Exercise 1 (True/False)

1. The initial search for this SLR found 113 relevant papers. (True / False)

2. The study only included papers written in English. (True / False)

3. The PICOS framework was not used in this SLR. (True / False)

4. The conclusion suggests that more research on these techniques is needed. (True / False)

Example:

• Reason for Exclusion: Not related to English pronunciation.

• Number of records excluded: 2

Now, you find the other three main reasons:

1. Reason for Exclusion:

   • Number of records excluded:

2. Reason for Exclusion:

   • Number of records excluded:

3. Reason for Exclusion:

   • Number of records excluded:

Goal: Apply what you've learned to start planning your own SLR.

Instructions: Imagine you want to conduct an SLR on a different topic. Choose a broad topic from the list below (or use your own idea) and use the PICO framework to create a focused research question. You don't need to fill the 'S' for now.

Broad Topic Ideas: The use of AI in education, The effects of social media on mental health, Sustainable business practices, Online learning vs. face-to-face learning.

Your Chosen Broad Topic: _________________________

Now, apply PICO:

• P (Population): _________________________ (Who/what are you studying? Be specific!)

• I (Intervention): _________________________ (What is the main thing you are investigating?)

• C (Comparison): _________________________ (What are you comparing it to?)

• O (Outcome): _________________________ (What is the main result you are looking for?)

Your Draft SLR Research Questions?

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. True

Exercise 2

1. Reason for Exclusion: Published before 2012

   - Number of records excluded: 60

2. Reason for Exclusion: Not written in English or Indonesian

   - Number of records excluded: 2

3. Reason for Exclusion: Not related to poetry and pronunciation topic

   - Number of records excluded: 15

4. Reason for Exclusion: Did not meet inclusion criteria (no clear relationship or outcome)

   - Number of records excluded: 35

Exercise 3

Chosen Broad Topic:
The effects of social media on mental health

• P (Population): Teenagers aged 13–19 who use social media daily

• I (Intervention): Frequent exposure to social media platforms (Instagram, TikTok, X)

• C (Comparison): Teenagers with limited or no social media exposure

• O (Outcome): Levels of anxiety, depression, or self-esteem

Draft SLR Research Question:
“How does frequent social media use affect the mental health and emotional well-being of teenagers?”

True

False

False

True

Exercise 2

1. Reason for Exclusion: Papers not written in English or Indonesian (other languages).

Number of records excluded: 2

2. Reason for Exclusion: Publication year did not meet the inclusion range (published before 2012).

Number of records excluded: 60

3. Reason for Exclusion: Did not match the pronunciation related keywords / outcome (not about the pronunciation outcome)

Number of records excluded: 4

Exercise 3

Chosen Broad Topic: The effects of social media on mental health

P (Population): Teenagers or young adults (ages 13–25)

I (Intervention):Use of social media platforms (Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, Twitter).

C (Comparison): People who use social media less often or do not use it at all.

O (Outcome): Mental health effects such as anxiety, depression, and stress.

Draft SLR Research Question:

How does using social media, compared to using it less or not at all, affect teenagers and young adults mental health, especially their stress and anxiety?

True

False

False

True

Exercise 2

1. Reason for Exclusion: Published before 2012 so its didn't meet the year of publication criteria

- Number of records excluded: 60

2. Reason for Exclusion: Not written in English or Indonesian (other languages)

- Number of records excluded: 2

3. Reason for Exclusion: Not related to poetry and pronounciation topic

- Number of records excluded: 15

Exercise 3

Chosen Broad Topic:

Online learning vs. face-to-face learning

P (Population): Undergraduate university students taking language or communication courses

I (Intervention): Online learning (using virtual classrooms, e-learning platforms, and video-based lessons)

C (Comparison): face-to-face classroom or online learning methods

O (Outcome): Students’ academic performance, engagement, and communication skills development

Draft SLR Research Question:

“How does online learning compare to face-to-face learning in improving academic performance and communication skills among undergraduate university students?”

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. true

Exercise 2

1. Reason of Exclusion: The publication year was published before 2012, so it was out of date.

   Number of records: 60

2. Reason of Exclusion: The study didn’t actually focus on pronunciation or the right target.

   Number of records: 4

3. Reason of Exclusion: Articles included poetic or literary style, which was not relevant.

   Number of records: 10

Exercise 3

Chosen Broad Topic: The use of AI in education

P (Population): Students from vocational high schools aged 15-18

I (Intervention): Using AI to do practice drills and quizzes in class (focusing on AI tools such as ChatGPT and Cici)

C (Comparison): Traditional learning methods

O (Outcome): The development of students' intelligence and skills after using AI as a learning tool.

Draft SLR Research Question: How will the use of AI impact students' skills and the achievements they accomplish if it persists? And what impact will this have on the education system in the decades to come compared to the traditional system?

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. True

EXERCISE 2

1. Reason for Exclusion: Published before 2012

   Number of records excluded: 60

2. Reason of Exclusion: Not related to poetry

   Number of records excluded: 15

3. Reason of Exclusion: Not matching pronunciation inclusion criteria

   Number of records excluded: 4

EXERCISE 3

Chosen Broad Topic: The use of AI in education.

P (Population):
University students and teachers in higher education institutions.

I (Intervention):
Using Artificial Intelligence tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Grammarly, AI tutors) in learning and teaching activities.

C (Comparison):
Traditional learning methods without AI assistance.

O (Outcome):
Improvement in students’ academic performance, engagement, and learning efficiency.

Draft SLR Research Question:

How does the use of AI tools in higher education affect students’ academic performance and learning engagement compared to traditional teaching methods?

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. True

EXERCISE 2

1. Reason for Exclusion: Studies' publication year didn't meet the required range (Published before 2012)

- Number of records excluded: 60

2. Reason for Exclusion: Not contain poetic style

- Number of records excluded: 4

3. Reason for Exclusion: Not contain influence of the pronunciation or poetic style

- Number of records excluded: 6

EXERCISE 3

Chosen Topic: The effects of social media exposure on young adults' mental health

P (Population): Young adults (typically aged 18-25)

I (Intervention): Frequency, duration, and intensity of social media use

C (Comparison): Young adults with limited, minimal, or no social media use

O (Outcome): Levels of depression and anxiety

Draft SLR Research Question: How does social media use relate to depression and anxiety among young adults?