British English & Australian English by NUR EIMAN HAZIQ NORRISAM https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3 EIC453: e-Portfolio. Prepared by Eiman Haziq & Sara Umairah en-us 2022-05-09 13:31:12 UTC 2022-05-17 15:16:50 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f310.png NUR EIMAN HAZIQ BIN NORRISAM 2021899514 https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2175713831 (2021899514)]]> 2022-05-09 13:35:27 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2175713831 SARA UMAIRAH BINTI NORAZIZI hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2176329054 (2021816856)
LG2432B]]> 2022-05-09 19:25:15 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2176329054 Phonemic Variation hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2176340891 Glottal Stop

British English is the language that normally speakers from the England that is part of the United Kingdom would make a stop sound by rapidly closing the vocal cords.  In "Authority in Language" (2012), James and Lesley Milroy point out that the glottal stop appears in limited phonetic contexts. For example, in many dialects of English it can be heard as a variant of the /t/ sound between vowels and at the ends of words, such as metal, Latin, bought, and cut (but not ten, take, stop, or left). The use of the glottal stop in place of another sound is called glottalling.

As we know the glottal stops can be made often in the English language. However it is rarely to be noticed as they would not make any differences from the meaning of the English words. To be exact, the audio from the speaker made a glottal stop while saying the word "bottle".  In the speech, the speaker pronounced the word "bottles" as "botles". The local cords stopped as the glottis closing.



]]> 2022-05-09 19:33:27 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2176340891 Prosodic Variation hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2176341669 For the British English, the stress pattern has a big impact to the language to differentiate between languages. English language has variable stress. The phonetics has the stressing of the syllable in speech. There are a few stress patterns that are main stress, secondary stress and also unstressed sounds. As an example, for the word 'par/ty' pronounced by the speaker. As we can see, the speaker stressed the first syllable. ]]> 2022-05-09 19:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2176341669 hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2176346199 Introduction
  • United Kingdom (England)
  • Australia
     
Demographic of Speakers

Background on the English History in The United Kingdom

Background on the English History in Australia

Analysis of variations for British and Australian English
  • Phonemic Variation
  • Prosodic Variation
  • Lexical Variation

Reflection & Conclusion

References

Personal Written Reflection
  • Nur Eiman Haziq bin Norrisam
  • Sara Umairah binti Norazizi
]]> 2022-05-09 19:37:21 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2176346199 United Kingdom / Britain 2021899514 https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2177257110 Capital city: London
National Regions : 

  • England
  • Wales
  • Northern Island
  • Scotland


    Regions:  

  • London
  • North East 
  • North West
  • Yorkshire
  • East Midlands
  • West Midlands
  • South East
  • South West



]]> 2022-05-10 09:02:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2177257110 Australia hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2177420300 Australia (Commonwealth of Australia)

  • Capital: Canberra
  • Smallest continent
  • Located between the Pacific and Indian Oceans
  • English as their official language
  • Religions: Christianity, Buddhism, Islam
  • Currency: Australian dollar (AUD)

Australia - Land. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica.
]]> 2022-05-10 11:28:23 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2177420300 hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2177461299 Population

  • The current population of Australia is 26,046,859
  • Australia ranks number 55 in the list of countries by population.
  • The total land area is 7,682,300 Km2 (2,966,151 sq. miles)
  • The median age in Australia is 37.9 years

Australia Population (2022) - Worldometer. (n.d.). Worldometers.Info.
]]> 2022-05-10 12:01:36 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2177461299 2021899514 https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2179176869 Population:  As for the year 2022, the sum of population of people in united Kingdom are roughly 68.5 million people. From this total of population, 98% of the people are speaking British English that makes it as the national language for the homeland. They were also accents that are similar to the British English such as Scots, Welsh, Scottish, Irish and Cornish. 

https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Kingdom



]]> 2022-05-11 10:20:09 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2179176869 Australian English (AusE) hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2179436206
  • Following the arrival of European settlers in 1788, the beginnings of the Australian accent developed over time.
  • Settlers from various linguistic groups and regional dialect areas across England came to Australia.
  • Native-born white Australians were said to have a distinct accent and vocabulary, but with a significant Cockney influence.
  • This type of mixing of dialects is referred to as koineization, which involves wide-scale levelling of mutually intelligible dialects
  • A greater wave of immigration, coming from the first Australian gold rushes in the 1850s, also had a major impact on Australian English, including a huge number of people who spoke English as a second language.

    • Wilson, G. (2015, March 16). The story behind “Australian English”: why we talk the way we do. ABC News.

    AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH | Encyclopedia.com. (n.d.). Encyclopedia.Com.
    ]]>     2022-05-11 13:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2179436206     Laurenade 2021899514 https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185166864 Lauren started to become well known to the YouTube community after she started to make vlogs posted on her account. 

    Her originality is from the United Kingdom and currently living in Seoul due to work purposes. She uses the Cortney accent as the way she speaks.

    https://www.youtube.com/c/Laurenade/featured ]]>     2022-05-16 05:43:01 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185166864     SARA UMAIRAH BINTI NORAZIZI hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185194574 2022-05-16 06:12:46 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185194574 "THERE ARE FOUR BOTTLES OF WATER" hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185837805 2022-05-16 14:36:38 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185837805 British English (BrE) 2021899514 https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185884837 Old English
    • Originated in 449 AD, by the arrival on British Islands of Germanic tribes that are the Saxons, the Angles and the Jutes. Referred as the Denmark and Germany today.
    • By this arrival, the inhabitants of the British Isles have spoken ancient Celtic.
    • Ancient Celtic is a language whose contemporary variations still exist in a few places around Britain. 
    • After the local moved to the north, Englisc is the language spoken by the Angle tribe. It started to spread across the south of Britain around the time 700-1000 AD. 
    • From that the Old English's was written: Beowulf.
    • Beowulf is the longest poem in old English and narrates the story of the fights between Beowulf and thrilling monsters Grendel, Grendel's mother and a dragon.
    Middle English
    • The following years of 1150 to 1500, is known as the 'Middle English'. William invaded Normandy and brought French (around 10,000 Words) words that were blended with Germanic language.
    • The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer and the first English cookery book known as The Forme of Cury (The Form of the Cookery) were both written in Middle English, between 1300 and 1400 AD. 
    Late Middle English
    • Year 1430, official documetns appeared in English. The english language emerges with the London dialect known as Chancery Standard.
    • The uniform language had been accepted throughout England with the first transciption of the bible at the year 1535 and the beginning of Modern English
    Early Modern English
    • Formed during late 15th century and through to the mid-to-late of 17th century. James I began to influence the language was both spoken and written in the UK, also for Middle Scots in Scotland. It is also known as Shakespearean English, as He is the tongue of the country's most important writer. 
    Late Modern English
    • Beginning of the 16th century, British Empire started its process of enlargement.
    • For the 19th century, the empire was going through the changing era that came up with a great outcome on the language. 
    • From the Industrial Revolution upgraded the English words by introducing words to describe new technologies. 

    https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/articles/the-development-of-the-british-english-language/

    ]]>     2022-05-16 15:00:58 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185884837     "IT'S A PITY THAT I CAN'T GO TO THE PARTY" hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185902456 2022-05-16 15:11:22 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185902456 "CAN I ASK WHERE THE HOSPITAL IS?" hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185910690 2022-05-16 15:16:16 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2185910690 NUR EIMAN HAZIQ BIN NORRISAM 2021899514 https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2186137359 2022-05-16 17:29:00 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2186137359 Grace hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2186173484 Australian English speaker, currently staying in South Korea. 

    Owns a Youtube channel with her Korean partner called The Aaron's Family. 

    Also appears on the World Friends Youtube channel as an Australian English speaker.]]>     2022-05-16 17:51:02 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2186173484     Rhotic and Non- rhotic 2021899514 https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187430960 British English also has been familiar with the rhotic and non-rhotic sound. These are the varieties of English whether the word uses the /r/ sound or not.  It is a silent letter as the British English uses the /r/ sound without pronouncing it.  Native speakers have began to silent the /r/ since decades until today. However, if the /r/ letter comes after the vowel then there will be the /r/ sound pronounced.  As an example from the speaker's pronunciation, She had stressed the /r/ sound as the /r/ letter comes after the vowel of /e/. To be precise, the word "water" tends to be stressed by the the word '-er'. ]]> 2022-05-17 11:22:22 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187430960 Phonemic Variations hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187524955 Flapping

    In the Australian English audio, the speaker softens the /t/ in the middle of the words "bottles" and "water". This feature is called flapping where when the “t” sound is flapped, it’ll sound a lot more like a soft /d/ sound.

    Therefore “bottles” /ˈbɒt(ə)l/ may at times sound like “bodle” /ˈbɒdl/ and "water" sounds like "wo-da" /ˈwɔdə/. When native speakers flap the “t” it usually results in a vowel change at the end of the word.

    Non-rhoticity

    Australian English is non-rhotic; in other words, the /ɹ/ sound does not appear at the end of a syllable or immediately before a consonant. A final /ə/ is pronounced as lowered [a] in most speakers (this should not be interpreted as a phoneme /a/, as it can only appear in closed syllables), or [ə] for some. So the words "water" /ˈwɔːtɚ/, "party "/ˈpɑːrti/ and "four" [ˈfɔːr] will not contain the /ɹ/ sound.

    ]]>     2022-05-17 12:35:26 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187524955     Lexical Variation 2021899514 https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187683729 The lexical variation in English can be observed. They are the difference in words and phrases. It is also with the comparison of the way English language is spoken in different places. As an example, for British English

    As for a few examples, from the word British we could see they would say french fries. As for the Australian English, they would eventually say hot chips. Furthermore, the British English call it sneakers while the Australian English calls it as runners

    British English -> Australian English

    French fries  | frentʃ fraɪz | -> Hot chips | ˈhɒt tʃɪps |

    Sneakers | ˈsniːkəz |-> Runners | ˈrʌnəz |


    ]]>     2022-05-17 14:05:31 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187683729     hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187718478 2022-05-17 14:23:33 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187718478 hiara https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187795085 2022-05-17 15:04:47 UTC https://padlet.com/2021899514/qlghnmyapj6lb6f3/wish/2187795085