Economically weak - the government has deficits and must tax

Politically weak - the government is ineffective and cannot enforce policy; inept ruler

Intellectual desert old regime - reformers speak out against the government 

Class Antagonism - there is a conflict between the old regime and new forces within the state

Financial breakdown

Symbolic actions/ Dramatic Events - rallying point against the old regime; government protests increase

Role of force - the government cannot repress the rebellion 

Dual Sovereignty - there is a better organized and obeyed government

Moderates Attain Power - e.g. make a new constitution; fight a war

Radicals Take Control (coup d’etat) - small number of devoted, disciplined radicals govern

War (civil and foreign)

Centralization of Power in a Revolutionary Council Dominated by a Strong Man

Forced conformity or punishment 

Slow, Uneven Return to Quieter Timers - first convalescence from the fever of revolution

Moderates Rule (again) - new norms established between different factions 

Aggressive Nationalism

Resolution - implement intended change

The main cause of the financial breakdown was caused by the social problems among the overall population and too much power.

Emperor Wilhelm abandoned his throne and left the country.

The Germans had an idea to fight against the British, they were denied but persisted and the Germans led an uprising in the naval parts of Wilhelmshaven.

The Social Democratic Party of Germany created an allegiance with the German supreme command.

after this allegiance was formed they caused a revolt activating military and militias, after leaving the country completely pacified.

The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the revolutionaries did not hand power to the sovereignty-style councils because the SPD opposed their opinion on something stronger.

The Germans declared war on the Russian Empire on August 1, 1914.

August Bebel said if they were to fight against Russia he would " shoulder the gun" as he says Russia is "the enemy of all culture and all the suppressed"

As the war continued more and more people died, leading to a huge decrease in population.

After World War ll, Germany began to recover from the destruction that was caused. Their economy and politics were reconstructed and reformed, (improved currency, and encouraged foreign investment) they also attempted to reconcile with other countries.

The adoption of the Weimar Constitution took place to establish separation of powers, freedom of speech and assembly, and universal suffrage.

The rise of Freikorps was a key example of aggressive nationalism, causing political instability and violent acts towards left-wing groups + minority communities.

The establishment of the Weimar Republic, made to support political and social reforms.

After WWI, Germany was strained of their resources, therefore straining their economy. The economic difficulties were large factors in social/political instability during this period.

German government was attempting to maintain power and influence, but confusion and disorder took over the public.

Public criticized the lack of openness and innovation of the old regime, therefore caused a shift in new ideas and encouragement of a more diverse culture.

The working class was determined to challenge the already established social and/or economic order. They demanded better working conditions, higher wages, and fair distribution of resources.