https://padlet.com/lflcabrera/qh53crp7z76h Luis Felipe Lara Cabrera Email: lflcabrera@gmail.com en-us 2018-08-22 15:15:46 UTC 2018-10-10 15:36:26 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/217264534/c124eadf04d943591947cf87addd8100/tacos.webp lflcabrera https://padlet.com/lflcabrera/qh53crp7z76h/wish/274608168 in these ege the mexican fronter was decide and at the same time more of the ancien civilications grow like the mayas the olmecas and the toltecas for example the mayas was know to have an mathematic siystem that predic the growth of their corps next that the spanish come after that cristobal colon discover america and the spanish come to take more territorri and too they bring their religon and their beliefs and make our ancestors belive in those beliefs

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 Abstention An option for Member States during substantive votes. Member States may abstain only if they are “Present” during formal roll call. To abstain means a State is formally counted, but does not vote in favor of or against a substantive motion. Abstentions do not affect the result of voting, as the final total only considers votes for and against the motion. Example: A draft resolution that received 30 votes in favor, 10 votes against, and 40 abstentions would pass because it the votes in favor outnumber the votes against. Adjournment of Debate Ends debate on a topic, and on all draft resolutions for that topic, without voting on any proposed draft resolutions. A motion for reconsideration can reopen debate on this topic. Adjournment of the Meeting Ends the meeting until the next conference. Appeal of the Chair A motion to challenge the decision of the Chair on a specific NMUN rule. Chair Person who is in charge of leading the committee’s formal debate in accordance with the NMUN Rules of Procedure. Dais A raised platform or table at the front of the room where the Director and Assistant Director, as well as the Chair and/or Rapporteur(s), are seated. Often, the term “the Dais” is also utilized to refer to these individuals collectively. Decorum Overall respect for the formal committee process and speakers. Deputy SecretaryGeneral (DSG) Member of the NMUN Secretariat. Chief substantive officer of the conference. Dilatory A motion is dilatory if it may obstruct or delay the will of the committee (e.g. motions to suspend the meeting proposed immediately after several previous suspension motions failed). Draft Resolution A working paper that has been accepted by the Dais and is discussed and voted on by the body. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) The principal organ of the UN responsible for the economic and social work of the organization. Explanation of Vote Allows a sponsor of a draft resolution to explain why they voted against the draft resolution, after it had been amended or changed by a division of the question. Functional Commissions Functional commissions are established pursuant to Article 68 of the Charter of the United Nations and report to the Economic and Social Council. They are also considered a subsidiary organ/body. Examples include the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) and the Commission on Narcotic 🤬 (CND). Friendly Amendments Amendments proposed by ALL the sponsors of a draft resolution. Once approved by the Dais, these amendments are automatically incorporated. 3 General Assembly The main deliberative organ of the UN system, comprised of all Member States of the UN. Inter-Agency Coordination Mechanisms On thematic issues that cut across the work of many UN programs, funds, and agencies, an inter-agency coordination mechanism will often be established. These mechanisms are an essential source for information on these thematic issues, as they represent the work of the entire UN system. Examples include UNWater and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Majority Vote A threshold at which many motions pass. A motion passes with a simple majority vote if more people vote yes than vote no (in the case of substantive votes, ignoring abstentions). Tie votes fail. Member State A country that is a Member of the United Nations, having been granted membership by the General Assembly based upon the Security Council’s recommendation. Model United Nations (MUN) Educational conferences that simulate the purpose and practices of the UN. Motion A request to do something during formal debate; motions are voted on by the body. Procedural motions: all Member States and Observers of the committee vote. Substantive motions: only Member States vote. Motion Out of Order An invalid (non-NMUN) motion or a motion used at an incorrect time during the conference. National Model United Nations (NMUN) An experiential education program in which groups of students are organized as delegations and represent Member States, Observer States, and nongovernmental organizations. Non-governmental organization (NGO) NGOs, also known as civil society organizations or CSOs, are nonprofit groups independent from governments. Normally organized around specific issues, NGOs deliver a variety of public and humanitarian services. Observer Non-Member State or organization granted status to participate in deliberations. Observers may not sponsor resolutions or vote on substantive matters, but they may act as a signatory and must vote on procedural matters. Operative Clause Information is given about what action the body believes should be taken. Point of Order Corrects an error in procedure and refers to an NMUN-specific rule. Preambular Clause Sets up the historical context and cites relevant international law or policies for a resolution, which justifies future action. Present Attendance status that establishes a delegation as present in the committee, with the opportunity to abstain during substantive votes. Present and Voting Attendance status that establishes a delegation as present in the committee without the opportunity to abstain during substantive votes; delegations must vote “yes” or “no.” Principal Organs Principal organs are established pursuant to the Charter of the United Nations. There are six principal organs of the UN: the General Assembly (Art. 9), the Security Council (Art. 23), the Economic and Social Council (Art. 61), the Trusteeship Council (Art. 86), the International Court of Justice (Art. 92), and the Secretariat (Art. 97). Each organ maintains its own area of responsibility from 4 international peace and security (Security Council) to human rights and economic affairs (ECOSOC). The only organ that is currently inactive is the Trusteeship Council. Procedural Vote A vote that takes place on a motion before the body; all delegations present must vote. Programmes and Funds Programmes and Funds are established pursuant to Article 22 of the Charter of the United Nations in order to meet needs not envisaged in the founding of the UN, such as addressing the needs of Palestinian refugees, development assistance, food aid, or the environment. They are subordinate to the UN, immediately controlled by distinct intergovernmental bodies, and financed through voluntary contributions rather than assessed contributions. Proposal In the NMUN Rules of Procedure, “proposal” means any working paper, draft resolution, an amendment thereto, or a portion of a draft resolution divided out by motion. Quorum A minimum of one-third of the members of the body, based on the total number of Member States attending the first session. Rapporteur Person responsible for maintaining the speakers list, order of the resolutions on the floor, verifying vote counts, and other administrative matters. Reconsideration Reopens debate on a topic that was previously adjourned (ended without a substantive vote), including any draft resolutions segments on the floor for that topic. Regional Commissions Regional commissions are established pursuant to Article 68 of the Charter of the United Nations and report to the Economic and Social Council. They are also considered a subsidiary organ/body. Examples include the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). Related Organizations Related organizations are not officially part of the UN, but their support and cooperation are outlined by special arrangement. Related organizations all have their own separate members, governing bodies, executive heads, and secretariats. Research and Training Institutes The various research and training institutes were established by the General Assembly to perform independent research and training. The UN Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) is an example of this type of entity. Right of Reply Response to comments that have disparaged the sovereign integrity of a delegate’s state. Secretariat The Directors, Assistant Directors, Conference Services staff, Under-SecretariesGeneral, Assistant Secretaries-General, Chiefs of Staff, and Assistant Chiefs of Staff are designates and agents of the Secretary-General and Deputy SecretaryGeneral, and they are collectively referred to as the “Secretariat.” Secretary-General Member of the NMUN Secretariat. Chief logistics officer of the conference. Security Council The Security Council is the primary organ of the UN mandated to maintain international peace and security. Signatories Member States or Observers who are interested in bringing a working paper forward for consideration. A combination of sponsors and signatories equal to 5 20% of the committee membership on the first night or a minimum of five— whichever is greater—is required for all working papers to come forward for consideration. Specialized Agencies Specialized agencies are established pursuant to Articles 57 and 63 of the Charter of the United Nations. There are currently more than 14 specialized agencies that have an agreement with the UN that work under the auspices of ECOSOC. Each agency has a separate function it carries out on behalf of the UN; they have their own principles, goals, and rules. In addition, they control their own budgets and have their own governance structure. Sponsors Member States who created the content of a working paper and will be most responsible for ensuring that it will be voted on as a draft resolution. A combination of sponsors and signatories equal to 20% of the committee membership on the first night or a minimum of five—whichever is greater—is required for all working papers to become draft resolutions. There must be at least one sponsor. Subsidiary Organs Subsidiary organs (or bodies) are established pursuant to Articles 22 and 29 of the Charter of the United Nations. A subsidiary body falls under the purview of the principal UN organ it reports to and was created by (the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, or the Security Council). The subsidiary bodies fluctuate in number from year to year, according to the changing requirements of the main organ concerned. Both the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council, for instance, often create subsidiary bodies to assist them in new fields of concern and dissolve others. Examples include the Human Rights Council (HRC) and the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat). Substantive Vote Votes taken during voting procedure to accept a draft resolution, an unfriendly amendment, and/or the annex to a draft resolution (division of the question); results are disclosed after counting by the Dais. Suspension of the Meeting Informal debate for a brief period of time. Often incorrectly referred to as “caucusing.” Delegates do not need to state a purpose for suspending the meeting. United Nations (UN) An intergovernmental organization established in 1945, designed to promote international cooperation. United Nations Bibliographic Information System (UNBISNET) This source lists all UN documents archived by the UN Dag Hammarskjöld Library and includes landmark UN documents, resolutions of UN bodies, meeting and voting records, and press releases. United Nations Official Documents System (UNODS) A database provided by the UN System, covering all types of official UN documentation after 1993. United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) The UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination is the longest-standing and highest-level coordination forum of the UN system. While not a policymaking body, the CEB supports and reinforces the coordinating role of intergovernmental bodies of the UN system on social, economic, and related matters. Most importantly, the CEB facilitates the UN system's collective response to global challenges, such as climate change and the global financial crisis. ]]> 2018-10-10 15:34:54 UTC https://padlet.com/lflcabrera/qh53crp7z76h/wish/291312660