Filariasis by Anas Ahzaruddin https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2 A Parasite Journey en-us 2020-05-08 14:44:22 UTC 2024-05-24 17:40:49 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f41b.png Filariasis: How does it occur? muhamadzarif17 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562062361 Parasitic worm larvae are transmitted to human when an infected female mosquito feeds on human blood.]]> 2020-05-10 03:02:42 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562062361 Life cycle: Mosquito stage - - Human Stages muhamadzarif17 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562074152 2020-05-10 03:36:54 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562074152 Human Stage! muhamadzarif17 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562186588 -Worm larvae are transmitted to human when an infected female mosquito feeds on human blood
-Larvae emerge from the mosquito’s mouth parts onto the person’s skin.
-It penetrate the skin through the bite wound.
- 9 to 14 days: larvae migrate to the lymphatic system and transform into elongated form.
- 6 to 12 months: larvae grow into mature male and female adult worms.
-Mate in the lymphatic vessels and female worms will release MICROFILARIAE.
-MICROFILARIAE will then migrate from the lymphatic system and enter the bloodstream.]]> 2020-05-10 07:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562186588 How to detect microfilariae? nasyiatus https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562191810 1) Blood smear 
  • sample: peripheral blood taken at night (10PM-2AM)
  • result: can see microfilariae at thick blood smear
2) Acridine orange microhematocrit tube technique
  • the tube contains heparin, EDTA and acridine orange
  • result: DNA of parasite is stained by acridine orange. Morphological characteristics can be examined by fluorescent microscopy
3) Diethyl Carbamazine (DEC) provocation test
  • purpose: to induce microfilariae to appear during the day
  • DEC is given in single dose (2mg/kg of body weight)
  • result: microfilariae can be seen after 15-20 mins of DEC intake
]]> 2020-05-10 07:17:29 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562191810 Mosquito Stage! muhamadzarif17 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562194952 -The ingested MICROFILARIAE make their way into the mosquito’s stomach before they migrate into the flight muscles
- Infection (Day 6 to 10), they develop into ‘sausage’ larval stage.
-Infection (Day 11 to 13), the larvae develop into infectious forms.
-Infectious forms then migrate to the mosquito’s mouth parts.
-They are transferred to another human when the mosquito bites]]> 2020-05-10 07:20:39 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562194952 INFECTIVE vs DIAGNOSTIC muhamadzarif17 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562215290 Infective stage - Larvae 
Diagnostic stage - Microfilariae]]> 2020-05-10 07:40:21 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562215290 Detection of the adult worm nasyiatus https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562238383 1) Lymph nodes biopsy
  • result: adult worms can be seen on X-ray examination when they are calcified
]]> 2020-05-10 08:01:09 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562238383 Indirect evidence of filariasis nasyiatus https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562242848 1) Eosinophilia 
2) Serological tests
  • ELISA, IFA, IHA
  • purpose: to detect antibodies of larval antigen
  • useful when microfilariae or antigen cannot be detected
]]> 2020-05-10 08:04:55 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562242848 Filarial antigens detection nasyiatus https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562246330 1) ELISA using monoclonal
  • purpose: to detect antigen in the serum
  • only useful in recent infection
2) ICT filariasis card test 
  • purpose: to detect antigen in patient serum
  • sample: blood collected during day time 

]]> 2020-05-10 08:07:44 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562246330 PCR evidence of filariasis nasyiatus https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562265739
  • purpose: to detect filarial DNA in patient blood
  • sample: peripheral blood
  • result: positive if microfilariae is found, negative in chronic filariasis
    • ]]>     2020-05-10 08:23:19 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562265739     Short notes about Filariasis nasyiatus https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562297225 2020-05-10 08:46:41 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/562297225 LET'S US FIND OUT HOW TO TREAT FILARIASIS! khaulahjamaluddin98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563179950 Hello guys! As we had learned about the filariasis, now, let us identify what we can do to treat and reduce the pain of filariasis.

    BEFORE THAT, we all need to know that the main goals to treat based on CDC is to eliminate microfilariae from blood of infected individuals in order to interrupt transmission of infections by mosquitoes. 



    ]]>     2020-05-10 18:24:13 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563179950     DRUGS USED FOR FILARIASIS khaulahjamaluddin98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563210584
    1) Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
    • Bancroflian Filariasis – 6mg/kg/day for 12 days
    • Brugian Filariasis - 6mg/kg/day for 6 days
    • An antiparasitic drugs against filarial worms
    • Usually it kills the microfilariae and some of the adult worms
    • Side effects are dizziness, nausea, fever, headache, or pain in muscles or joints.
    • Not suitable for onchocerciasis and loiasis

    2) Ivermectin
    • 200 – 300 ug/kg
    • Single dose repeated after two months for 4 years
    • Suitable for onchoceriasis

    3) Albendazole
    • Prevents newly hatched insect larvae (worms) from growing or multiplying in the body

    4) Doxycycline
    • 200mg/day for 4–6 weeks
    • Kill adult worms

    5) Arsenical drugs
    • Preparation against adult worm

    6) Neostibosan
    • chemotherapy drugs of filariasis


    SIDE NOTE!
    Hi guys! Some information that you also need to know. every drugs had it own side effects if it is consumed for a long time. And the side effects of antiparasitic drugs are headache, fever, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, rash or itching (allergic reactions).
    ]]>     2020-05-10 18:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563210584     OTHER TREATMENT khaulahjamaluddin98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563256305
    1) Skin treatment
    • Wash affected area twice daily
    • Put on antibacterial cream

    2) Complex Decongestive Physiotherapy
    • Lymph drainage
    • Massage
    • Compressive bandage

    3) SURGERY
    • Correction of lymphatic defect
    ]]>     2020-05-10 19:11:51 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563256305     PREVENTION khaulahjamaluddin98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563380909 HAVE YOU GUYS EVER WONDERED, HOW CAN WE PREVENT FILARIASIS FROM OCCURRING?

    Now, let's us get to know how to prevent it. As word says "PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE". We can sure getting a treatment but it would not be the same as we used to be. Hence, we need to always take care of our health and prevent from any disease.

    As we all aware and it had been stated in the previous post, the vector of Filariasis  is mosquitoes. So, first and foremost, we need to prevent from getting mosquito bites.

    1) Use insect repellents
    2) Use mosquito net while sleeping
    3) Wear long sleeves t - shirt and long trousers
    4) Avoid black attire


    Then, we need to ensure to prevent the mosquito from breeding which make it increase in number.

    1) Eliminate all the high possibility of mosquito breeding areas. Everyone in the household should take about 10 minutes a day to clean up the surrounding area and make sure that all the possible places are eliminated!
    2) Ensure efficient drainage and sewage.

    HANG IN TIGHT EVERYONE! WE ARE ALMOST DONE. Last but not least, we need to avoid any endemic areas. Besides, the government should be aware and had the endemic are under surveillance.

    GOOD JOB EVERYONE!     You make it till the end! ]]>     2020-05-10 20:31:57 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563380909     VIDEO khaulahjamaluddin98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563413328 HEY GUYS! to make it easier for you to understand and to briefly know what is FILARIASIS, do watch this video! ]]> 2020-05-10 20:56:59 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563413328 VIDEO khaulahjamaluddin98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563419500 2020-05-10 21:01:52 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563419500 What is epidemiology of Filariasis? nazifiyunus98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563819389 Based on World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 120 M people in tropical and subtropical areas of the world are infected with Lymphatic Filariasis.
    • From 120 M, almost 25 M men have genital disease, commonly hydrocele 
    • Then, almost 15 M of people, mostly women have lymphoedema or elephantiasis of the leg
    For the past 13 years, more than 96.71 M cases of filariasis were prevented or cured due to impact of Mass Drug Administration (MDA).
    • For instances, India has done filarial control program by doing MDA over the past several years 
    • The program provides diethylcarbamazine (DEC) as well as albendazole (ABZ) as a treatment for Indians who are living at risk of infection 
    However, about 36 M cases of hydrocele and lymphoedema still remain.
    ]]>     2020-05-11 04:33:04 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563819389     Signs and Symptoms of filariasis nazifiyunus98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563898908 Filariasis infection involves asymptomatic, acute and chronic conditions
    ASYMPTOMATIC
    • The majority of infections are symptomatic whereby showing no external signs of infection although their blood is positive for microfilaria
    • The stage may last for months
    ACUTE
    • Acute episodes of local inflammation involving skin, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels due to immune response to parasite
    • The patients will experience fever, testicular or inguinal pain
    • These signs and symptoms may last for weeks
    CHRONIC
    • Chronic condition shows edema with thickening of skin and underlying tissues
    • It usually affects the lower extremities and it is called as elephantiasis of limbs
    • However, the arms, vulva, breast and scrotum can also be affected
    • the limbs and genital swelling occur due to repeated episodes of inflammation and lymphoedema
    ]]>     2020-05-11 05:59:22 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563898908     Do you know what are the signs and symptoms of Lymphatic Filariasis? nazifiyunus98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563914148 2020-05-11 06:11:08 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563914148 Hye guys! Before we begin to the next subtopic, here is a short video regarding a patient's story of Lymphatic Filariasis. Enjoy! =D nazifiyunus98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563964781 2020-05-11 06:43:55 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/563964781 Lymphatic Filariasis anastreamz98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574090056
    • It is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms known as filarial parasite causing damage to lymphatic system 
    • This disease also known as elephantiasis 
    • It is one of  neglected tropical disease (NTD)
    - NTD     is a group of communicable disease that common in tropical and subtropical country, especially at lower income region of the world

    ]]>     2020-05-15 01:58:29 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574090056     Want to see real Filarioidea nematodes? anastreamz98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574103575 2020-05-15 02:12:04 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574103575 What organism that cause Filariasis? anastreamz98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574105464 • It is cause by parasitic infection from Nematode (roundworm) of family Filarioidea
    • There are 3 types of nematode that can cause this disease which are:
    - Wuchereria bancrofti (most common)
    - Brugia malayi
    - Brugia timori    ]]>     2020-05-15 02:13:58 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574105464     Wuchereria bancrofti anastreamz98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574111654 2020-05-15 02:20:25 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574111654 Brugia timori anastreamz98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574111890 2020-05-15 02:20:41 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574111890 Brugia malayi anastreamz98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574112055 2020-05-15 02:20:53 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574112055 How can it spread? anastreamz98 https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574120060
    - The disease is spread from person to person
    - Mosquitoes which bite an infected person and carry the microfilariae from the infected blood
    - The microfilariae will be absorbed into the mosquito’s body and migrate towards the thoracic muscles
     - After two weeks the parasite mature into infective larvae and start to migrate towards the mosquito’s head and proboscis
    - Ready to be transmitted to another human when the mosquito bites again
    ]]>     2020-05-15 02:29:36 UTC https://padlet.com/anastreamz98/qczqvrpydz4azdw2/wish/574120060