Redness and flushing: Persistent redness on the central part of the face, especially the cheeks, nose, and forehead.

Visible blood vessels: Small blood vessels (telangiectasia) may become visible under the skin.

Acne-like breakouts: Pimples and pustules that resemble acne may appear, often without blackheads.

Eye irritation: Rosacea can affect the eyes, leading to dryness, irritation, and redness (ocular rosacea).

Thickening of the skin: In severe cases, the skin may become thicker, especially around the nose, leading to rhinophyma (enlargement of the nose).

Genetics: A family history of rosacea increases the likelihood of developing the condition.

Environmental triggers: Sun exposure, stress, hot or cold weather, spicy foods, alcohol, and hot beverages can all trigger or worsen rosacea.

Immune system dysfunction: An overactive immune response can contribute to the development of rosacea.

Microorganisms: The presence of Demodex mites (tiny skin organisms) may play a role in triggering rosacea flare-ups in some individuals.

Physical exam: A doctor diagnoses rosacea based on its characteristic symptoms (persistent redness, acne-like breakouts, and visible blood vessels).

Medical history: The doctor will ask about personal and family medical history, including any known triggers for the condition.

Ocular examination: If eye symptoms are present, a specialist may examine the eyes to confirm ocular rosacea.

Topical medications: Prescription creams and gels (such as metronidazole or azelaic acid) can reduce redness and pimples.

Oral medications: Antibiotics like doxycycline or tetracycline may be prescribed for severe cases to reduce inflammation.

Laser therapy: Lasers can target and reduce visible blood vessels.

Lifestyle modifications: Avoiding triggers, such as sun exposure, extreme temperatures, and spicy foods, can help prevent flare-ups.

Eye care: For ocular rosacea, lubricating eye drops and proper eyelid hygiene may be recommended.