It's about making medicines using plants or animals, the process of genetically modifying plants and animals so that they produce substances which may be used as pharmaceuticals.

This field aims to produce high-value medicinal compounds in a more efficient and cost-effective way than traditional methods.

https://www.britannica.com/science/pharming

Animals, typically mammals like goats, cows, rabbits, and sheep, are genetically engineered to produce therapeutic proteins in their milk or blood.

This is done by inserting genes coding for specific medicinal proteins into the DNA of these animals.

Protein harvest

Once the animals are genetically modified, they begin producing the therapeutic protein as a part of their biological processes

Applications

The proteins harvested from these animals are used in the treatment of a variety of conditions, including genetic disorders, blood diseases, and immune deficiencies.

https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/science/pharming#:~:text=In%20pharming%2C%20these%20genetically%20modified,and%20then%20collected%20and%20purified.

Similar to animals, plants are genetically altered to produce pharmaceuticals. This can involve inserting genes into common crops like tobacco, rice, or potatoes, which then produce medicinal proteins or compounds.

Advantages

Plant-based systems can be more cost-effective and scalable compared to traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing methods. They also reduce the risk of contamination with animal pathogens.

Applications

Pharming in plants has been explored for producing vaccines, antibodies, and enzymes.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24579993/

Arguments/facts:

• Definition and Purpose of Pharming

• Gene Pharming Process

• Production of Medicinal Proteins

• Feasibility and Simplicity of the Technique

• Development and Testing of Transgenic Animals

• Sustainability and Reproduction

Dialogue:

I find interesting and complex this text. it is difficult to understand but the topic is really interesting even dough I am not really in favor with this practics.

Summary:

"Pharming for Farmaceuticals" is about a special way of using farming to make medicine. Scientists change the DNA of animals like cows, goats, and rabbits to make them produce medicines in their milk, eggs, or blood. This is done by adding new DNA to the animal's cells. They start with one cell, like a fertilized egg, and put the new DNA in it. This way, the new DNA is in every cell of the animal as it grows.

Farm animals are good for making medicines because they can make big amounts of these special proteins in their milk. This is safer and easier than making medicines in labs. An interesting example is making spider silk from goat milk. This silk is very strong and can be used for things like bulletproof vests.

But pharming can be tricky and has some problems. Sometimes the new DNA can go to the wrong place and hurt the animal. Also, making these special animals is hard and doesn't always work. Many try but only a few succeed. This makes people wonder if it's right to use animals this way, especially when it costs a lot of money and can be hard on the animals. Each time scientists try to make a medicine this way, they have to think carefully about whether the good things about it are worth the problems it might cause.

University of Utah (2023, may 25) Animal pharming

Retrived from:

_{https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/science/pharming#:~:text=In%20pharming%2C%20these%20genetically%20modified,and%20then%20collected%20and%20purified.}

discusses a novel approach in biotechnology where farming is utilized for pharmaceutical purposes.

Arguments/Facts

• Pharming as a Promising Method

• Achievements and Milestones

• Challenges and Delays

• Future Outlook and Optimism

• Need for Broader Acceptance

• Potential for Growth

Dialogue

I find this text with interesant points that coaxes you into believing what it says

Summary

Talks about, tenetically modified animals and plants to produce pharmaceutical substances, highlighting its emergence as a cost-effective and efficient method for biopharmaceutical production since the 1980s. A key milestone in pharming's development was the 2006 approval a therapeutic product made from the milk of transgenic livestock, marking a significant achievement in the field.

Schnieke, A. (2009) Springer link

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-85843-0_3

Main Idea:

The text discusses pharming, the genetic engineering of plants and animals to produce pharmaceuticals.

Arguments/Facts:

• Genetically engineered plants and animals are cheap for making medicines.

• Pharming makes a lot of medicine with just a few modified organisms.

• It helps make medicine quickly, which is important during emergencies.

• Examples include Tracy, a sheep with human enzyme, and Polly, a sheep for hemophilia.

• Goats making medicine (like antithrombin) got approval for use.

Dialogue:

I think This is a very complet text but in is a bit boaring to read. In has interesting points though.

Summary:

The text introduces pharming as the genetic engineering of plants and animals for pharmaceutical production. It emphasizes the advantages, including cost-effectiveness, scalability, and rapid production. Specific examples of successful pharming projects, such as Tracy and Polly the sheep, are mentioned. Despite the benefits, the text acknowledges the controversy surrounding safety concerns associated with pharmed agents and their production.

APA style:

Kara Rogers, december 29, 2023. Britanica.

https://www.britannica.com/science/pharming

The main idea of the text is that virus-based pharmaceutical production in plants represents a promising opportunity to address health problems in Africa.

Arguments/Facts:

• African countries face tough health challenges from diseases like HIV and malaria.

• Medicines are costly, and getting them to people is hard.

• Plant-made medicines can help:

  • They're easy to make, cheaper, and can go anywhere.

  • We can make a lot of them.

• Using plant virus methods:

  • Makes plant medicines better.

  • Helps with diseases in poorer countries.

• Europe and America know a lot about plant medicine, but Africa is learning.

• People in Africa are getting interested and making progress with plant medicines.

Dialogue:

It has a lot of knowledge and it it helpfull to understand What is happening in África and also helps you understand the topic.

Summary:

The text underscores the health challenges faced by developing African countries and proposes plant-made therapeutics, utilizing plant virus expression vectors, as a viable solution. It outlines the advantages of plant-based production, including cost-effectiveness and scalability, and discusses the potential of plant-made pharmaceuticals to counteract diseases that were previously inaccessible. The article acknowledges the current limitations in adopting this technology in the developing world but expresses optimism about ongoing efforts to make viral amplicons in Africa.

APA style:

Virol J. 2019; 16: 167. National library of medicine.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6937724/

The main idea of the text is that plant molecular pharming is a specialized technology with significant potential for manufacturing pharmaceutical products.

Arguments/Facts:

• Plant molecular pharming: specialized for pharmaceutical production

• Ideal for unconventional drugs not suitable for traditional methods

• Focus on unique glycan structures or challenging substances

• Adaptable for both small and large-scale production

• Relevant in emergencies like pandemics and bioterrorism

• Suitable for personalized medicines, large-scale production, and emergencies

• Impact expected to grow with standardized and optimized technology, adopting GMP standards.

Dialogue:

It is very hard to understand and very tiring, but the information is correct so it works well.

Summary:

The text introduces and discusses the concept of plant molecular pharming as a specialized technology for manufacturing pharmaceutical products. It emphasizes its suitability for addressing challenges in the production of drugs related to chronic and infectious diseases. The article explores the specific areas where molecular pharming can have a significant impact, discusses market dynamics favoring its use, and highlights its potential applications in various scenarios. The text concludes by suggesting that the adoption of molecular pharming, combined with adherence to quality standards, could provide economic opportunities for producing affordable medicines in regional markets.

APA style:

Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2014 February 24, 2014. Plumed.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24579993/

https://www.ipl.org/essay/Gm-Food-Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Essay-PKNSS9NFC4D6

• Ethical Concerns

• Environmental Risks

• Cross-Contamination

• Regulatory and Safety Challenges

• Public Acceptance

Dialogue:

It discusses about interesting facts and makes you rethink what is happening and see, above all, the bad side.

Arguments/facts:

Pharming offers a modern way to make medicines, but it's important to deal with its problems for it to be ethically, environmentally, and socially accepted.

Summary:

Pharming introduces new ways to make medicines using GM animals and plants, but it comes with problems. There are worries about ethics, harming the environment, mixing GM crops with regular ones, rules being hard to follow, and people not trusting it. It's important to take care of animals, protect nature, keep our food safe, and earn people's trust to make pharming work well.

Abad Liñan J (20 June 2007) El Pais

https://elpais.com/diario/2007/06/20/futuro/1182290401_850215.html#

https://www.ipl.org/essay/Gm-Food-Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Essay-PKNSS9NFC4D6

Arguments / facts

• Different plants, including rice and flax, are mentioned as potential hosts for pharming.

• The application of pharming in mammals includes expression in the milk of animals such as cows, sheep, or goats.

• The text mentions that some drug products and nutrients produced through pharming may be delivered directly by consuming the modified plants or animal products, such as milk.

• Expression of pharmaceuticals in the milk of mammals is presented as a common application of pharming.

• The text mentions the use of Arabidopsis as a model organism for studying expression in plants.

Dialogue: I think it is a good website where it is well explained and it is well devided into the sections for plants and animals

Summary: Pharming, a fusion of "farming" and "pharmaceutical," utilizes genetic engineering to insert genes for pharmaceuticals into animals or plants, This approach offers a potentially cost-effective means for producing crucial medications, including vaccines and insulin. Pharming allows for diverse delivery methods, including consuming modified plants or animal products for direct drug intake. Pharming in mammals often involves expressing pharmaceuticals in milk, with cloning technology used for replication. Pharming in plants utilizes model organisms like Arabidopsis for expression studies, with production in various crops such as rice, maize, or tobacco.

Reference:https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Pharming_%28genetics%29.html#google_vignette