https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/the-us-endangered-species-act
- Samantha Londe

https://www.history.com/topics/us-government/national-park-service 

 

The main purpose of NEPA is to assure that all branches of government give proper consideration to the environment before enacting any changes which would have a significant effect on the environment.

b. Marjorie was part of the Garden Club and had a leadership position. She worked to initiate the Payne Prairie Wildlife refuge which became part of the Florida state parks system. She was a part of Florida Defenders of the Environment and raised money for projects such as creating the Environmental Service Center. 

c.She fits into the Humans alter natural Earth systems and Environmental problems and issues have a social and cultural context part of APES. 

Her studies focused on limnology, which is the study of freshwater. Regarding her occupation, Ruth worked as a botanist.
During her studies she discovered that biodiversity with streams and freshwaters, depends on the health of the stream (the Ruth Patrick Principle). Not only did Ruth focus on research, but she also helped others have a further understanding about water pollution and how it doesn’t only affect the water, but it also affects the contents within the water. 
Within our study of APES, Ruth fits within the category "Earth is a diverse interconnected system that is affected by ecological processes". Regarding our units, it relates to Land and Water Use as well as, Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution.

Jane Goodall was born in Bournemouth, England on April 3, 1934, she spent a lot of her time outdoors with animals. Jane was unable to afford college after graduation but got accepted into South Kensington, since a child she had a dream of going to Africa and living among the animals and learning from them. In 1957 she got on ship called the Kenya Castle and went to Africa to stay with a friend.  While there she was able to interact with the environment and began to study chimpanzees and their interactions with each other an the terrain, years later Jane wrote a book on her studies that was published by the National Geographic which ended receiving multiple rewards. This fits into the biodiversity aspect of Apes.

- Milan Nelson

b. It was passed by Congress and set goals, created mandates, and amended utility laws to encourage clean energy use and improve energy efficiency within the United States.
The Act not only provides loan guarantees for businesses that develop or use innovative technologies that avoid the by-production of greenhouse gases, but also encourages clean practices by increasing the amount of biofuel that must be mixed with gasoline sold in the United States.

https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-bill/776

In our class, we consider how sustainable practices can help further human survival. Carson advocated for increased reforms and highlighted the beauty of nature, encouraging others to appreciate and help protect it. 

https://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol

He went on to work as a residential forester where he and some assisted partners explored forest areas for forest reserves, and he ended up becoming the chief of the Division of Forestry. He led many organizations to fight for the protection, health and conservation of forests. His constant activism and motivation for the preservation of American Forests soon allowed him to earn the title of the “father” of American conservation.

https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/senate-bill/21

In 1905, he published a novel, The Jungle, intended to create sympathy for the exploited and poorly treated immigrant workers in the meatpacking industry, and instead exposed the horrific practices of processing meats in the meatpacking industry. This sparked widespread public indignation at the low quality of and impurities in processed meats and thus helped bring about the passage of federal food-inspection laws. 
He addresses the sustainable practices that are now put in place in our society with food inspection laws which is part of our course description in APES.

Thomas Malthus 
(1766-1834) (Economist, Cleric, Jesus College, Cambridge, ) has a hallowed place in the history of biology, despite the fact that he and his contemporaries thought of him not as a biologist but as a political economist. Malthus grew up during a time of revolutions and new philosophies about human nature. He chose a conservative path, taking holy orders in 1797, and began to write essays attacking the notion that humans and society could be improved without limits.

Malthus’ most famous work, which he published in 1798, was An Essay on the Principle of Population as it affects the Future Improvement of Society. In it, Malthus raised doubts about whether a nation could ever reach a point where laws would no longer be required, and in which everyone lived prosperously and harmoniously. There was, he argued, a built-in agony to human existence, in that the growth of a population will always outrun its ability to feed itself. If every couple raised four children, the population could easily double in twenty-five years, and from then on, it would keep doubling. It would rise not arithmetically—by factors of three, four, five, and so on—but geometrically—by factors of four, eight, and sixteen. (evolution.berkeley.edu/the-history-of-evolutionary-thought/pre-1800/the-ecology-of-human-populations-thomas-malthus)

Malthus stated that the population grows through geometric progression. The geometric progression is an order of numbers (excluding zero) wherein each number after the first is multiplied by the previous one by a fixed number (excluding zero) called the common ratio. For example, 2,4,8,16 is a geometric progression with 2 being the common ratio.

According to him, resource production increases by arithmetic progression. An arithmetic progression is an order of numbers in which the difference between the consecutive numbers is the same. For example, 3,6,9 is an arithmetic progression with the common difference being 3.

From this, Malthus concluded that population growth will be faster than resource production. The growth can lead to a reduction in the food supply.

His principle of population growth has impacted in the study of rapid population growth and it's relationship with natural resource production and distribution, sociology, agronomy, ecology, biology and zoology, and his works and views influenced the thoughts and works of Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin and their biological theories. Debates over his principle have influenced public policy in sex education, reproductive planning and government aid policies for large lower class families. 

Malthus fits into APES because his views led to more conversations and studies of human population growth and its relationship with other species' population variations, its relationship with societal changes, and ecosystem feedback loops and variables by biologists, economists and mathematicians such as Paul Ehrlich, Kenneth Arrow and others.

Source: (evolution.berkeley.edu/the-history-of-evolutionary-thought/pre-1800/the-ecology-of-human-populations-thomas-malthus)