were geared towards comedy

    • ]]>     2018-05-16 15:23:57 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261258704     KEY afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261260433
  • pink = general info
  • yellow = influential figures
  • blue = US circus history
  • green = animals
  • purple = misc
  • #then number indicates which source I got the ntoes from
    • ]]>     2018-05-16 15:28:15 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261260433     THESIS QUESTION afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261263263 How did the American circus industry in the 20th century impact animals? How did animal acts impact the American circus industry?]]> 2018-05-16 15:35:25 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261263263 Henry Bergh afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261572703 p 152
    founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty towards ANimals]]>     2018-05-17 13:23:39 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261572703     Enlightenment's Impact #00 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261574226
  • "untamed" animals trained to act like humans
  • Giving animals human traits made them more appealing and comical to an audience
  • animal tricks include walking upright, riding horses, playing instruments, and playing games
  • Bears were given alcohol and guns
  • Pigs were so often used because of their natural similarities to humans: pink skin, omnivorous diet, live with humans
  • "The circus, with humanized animals and animalized humans," p 152
  • why were circus animals trained to act like humans? the Enlightenment.
    • intellectuals were exploring the common origins of all animals
    • discovering animals have emotions, are sentient
    • no longer thought of as "living machines"
    • theory of evolution proved that animals are alike humans in many ways

    • ]]>     2018-05-17 13:26:45 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261574226     circus audience awareness #00 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261580855
  • p 153
  • after the enlightenment, the connections between animals and humans were becoming more apparent
  • theory of evolution clearly shows animals and humans have same origins
  • some audience now sees animals as enslaved humans
  • Animal acts were consistently protested in late 19th century into the 20th
  • Animal welfare organization (ex Jack London Clubs)
    • ]]>     2018-05-17 13:39:21 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261580855     Jack London clubs afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261582546 p 153]]> 2018-05-17 13:42:44 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261582546 basis afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261618820 Circus animals were exploited and abused. Through animal rights organizations and new ideas about nature in society, the industry's cruel acts were protested successfully. ]]> 2018-05-17 15:02:57 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261618820 circus lions 1903 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261620436 2018-05-17 15:06:53 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261620436 Madison Square Garden Circus 1943 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261622168 2018-05-17 15:11:10 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261622168 Training Circus Cats afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261626942 2018-05-17 15:22:05 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261626942 Big Mary afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261628247 Asian elephant lynched in 1916]]> 2018-05-17 15:25:12 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261628247 direct quote from article afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261629983 Ed Stewart, president of Performing Animals Welfare Society, a Galt, Calif., sanctuary for elephants and other former circus beasts, said he thought of Big Mary when Ringling Bros. announced last week that it would stop using elephants by 2017.
    "She's an example of why we should never have put these animals in such unnatural situations in the first place," Stewart told The Justice Story. "This elephant was simply acting like an elephant. They are inherently dangerous, and I don't blame her for what happened. I blame those who put her in the circus. It's their fault."

    ]]>     2018-05-17 15:29:17 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261629983     article notes afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261630925
  • tried as a human
  • handler that was killed  had no circus experience but was assigned to control a huge elephant only 36 hours after joining the circus
  • tennessee
  • small, not mainstream circus named Charlie Sparks

    • ]]>     2018-05-17 15:31:33 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261630925     Animal Welfare Act afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261633828 overview]]> 2018-05-17 15:37:44 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261633828 Animal Welfare Act afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261634975 document]]> 2018-05-17 15:40:33 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261634975 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261640737 "The Town That Hanged An Elephant". 2014. Mail Online. Accessed May 17 2018. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2559840/The-town-hanged-elephant-A-chilling-photo-macabre-story-murder-revenge.html.]]> 2018-05-17 15:53:46 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/261640737 intro paragraph afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/262720708 The American circus has passed through it's golden age, and now rests at death's door.  As most Americans are familiar with, the almost barbaric, pompous form of entertainment features great beasts of animals, human oddities, specialty performers, and clowns. In a constantly evolving nation, it was only a matter of time before the industry collapsed. Not only was there the emergence of accessible, captivating technology stealing away the public's attention, but also a wave of awareness: organizations popped up whose main goal was to terminate the circus' animal acts through exposing the industry's inhuman treatment of their animal entertainers. The circus' marvelous, jubilant facade was washed away after animal rights activists stepped in. These justice and compassion focused organizations served the American circus industry its final blow.]]> 2018-05-22 14:57:51 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/262720708 counterargument afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/262721695 Eliminating animal acts is detrimental to the already dying industry, so animal acts should continue, to put human needs above animals'.]]> 2018-05-22 15:00:01 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/262721695 thesis afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/262721978 the inhuman exploitation of circus animals in the 20th century painted a cruel picture of the circus and therefore contributed to the industry's decline]]> 2018-05-22 15:00:40 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/262721978 dying industry afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263380900 "Is The American Circus Industry Extinct Or Will It Rise From The Ashes?". 2014. Huffpost. Accessed May 24 2018. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/preetam-kaushik/american-circus-industry_b_4600380.html.]]> 2018-05-24 15:08:43 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263380900 ringling afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263383925 Passy, Charles. 2018. "Ringling Bros. Shutdown: The End Of The Circus Industry?". WSJ. Accessed May 24 2018. https://www.wsj.com/articles/ringling-bros-shutdown-the-end-of-the-circus-industry-1484530116.]]> 2018-05-24 15:17:03 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263383925 animal defenders international afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263385174 "A Summary Of ADI Activity Over The Years". 2018. Animal Defenders International. Accessed May 24 2018. http://www.ad-international.org/about_us/go.php?id=2765&ssi=39.]]> 2018-05-24 15:20:24 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263385174 Body Paragraph 1: US circus history prior to the 20th century afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263387109 The circus that Americans are familiar with today originated in Europe, arriving in the US in 1790.]]> 2018-05-24 15:25:13 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263387109 Body Paragraph 2: 20th century circus background unrelated to animals afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263387543 The American circus industry entered its Golden Age in 1910.]]> 2018-05-24 15:26:18 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263387543 Body Paragraph 3: 20th century animal acts overview afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263388193 2018-05-24 15:28:05 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263388193 Body Paragraph 4: Mary the elephant afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263388373 Perhaps the most unbelievable of the circus animal horror stories is that of Big Mary.]]> 2018-05-24 15:28:35 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263388373 Body Paragraph 5: ringling bros animal acts afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263388954 The Ringling Bros. circus depended on their animals in order to stay relevant.]]> 2018-05-24 15:30:20 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263388954 Ringling Bros background & reign #01 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263391341
  • took advantage of Barnum and Bailey's absence during their Euro tour
  • created by 7 brothers from WI
  • started 1884 as "Old Yankee Robinson and Ringling Bros. Double Show, Museum, and Hippodrome", but later shortened to "Ringling Bros. Circus"
  • took over the circus market in B & B's absence
  • competed w B&B once they returned in 1902
  • after creators of B&B died, Bailey's widow sold the circus to Ringling Bros in 1907
  • combined the 2 circuses into one


    • ]]>     2018-05-24 15:37:13 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263391341     animals used/criteria afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263393242 2018-05-24 15:42:38 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263393242 20th century laws concerning animal afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263393423 2018-05-24 15:43:08 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263393423 photos afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263393930 2018-05-24 15:44:13 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263393930 circus cats afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263394335 2018-05-24 15:45:02 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263394335 circus elephants afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263394380 2018-05-24 15:45:07 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263394380 treatment/care afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263394487 2018-05-24 15:45:24 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263394487 how they were obtained afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263394740 2018-05-24 15:46:01 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263394740 popularity afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263395200 2018-05-24 15:47:01 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263395200 abuse afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263395299 2018-05-24 15:47:15 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263395299 laws afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263396003 2018-05-24 15:48:54 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263396003 public conception afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263396290 2018-05-24 15:49:44 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263396290 photos afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263396404 2018-05-24 15:50:07 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263396404 Body Paragraph 6: animal rights activism afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263396834 2018-05-24 15:51:18 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263396834 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty towards Animals afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263397140 2018-05-24 15:52:10 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263397140 new laws afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263397917 Pratte’s analysis of the animal welfare in Ringling Bros Circus was based off of the The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal Welfare Act.]]> 2018-05-24 15:54:28 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263397917 conclusion: longterm affect afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263398226 The freshly exposed cruelties of the American circus has demolished the industry. The tide of public opinion on animal rights has turned; a 2015 poll by the LA Times revealed that 62% of Americans believe animals deserve protection and 32% believe animals should have the same rights as people. Businesses have been forced to change their practices for their consumers’ approval. Industries built on animal abuse can no longer survive in this more aware, compassionate America.]]> 2018-05-24 15:55:30 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263398226 where is the industry now? afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263398379 2018-05-24 15:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263398379 ringling bros buys bailey and barnum afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263399624 2018-05-24 15:59:57 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263399624 early years of US circus notes #01 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263657936
  • circus evolved from horse riding shows in England
  • circus started in US in 1790
  • basic aspects of modern circus:
    • choreographed live production
    • performing animals
    • clown
    • acrobats
  • before full circus came to US, there were exotic animal displays in Philly
    • lion "on display" 1716
    • camel 1721
    • polar bear 1733
  • 1793 first circus in US
    • in philly
    • by John Bill rickets
    • clown named "Mr. Donald"
    • featured horse riding
    • acrobats
  • early 19th century circus industry standards
    • traveling troupes
    • acrobats
    • clowns
    • exotic animals

    • ]]>     2018-05-25 14:40:46 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263657936     19th century US circus notes #01 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263661890
  • entertainment in tents idea 
    • allowed longer circus seasons
    • allowed to perform outside cities
    • became iconic "Big Top"
    • 1825
  • adding humans to animal acts
    • 1833
  • popularity growing as circuses traveled more
  • clowns were most popular, became icons

    • ]]>     2018-05-25 14:56:26 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263661890     P.T. Barnum history #01 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263663275
  • start 1841
  • Barnum's american museum
    • chinese jugglers
    • serpent charmers
    • glass blowers
    • ventriloquists
    • performing fleas
    • Native American chiefs dancing
    • trained chickens and dogs
    • orangutan
    • "smallest man in world"
  • burnt down 1865
  • Barnum went into politics
  • came out of retirement 
    • after persuasion from former clown turned circus industry businessman Dan Castello
    • Dan Castello Circus used Barnum's money and respected name
  • launched "P.T. Barnum's museum, Menagerie and Circus, International zoological garden, Polytechnic Institue and Hippodrome" in 1871
    • huge success
    • expanded 
  • biggest competitor cooper & bailey circus
    • had first elephant born in US "Columbia"
    • seen as threat
  • Cooper & Bailey merge w Barnum to become Barnum and Bailey's "Greatest Show on Earth"
  • most popular attraction was Jumbo, an african elephant he bought in 1882
    • jumbo killed by freight train 1882
    • mourned
  • left for Europe tour in 1897, which left an opening for Ringling Bros circus to dominate the US circus industry

    • ]]>     2018-05-25 15:02:23 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263663275     current state of the nation #01 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263669208
  • leisure industry emerging
  • gilded age
    • 40 year period
    • 1880-start of WWII
  • new enterprises
    • department stores
    • mail order catalogues
    • national magazines
    • dance halls
    • saloons
    • amusement parks
  • contributed to changing american cultural landscape
  • industry evolves into "railroad circus"
    • ]]>     2018-05-25 15:27:31 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263669208     Golden Age of Circus #01 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263673225
  • 1910-1929
  • dominant source of entertainment in US
    • immensely popular
    • arriving circuses were celebrated with parades
    • the day a circus arrived was like a holiday
  • direct quote from source
    • "Going to the circus in your hometown during its Golden Age would be comparable today to attending the super bowl and the Daytona 500 NASCAR Race on the Fourth of July"
  • impact on US society
    • circus newspaper, radio, telegraph coverage
    • circus lingo adopted into everyday life: "rain or shine", hold your horses", "get the show on the road", "jump on the bandwagon"
    • inspiration to artists and writers
      • bc of ritual, pageantry, brilliance
      • Alexander Caldwell's sculpture
    • ended with WWI and the Wall Street crash in 1929
      • most circuses went out of business
      • ringling bought up failing circuses
      • economic climate had circus industry on hiatus 

    • ]]>     2018-05-25 15:46:06 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263673225     reemerging industry #01 afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263675582
  • 1946
  • ringling descendant took control
  • 70s brought back circus popularity after it had fallen off technology wagon
  • circus evolved into artistic form
    • ]]>     2018-05-25 15:56:52 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/263675582     Feedback nreynolds11 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/264137229 As mentioned in your email, you have a lot of great research here, Ally.   You seem to have decided the topics of each paragraph, however, you have not completed certain components for  this assignment (Introduction, Topic sentences after BP 1, counterargument paragraph, conclusion).

    Thesis: 3/3
    Intro.: 1/4
    Body Parag.: 10/15
    Counter-arg: 2/4
    Conclusion:  1/4
    17/30

    ]]>     2018-05-29 02:51:14 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/264137229     cruelest show on earth afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/264823061 "The Cruelest Show On Earth". 2018. Mother Jones. Accessed May 31 2018. https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2011/10/ringling-bros-elephant-abuse/.]]> 2018-05-31 15:48:37 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/264823061 cruelest show on earth afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/264823646 "Wild Animals Do Not Belong In The Cruelest Show On Earth". 2011. Huffpost. Accessed May 31 2018. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/marc-bekoff/wild-animals-do-not-belon_b_1081479.html.]]> 2018-05-31 15:50:42 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/264823646 COUNTERARGUMENT afreitag2020 https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/265644968 Eliminating animal acts is detrimental to the already dying industry, so animal acts should continue, to put human needs above animals'.However, people left without jobs can recover; dead animals can’t. Regardless if one believes human lives are more valuable than animal lives, physically and psychologically suffering beings should be prioritized over temporarily unemployment citizens. 

    ]]>     2018-06-05 13:56:30 UTC https://padlet.com/afreitag2020/qlsqlam29ut7/wish/265644968