support comprehension.

5a. Explain stated or implied themes, analyzing their development over the course of texts, and the relationship of characters, setting, and plot to those themes.

5b. Analyze how characters are revealed through particular lines of dialogue or events in literary texts.

5c. Analyze how authors structure texts to advance a plot, explaining how each event gives rise to the next or foreshadows a future event.

5d. Analyze how differences in the points of view of the characters and the audience or reader created with dramatic irony result in such effects as suspense or humor.

5e. Relate themes, patterns of events, or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works to contemporary stories, poems, or drama.

pacing, and precise words and phrases, sensory language and transition words to develop the characters, capture the action and convey sequence, and signal shifts from one timeframe or setting to another; and

provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated event(s).

language, content-specific vocabulary, and varied transitions create cohesion and clarify the relationships between and among ideas and concepts.

1a. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.

1b. Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, and conditional mood.

1c. Form and use verbs in the active and passive voice to achieve particular effects.

1d. Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

1e. Expand, combine, or reduce sentences (e.g., adding or deleting modifiers, combining, or breaking up sentences) for meaning, reader/listener interest, and style.

1f. Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.

2a. Use commas, ellipsis, and dashes when writing and reading aloud to indicate a pause, break, or omission.