u9 research by XU Zhang

Bilbao the city

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The city is one of the biggest cities in Spain.
Near the North Atlantic
Nickname: The hole(el botxo) Because of the topography.

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screenshot google map 1st Oct

Why "the hole"

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“The lookout of Artxanda offers the best views of the city of Bilbao. From there, you can see the Old Town, the Guggenheim Museum, the Iberdrola tower and all the hills that surround the city. Looking down from this point, it is easy to understand why the Bilbainos call their city the “botxo” (hole).”
Eusko Guide (2021) Top 5 Things to Do in Bilbao. Available at: https://www.euskoguide.com/spain/bilbao/things-to-do/ (Accessed: 1 October 2021).

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FloodMap (2020) Elevation of Bilbao, Spain Elevation Map, Topo, Contour. Available at: https://www.floodmap.net/Elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=3128026 (Accessed: 1 October 2021).

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The Site

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My Garment

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fish scales

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Fish scales. [Photography]. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Retrieved 4 Oct 2021, from
https://quest.eb.com/search/132_1316463/1/132_1316463/cite

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circular cities regenerative(再生)

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By 2050 two thirds of us will live in cities, consuming 75% of the world’s natural resources, producing 50% of global waste and over 60% of greenhouse gas emissions.
到2050年，我们三分之二的人口将生活在城市，消耗世界上75% 的自然资源，产生50% 的全球垃圾和超过60% 的温室气体排放。

Developments in circular manufacturing, fashion, transport, food and procurement are already being led from urban areas. Now is the time to take full advantage of the wealth of opportunities in cities to create a system that can work long-term for the economy, society, and the environment.
循环制造、时尚、运输、食品和采购等领域的发展已经从城市地区开始。现在是时候充分利用城市中的大量机会，创建一个能够长期为经济、社会和环境发挥作用的体系了。

Use our resources and examples to find out how we can re-imagine cities as vibrant systems that operate public services more efficiently, improve how buildings are used, re-imagine city transport and more.
运用我们的资源和例子，找出我们如何能够将城市重新想象为充满活力的系统，更有效地运作公共服务，改善建筑物的使用，重新想象城市交通等等。

https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/topics/cities/overview accessed: 06/10/21

木 workshop

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https://miro.com/app/board/o9J_lttapNo=/

Week 1

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European pilchard(=Sardine)

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The European pilchard is a small to medium-sized, somewhat elongated, herring-like fish. The origin of the pelvic fins is well behind that of the dorsal fin, and the last two soft rays on the anal fin are larger than the remainder. The upper parts are green or olive, the flanks are golden and the belly is silvery.^[3]欧洲沙丁鱼是一种小型到中型，有点拉长，类似鲱鱼的鱼。腹鳍的起源远远落后于背鳍，臀鳍上的最后两条软鳍比其余部分大。上部为绿色或橄榄色，侧面为金色，腹部为银色。[3]

In the Mediterranean, the European pilchard moves offshore in the autumn, preferring the deeper cooler waters and constant salinity out at sea to the variable temperatures and salinities of inshore waters.
在地中海地区，欧洲沙丁鱼在秋季离岸迁移，相对于近海水域变化的温度和盐度，它们更喜欢较深的凉水和恒定的海水盐度。
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/European_pilchard(Accessed:07/10/21)

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https://www.reed.edu/beyond-reed/worksdays/posts/2016/psf-sense-of-place-in-spain,-el-botxo.html(Accessed:07/10/21)

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因为很早的Bilbao是重工业城市，所以标志性的工厂屋顶（锯齿形）也被大量保留了下来，包括好多reused建筑像是超市也保留了这些屋顶。“clear pattern in this city”

quote from meeting with IED in 7th Oct

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multiple usages of reused industrial buildings for markets, bars and cafes.

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学校以前以前是造纸工厂（EI EDIFICIO PAPELERA, The papermill building built-in 1958 for Taibo industries, was the location of the Nervión papermill from 1995-2017. Since the academic year 2020-2021, it is the location of the IED Kunsthal Bilbao. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=323&v=ktQSSJSnp7o&feature=emb_logo) Accessed:08/10/21）

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-07 23:44:16 UTC

the school work with isd in Zorrotzaurre
https://www.kunsthal.es/

Example: 德国鲁尔 Ruhr, Germany

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产煤老工业区，现在把工业遗迹改造成了工业遗址公园

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Inspiration

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What if deconstract a map rather than a garment?

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Clothes and products
Keywords: regeneration, re-creation

服装和产品关键词: 再生，再创造

https://www.dezeen.com/2010/10/05/132-5-by-issey-miyake/

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One of the many goals that the Reality Lab. shares is to search for and develop materials that do not depend on fossil fuels. One of the fruits of their research has been PET, a material generated by Teijin Limited from chemical recycling by pulverizing, melting and “spinning” threads out of polyethylene terephthalate. This is the polyester fiber used to make all “132 5. ISSEY MIYAKE” clothing.
现实实验室的众多目标之一。股份是寻找和开发不依赖化石燃料的材料。他们的研究成果之一就是 PET，这种材料是帝人有限公司通过化学回收利用从聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯中制成的粉碎、熔化和“纺丝”线程生成的。这是用来制造1325的聚酯纤维。”ISSEY MIYAKE”服装。

Using this revolutionary recycled material (fibers), the Reality Lab. came up with original ideas by which to further improve the fibers to yield more comfortable clothes. This work was done in conjunction with the textile-producing factories that have long been associated with ISSEY MIYAKE’s work.
使用这种革命性的回收材料(纤维) ，现实实验室。提出了进一步改善纤维以使衣服更舒适的原创想法。这项工作是与长期与 ISSEY MIYAKE 工作联系在一起的纺织厂合作完成的。

Teijin Limited, a leading producer of polyester fibers made from chemical recycling, has begun a resource recycling system called “Eco-Circle”. The system is truly the first of its kind: recovered polyester fabric items can be broken down at the molecular level and reprocessed into highly-pure raw materials over and over. The resulting materials do not fall in quality or degrade even after repeated processing, and compared to making new polyester materials from petroleum, the process is touted to reduce energy consumption and CO₂ emissions by about 80 percent. By using PET to create products, “132 5. ISSEY MIYAKE” plans to join “Eco-Circle”.
帝人有限公司，领先的聚酯纤维生产商从化学回收，已经开始一个资源回收系统称为“生态圈”。该系统确实是同类产品中的第一个: 回收的涤纶织物可以在分子水平上进行分解，然后反复再加工成高纯度的原料。产生的材料质量不会下降，即使经过反复处理也不会降低，而且与用石油制造新的聚酯材料相比，这种工艺被吹捧为能源消耗和二氧化碳排放减少了80% 。利用 PET 制造产品，“1325。ISSEY MIYAKE 」计划加入「生态圈」。

https://www.dezeen.com/2010/10/05/132-5-by-issey-miyake/ Accessed: 12/10/21

floding workshop in North London

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-12 19:11:55 UTC

polyester is the best material for folding
silk for high-end fashion: difficult to clean & maintain
Leather will work(supple one 软的), the plastic leather works very well
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dv79rcgZBOw accessed: 12/10/21

week 3 TUE Toturial

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-12 20:45:13 UTC

I realize geology does not suit for digging deep. So I go back to the garment, try to explore the aspect that I did not develop before.

Then I find out the pleating of the garment is one of the big points I picked it up. And Shibboleth mentions that Issey Miyake is good at using folding fabric.
And another point is about the RIVER I pointed out in my mapping experiment. Compare with mountains, the water flow is the real thing I want to emphasize（强调）.
The form of the garment is like organic things like fish scales, the contrast between fully polyester and creatures of nature is a quite good entry point.

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https://www.zaha-hadid.com/masterplans/zorrozaurre-masterplan/(accessed 12/10/21)

the reason of booming industrial in Bilbao

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The location was chosen for the iron mineral resources around Bilbao, the proximity to a sea port, and the metallurgical tradition of the area. After the Spanish Civil War, the industry of Basque Country was left basically intact. This proved to be an attractive feature that drew many people during Spain's rural exodus. The business was thus one of the major forces responsible for the economic development of many of the municipalities of Biscay, including Barakaldo, Sestao, Portugalete, Ortuella, and Abanto y Ciérvana.
选择这个地点是因为毕尔巴鄂附近的铁矿资源丰富，靠近海港，以及该地区的冶金传统。西班牙内战后，巴斯克地区的工业基本保持完整。事实证明，这是一个吸引人的特点，吸引了许多人在西班牙的农村出走。因此，比斯开的许多城市，包括巴拉卡尔多、塞斯陶、 Portugalete、奥图埃拉、阿班托和西尔瓦纳，都是经济发展的主要力量之一。

the Spanish Civil War 1936 to 1939
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Altos_Hornos_de_Vizcaya accessed: 13/10/21

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https://www.cimentpleating.com/ accessed 13/10/21

Folding method of issey miyake

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In the late 1980s, he began to experiment with new methods of pleating that would allow both flexibility of movement for the wearer as well as ease of care and production. The garments are cut and sewn first, then sandwiched between layers of paper and fed into a heat press, where they are pleated. The fabric's 'memory' holds the pleats and when the garments are liberated from their paper cocoon, they are ready-to wear. 在20世纪80年代后期，他开始尝试新的褶皱方法，这种褶皱既能让穿戴者灵活移动，又能方便护理和生产。衣服先裁剪和缝制，然后夹在几层纸中间，送入热压机，在那里打褶。织物的“记忆”保存着褶皱，当衣服从纸茧中解放出来时，它们就成了可以穿的衣服。
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Issey_Miyake Accessed 13/10/21

Reconstructive Approach in Early 90s

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urban design studio Balmori Associates

The two typologies we were exploring were linear parks and water management in the public realm.

Linear parks, which I have called the twenty-first century park, are not what we previously called “park,” usually empty land made into a densely planted terrain in the picturesque style. The linear park is also usually abandoned nineteenth century in- frastructure, railroads, canals, etc. in which planting and greenness is engineered in. These parks were planned as a destination to contrast as dramatically as possible with the city itself.

Areso, I., et al. (n.d.). MAS Context Issue 30−31 Bilbao. [online] Available at: https://mascontext.com/pdf/MAS_Context_Issue30_31_BILBAO.pdf [Accessed 13/10/21].

《互惠的景观》

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https://www.routledge.com/Reciprocal-Landscapes-Stories-of-Material-Movements/Hutton/p/book/9781138830684 accessed: 14/10/21

week 2

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Anna Heringer
accessed: 18/10/21

（火）LOs workshop

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https://miro.com/app/board/o9J_lso4vYc=/

dilapidation 破旧，坍塌，倾圮（状态）- city rot

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Christiania, Copenhagen

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an intentional community
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Freetown_Christiania accessed: 19/10/21

week 3

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unintentional changing (urben decay)

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https://www.instagram.com/meminaltan/ accessed 18/10/21

Emin Altan

Photographer, Istanbul

www.eminaltan.com

火 enquiry workshop

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Lecture: Tim Ingold - Making Growing Thinking

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The difference between artefacts and organisms

"properties of functional design or adaptation are common to both organisms and artefacts like tools and buildings."

"All the objects endowed with form and function. There is one class that comes from the application to their constituent materials or forces exterior to the objects themselves; and the other class, the determinants are internal. So the first class are artefacts and the second are organisms."

"The first made by some agency that lies outside them, the second just grow. Artefacts are made and organisms grow."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FptmjWzj6Vw accessed: 13/10/21

Rewilding London: The Walthamstow Wetlands

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http://www.wwmarchitects.co.uk/projects/wetlands
https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/rewilding-london-walthamstow-wetlands-by-kinnear-landscape-architects-and-witherford-watson-mann accessed: 20/10/21

London Wetland Centre

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https://www.jtp.co.uk/projects/london-wetland-centre

Paddington Basin

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https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Paddington_Basin accessed 20/10/21

Regent’s Canal

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https://www.kingscross.co.uk/regents-canal accessed: 20/10/21

rewilding of wetlands

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运河改造

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Little Venice

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https://www.visitlondon.com/things-to-do/place/401228-little-venice

Berlin

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https://www.exberliner.com/features/history/berlins-empty-buildings/ accessed 19/10/21

The Walls of Suzhou Gardens

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How the environment influences built structures. How weather and time have turned blank walls into vivid depictions of nature.
https://www.lars-mueller-publishers.com/walls-suzhou-gardens accessed 19/10/21

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Detroit

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https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5554913/Eerie-images-dilapidated-family-homes-Detroits-abandoned-neighborhood.html accessed: 20/10/21

BUT vivid

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An idea of Stop motion animation

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事物的变化，人工或非人工
http://peternencini.blogspot.com/2014/04/ accessed 19/10/21

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population in bilbao changing

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在持续的降低（全球金融危机）后在2001年后逐渐趋于稳定 350k
Bilbao city story accessed 26/10/21

week 4

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Sid Meier's Civilization VI

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当在原始森林创造伐木场时，如果定量的砍伐，就可以得到持续的收益，但是也可以通过一次性的移除得到一次性的收益。最开始我们往往都会选择建造伐木场来获得持续受益，但是随着城市的扩张，需要更多地土地来建造更多地现代化设施和建筑时，就只能通过移除的方式来得到平整的地块。这些在我玩游戏中得到的体会我认为和现实世界是共通的。
https://www.wingamestore.com/images_screenshots/sid-meiers-civilization-vi-86476.jpg accessed: 26/10/21

Farmington, Minnesota, USA

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drainage
public park
resolves frequent floods
reappeared wildlife

(the exp in MAS Bilbao)
http://www.balmori.com/portfolio/prairie-waterway-stormwater-park accessed: 26/10/21

How to resolve frequent flood?

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link to Unit 10?

How does nature affect the common architectural materials?

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Biodegrade (Biodegradation) 生物降解
Degradation 分解

concrete （forzen water makes - crack (from Lucy）(sulphur degrades concrete(from Derran))
brick
steel (oxidation)
timber

material lecture frame timber 27/10

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-27 13:41:45 UTC

Dendrochronology:
the scientific method of dating trees + timber
The age of a tree can be determined by counting the growth rings but you can also determine when the tree was alive and where it grew in the world by comparing the pattern of the growth rings with the database of aged tree samples.

树木年代学：
树木+木材的科学测年方法
一棵树的年龄可以通过计算年轮来确定，但您也可以通过将年轮的模式与老树样本数据库进行比较来确定这棵树何时活着以及它在世界上的哪个地方生长。

Soil conditions at a specific location in Zorrotzaurre

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-28 00:08:21 UTC

https://miro.com/app/board/o9J_lnG6h-g=/?invite_link_id=786681399554 accessed 27/10/21

《华夏意匠》Cathay's Idea: Design Theory of Chinese Classical Architecture

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-30 15:10:23 UTC

This book compares ancient Chinese architecture with Western architecture in one chapter. The author believes that the East and the West have different views on architecture. "Since the age of the pyramids, Westerners have regarded buildings as a permanent memento" On the contrary, the Chinese "no matter whether the house or the whole city is old, destroyed, or no longer suitable for the requirements of the time, they will all be abandoned and rebuilt." Ji Cheng, a gardener from the Ming Dynasty in China, wrote a book on gardening techniques called "Yuanzhi". He believed that the life span of people and things were not commensurate. Things can be passed down to thousands of years, but life is only a hundred years old. He thinks that the environment we have created is adequate for the number of years we expect to be used. "People pass by from generation to generation, and houses change from generation to generation".
这本书在其中一章比较了古代的中国建筑和西方建筑。作者认为东方和西方对待建筑的看法有所不同。“从金字塔时代开始，西方人就把建筑物看做是一件永久性的纪念品”。相反的，中国人则“无论房屋还是整个城市，古旧了，破坏了，或者已经不再适合当时的要求了，就会全部抛弃重新建造”。中国明代的造园学家计成，写了一本有关造园技术的著作叫做《园治》，他认为人和物的寿命是不相称的。物可传至千年，而人生不过百岁。他认为我们所创造的环境和预计自己可使用的年限相适应遍足够了。人一代一代地过去，房屋也一代一代地交替。
15/11/21

On the humanistic thought of Chinese ancient architecture and the god-based thought of western ancient architecture.
Human-centered: wooden structures, buildings that collapsed with the death of people.
God-based: made for God, try to pursue eternity, stone structure, hundreds of thousands of years
关于中国古建筑的人本思想和西方古建筑的神本思想。
人本：木造结构，以人的死亡而坍塌的建筑物。
神本：为神而造，尽量追求永恒，石结构，上百上千年
accessed 30/10/21

建筑的寿命

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-30 15:13:53 UTC

On the 29th, I talked to Yifei about the product life:

Should the product life be considered when it is produced?
If an item has only a two-year lifespan when it is produced, does it not constitute waste when the item itself is decomposed?
是否产品在生产时就应考虑到年限？
如果物品在生产时就只有两年的寿命，那是否在物品本身分解时没有构成浪费？

incredible short product life

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-30 16:07:16 UTC

ADITAL ELA: The small cup for Chai in India has made of clay: Tossing into the ground and becoming a part of the earth when finish drinking.
accessed 30/10/21

condition of demolishment in Zorrotzaurre

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-30 16:38:44 UTC

Factories: Steel frame and Profiled steel plate as rooftop(guess) → easy to rust and degrade

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-10-30 16:54:33 UTC

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bl7xv2NBKoE accessed 30/10/21

week 5

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 12:52:43 UTC

organic building materials

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:45:30 UTC

"fibre" in nature is so strong and flexible
accessed 1/11/21

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xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:48:42 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:48:45 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:49:10 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:49:15 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:49:31 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:49:36 UTC

How is the age effact the material?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:54:07 UTC

How to represent different surfaces?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:54:46 UTC

Are the layers work in translucent farbric?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-01 15:55:59 UTC

hand-made bricks start from clay

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-04 21:01:12 UTC

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjTlaBqXjJs
https://royaldocks.london/whats-on/brickfield-newham-hands-on-outdoor-brickmaking-and-short-performance
accessed 04/11/21

exhibition about wasted objects

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-04 21:02:56 UTC

https://designmuseum.org/exhibitions/waste-age-what-can-design-do
accessed: 29/10/21

Holland Park Ecology Centre

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-04 22:03:44 UTC

https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/environment/holland-park-ecology-centre/environment/holland-park-ecology-centre/about-holland-park-ecology-centre accessed 04/11/21

04/11 talk with Lucy

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-05 20:20:53 UTC

concrete will crack by rain. When rainwater enters the cracks in the concrete,
1. the rainwater will corrod the rebar(steel frame)
2. the expanded rainwater ice will propagate cracks inside the concrete

from Bilbao wiki

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-05 22:17:58 UTC

毕尔巴鄂带来了海洋气候（Cfb），全年都有降水，没有明确界定的干燥夏天。降水量充足，鉴于纬度和大气动力学，雨天占年总降雨量的45%，阴天占40%。（雨水多还不常被晒干会使材料更容易氧化；但是相对的光和热降解较少）

（运河的挖掘最初是为了更笔直的航行路线，最后还剩400米挖通的时候突然决定还是做码头（为什么？）。
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Bilbao#/Urban_planning accessed 05/11/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-05 22:18:41 UTC

（挖通运河为了避免洪水风险）
https://web.archive.org/web/20080222005436/http://www.deia.com/es/digital/bizkaia/2007/10/05/406282.php accessed 05-11-21

首次开挖运河的新闻

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-05 22:53:23 UTC

之前研究了两种可能性。一、当前通道的整改；另一种是创造一个新的。第一个元河流地形泥泞，河底厚重淤泥；水道狭窄，拓宽就需要完全拆除 Ribera 建筑物。第二种解决方案包括切入 Deusto 平原，宽敞且易于施工；避开Olabeaga 和 Elorrieta 弯道；空地较多，土地便宜；获得两条新的停泊线。最后因为最后400米未完成而变成了港口，有效缓解了当地港口的饱和问题。
http://www.bilbao.eus/bld/handle/123456789/16482?rd=003123689139632312 accessed 05/11/21 (bilbao城市资料库) accessed 05/11/21
http://www.bilbao.eus/bld/bitstream/handle/123456789/16482/pag35.pdf?sequence=1&rd=003123591546436363

Bilbao土壤构成

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-06 11:57:30 UTC

The soil is predominantly composed of mesozoic materials (limestone, sandstone, and marl) sedimented over a primitive paleozoicbase.
GÓMEZ PIÑEIRO, F. J. (1979). Geografia de Euskal Herria. Donostia, Luis Haranburu.

https://www.worldcat.org/title/geografia-de-euskal-herria/oclc/802673028 accessed 06/11/21

MAS context 有日期 2017

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-06 16:33:53 UTC

https://www.metalocus.es/en/news/bilbao-mas-context-issue-30-31 accessed 06/11/21

1842-2011的Bilbao人口普查

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-06 17:05:30 UTC

https://www.ine.es/intercensal/intercensal.do?search=1&cmbTipoBusq=0&textoMunicipio=Bilbao
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Demograf%C3%ADa_Bilbao_%28España%29.PNG?1636218361477
accessed：06/11/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-09 15:16:07 UTC

https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/112108150/pdf/PPTs/MTS_13_m.pdf accessed 4/11/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-09 15:29:26 UTC

Regardless of whether it is a sustainable material, it is more about the creation of the material, rather than the destruction of the material.

Case Study: The disappearance of materials 材料的消融

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-09 17:22:42 UTC

https://www.riseart.com/guide/2280/art-exhibitions-olafur-eliasson-s-ice-watch-at-tate-modern-rise-art-review 9/11/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-09 17:26:24 UTC

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJQYSPFo7hk accessed: 09/11/21

Case study: Buildings that have returned to the soil

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-09 21:28:24 UTC

关于回归土壤的建筑物，Jade提到她老家山东农村的住宅是用泥土和稻草做成的土砖和稻草编织的屋顶来搭建。编织的稻草屋顶会随着几场大雨而烂掉，这样人们会在旧屋顶上面覆盖新的稻草屋顶。不被居住的土坯房会被大雨自然冲刷，不需要多久就会回归泥土。

Adobe House

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-09 21:30:10 UTC

“土坯房.墙的内外材料用的都是泥土，成墙方法主要有两种：一是做好墙脚后（一般以石为墙脚）用木做的模具，置于上面，放入泥土模具内人工分段分层夯实成墙。二是手工做的土砖，（多指没经烧制的土砖）砌墙而成的房子。一般会选择粘土作为墙体材料，另外还会填充部分加筋材料，例如杉木的木纤维，狗尾草，稻草秸秆等，皆为当地易得的材料，这些加精材料可以较大的提高墙体的抗弯抗剪能力。

原文網址：https://kknews.cc/agriculture/69ybb9p.html”
accessed：09/11/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-10 01:56:09 UTC

虽然这件装置艺术的主题是让观看者了解全球变暖和冰川消融

natural building material - cob

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-10 02:04:09 UTC

sculptural
fluid
曲线比直线stronger

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWuHQOvNRDw
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cob_(material)
accessed 09/11/21

week 6

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-10 14:12:02 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-10 15:01:16 UTC

How to maintain this house?
Is this type of house needs to be rebuilt each several years?
Will the wall collapse when no one maintains it for a while? How long it will take between the last maintains to the collapse?
Is this house afraid of heavy rains?
What does the roof make from? Is the roof strong?
How to bear the weight when building the second floor?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-10 15:18:41 UTC

10/11/21 Darren gave me some suggesion to my draft

a UK company for cob house

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-10 19:04:04 UTC

https://www.buildsomethingbeautiful.co.uk/ accessed: 10/11/21

"The Water Sensitive City" John Wiley & Sons

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-10 19:13:31 UTC

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ual/reader.action?docID=4426764&ppg=113 accessed 20/10/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-10 21:25:56 UTC

土壤学

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-13 12:38:38 UTC

大块岩石，水渗透和风力（物理原因），结成冰，碎块，更碎，沙子，更细粉末+微生物（可以自行固定空气中的氮）矿物质（土壤中磷钾需要植物根系吸收，植物死亡再回归土壤）→变肥沃→长植物→根系存水=现在意义的泥土
*植物是重点，（土壤中的）水，阳光，空气，矿物质，温度

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-13 13:49:03 UTC

https://www.wikiwand.com/zh/%E6%9D%B0%E5%86%85%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA
accessed 13/11/21

Rammed earth building 夯土建筑

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-15 17:51:41 UTC

https://www.artdesign.org.cn/article/view/id/45766 accessed 13/11/21

Entropy & arrow of time

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-15 23:53:50 UTC

https://www.wikiwand.com/zh/%E7%86%B5#/%E9%9D%9E%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%86%B5
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Arrow_of_time
accessed 15/11/21

Architecture & Entropy

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-15 23:55:38 UTC

https://futurearchitectureplatform.org/projects/dcbe8a55-fce2-47f5-9b37-074ceb8e36d3/ accessed 15/11/21

Case Study of Entropy: UNFINISHED

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-15 23:58:02 UTC

http://unfinished.es/obras/C03.pdf accessed:15/11/21

Why? Was it luck or by measured intention?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:18:50 UTC

I found that these artificial surfaces must be waterproof to meet human needs, and this feature is seriously inconsistent with natural surfaces. I want to point out this point on the map so that viewers can understand the conflict and harm.
我发现这些人工表面为了满足人类的需要都要做到防水，而且这个特性是和大自然的表面严重不符的。我想在地图中指出这个观点从而让观看者了解这之中的冲突和危害。

What did you do? Did you plan or go straight into it?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:20:55 UTC

I tried to use stitches and opaque cloth to represent the impervious surface, but because I said that the translucent cloth on the natural surface is not suitable for sewing, it is difficult to progress. Then I found that translucent cloth pieces of various colours can express different plots in small pieces, but it is still difficult to stitch together. Using glue will leave marks. After that, I thought of spray paint. Using opaque pigments and stencils to paint on the translucent cloth surface, did produce the water-proof and artificial and natural-mixed surface effect I wanted.
I go straight into the testing of stencils.
我尝试了用缝线和不透明的布块来表示不透水的表面，但是因为我表示天然表面的半透明布料不适合缝纫，所以很难进展。接着我发现各种颜色的半透明布块可以以小块的方式表现不同的地块，但是依然很难拼接。用胶水会留下痕迹。之后我想到了喷漆，用不透明的颜料用模板喷漆的方式在半透明的布料表面，确实产生了我想要的防水的和人工自然混合的表面的效果。

What was your first thought? Where did it come from?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:23:52 UTC

How did it change whilst you were doing it? (This is critical thinking)

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:24:15 UTC

Then I used Illustrator to make laser cut files. During the production process, I found that it is difficult to distinguish between the real waterproof surface, the removed waterproof surface, and the unfinished waterproof surface using satellite maps alone.
随后我运用illustrator去制作激光切割的文件。在制作过程中我发现单独运用卫星地图很难区分哪里是真正的防水表面，哪里是被拆除的防水表面，哪里是还未拆除完成的防水表面。

How did you evolve your actions as a consequence?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:35:03 UTC

I found it easier to locate the house, through the shadow and the color of the roof. Instead of painting all the impervious surfaces, I decided to paint a house that changes with time. In the beginning (1991), the entire Z island was covered with houses, so almost the entire island was artificial surface. But as the economy and population are degrading, there are more and more vacant houses and factories, more and more buildings are being demolished, and there are fewer and fewer places to be painted on my map.
我发现定位房屋是比较容易的，通过影子和屋顶的颜色。我决定比起喷漆全部的不透水表面，来喷漆根据时间变化的房屋。最开始（1991年），整个Z岛布满了房屋，所以几乎整个岛都是人工表面。但是随着经济和人口的退化，空置的房屋和工厂越来越多，越来越多的房屋被拆除，我的地图上需要喷漆的地方就变得越来越少。

Did this impact other areas of development (Did you need to do more research /enquiry?)

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:36:02 UTC

week 7

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:47:50 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:50:51 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:51:00 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:51:04 UTC

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 11:51:47 UTC

What was your first thought? Where did it come from?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 12:01:56 UTC

At first I found that the terrain of the Bilbao area is very interesting. The narrow city is surrounded by mountains on both sides. And my original clothes also had a lot of folds. So I tried to create the terrain of the Bilbao area by stitching the lowest altitude which is water source.

最开始我发现毕尔巴鄂地区的地形非常有意思，很窄的城市两侧都是高山。而且我最初的服装也带有很多褶皱。所以我尝试了用缝合最低海拔（水源）的方式试图做出了毕尔巴鄂地区的地形。

Why? Was it luck or by measured intention?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 12:18:02 UTC

How did it change whilst you were doing it? (This is critical thinking)

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-16 13:54:27 UTC

Colin proposed that maps made of cloth have more possibilities than ordinary maps. For example, maps can participate in physical activities and use the body as a part of the story of the map, just like clothes. I began to think how can I use my own body to participate in the expression of a part of the map?
Colin提出，布料做出的地图相比于普通的地图有更多的可能性，比如地图可以参与身体的活动，用身体来作为地图故事性的一部分，就像衣服一样。我开始思考如何才能用我自己的身体参与地图的一部分表达？

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-18 02:37:58 UTC

https://www.sohu.com/a/294687812_200508 accessed 17/11/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-18 03:28:46 UTC

https://cool.culturalheritage.org/byauth/clifton/stone/stone2.html accessed 16/11/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-18 03:37:01 UTC

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.17110051# accessed 16/11/21

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-18 03:41:49 UTC

https://artnarchaeology.wordpress.com/roman-concrete/ accessed 17/11/21

week 8

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-22 23:42:20 UTC

Spender House 2018

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-22 23:43:22 UTC

https://emilyrichardson.org.uk/films/spender-house.html
https://vimeo.com/emilyrichardson accessed 22/11/21

'London' 1994 'ROBINSON IN SPACE' 1997

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-22 23:45:10 UTC

https://player.bfi.org.uk/subscription/film/watch-london-1994-online https://mubi.com/films/robinson-in-space accessed22/11

Theano Siarafera

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-23 00:16:38 UTC

https://vimeo.com/130818491 accessed22/11/21

Anna Ulrikke Andersen, 2016

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-23 20:08:41 UTC

https://vimeo.com/339438377 accessed 23/11/21
多重鏡頭同時播放

Organ

xzhang0620182_2 — 2021-11-24 15:11:36 UTC

https://vimeo.com/146490563 accessed 23/11/21
局部细节拍摄

week 9

xzhang0620182_2 — 2022-01-15 02:51:52 UTC

exp. video clips

xzhang0620182_2 — 2022-01-17 18:22:52 UTC

https://vimeo.com/394232651 accessed 15/01

Building from Waste : Recovered Materials in Architecture and Construction

xzhang0620182_2 — 2022-01-17 18:23:58 UTC

https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ual/reader.action?docID=1787136 accessed 12/01

more accurate case study?

xzhang0620182_2 — 2022-01-17 18:27:06 UTC

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20190801-the-massive-mosque-built-once-a-year accessed 15/01

draft feedback by Shibboleth

xzhang0620182_2 — 2022-01-17 18:28:32 UTC

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OjjpS-A9LPEqGwSVY0ZO8_vYedrqz4YYKe1sXq2FDMk/edit?usp=sharing 12/01

week 12

xzhang0620182_2 — 2022-01-18 00:28:53 UTC

u9 research by XU Zhang

Bilbao the city

Why "the hole"

The Site

My Garment

fish scales

circular cities regenerative(再生)

木 workshop

Week 1

European pilchard(=Sardine)

Example: 德国 鲁尔 Ruhr, Germany

Inspiration

floding workshop in North London

week 3 TUE Toturial

the reason of booming industrial in Bilbao

Folding method of issey miyake

Reconstructive Approach in Early 90s

《互惠的景观》

week 2

（火）LOs workshop

dilapidation 破旧，坍塌，倾圮（状态）- city rot

Christiania, Copenhagen

week 3

unintentional changing (urben decay)

Emin Altan

火 enquiry workshop

Lecture: Tim Ingold - Making Growing Thinking

Rewilding London: The Walthamstow Wetlands

London Wetland Centre

Paddington Basin

Regent’s Canal

rewilding of wetlands

运河改造

Little Venice

Berlin

The Walls of Suzhou Gardens

Detroit

BUT vivid

An idea of Stop motion animation

population in bilbao changing

week 4

Sid Meier's Civilization VI

Farmington, Minnesota, USA

How to resolve frequent flood?

How does nature affect the common architectural materials?

material lecture frame timber 27/10

Soil conditions at a specific location in Zorrotzaurre

《华夏意匠》Cathay's Idea: Design Theory of Chinese Classical Architecture

建筑的寿命

incredible short product life

condition of demolishment in Zorrotzaurre

week 5

organic building materials

How is the age effact the material?

How to represent different surfaces?

Are the layers work in translucent farbric?

hand-made bricks start from clay

exhibition about wasted objects

Holland Park Ecology Centre

04/11 talk with Lucy

from Bilbao wiki

首次开挖运河的新闻

Bilbao土壤构成

MAS context 有日期 2017

1842-2011的Bilbao人口普查

Case Study: The disappearance of materials 材料的消融

Case study: Buildings that have returned to the soil

Adobe House

natural building material - cob

week 6

a UK company for cob house

"The Water Sensitive City" John Wiley & Sons

土壤学

Rammed earth building 夯土建筑

Entropy & arrow of time

Architecture & Entropy

Case Study of Entropy: UNFINISHED

Why? Was it luck or by measured intention?

What did you do? Did you plan or go straight into it?

What was your first thought? Where did it come from?

Example: 德国鲁尔 Ruhr, Germany