• Plants need water and sunlight

• Plants make a gas called oxygen. (oxygen = waste product of plants)

• When plants are older, they produce seeds. New plants grow from seeds. 

7 rules of life:

1. Moves

2. Needs water and food

3. Grows

4. Makes waste

5. Needs air

6. Can sense the world around

7. Can have young

• Roots: hold the plant down and get water from the soil
• Stem: holds up the plants and water moves inside the stem
• Flower: make seeds
• Leaf: makes food (in sunlight)

All parts of the plant need water. Without water, the plant will die. 
Roots absorb water from the soil; the water is then moved or transported up the stem to all parts of the plant.

• Warmth
• Water
• Light
• Air

A healthy plant has strong roots, stems, and leaves. An unhealthy plant may have yellow leaves; the plant may wilt.

• Inside each seed: very small root shoot, stem shoot, and food store
• Germination = the growth of seeds
• Seedling = a baby plant

• Too cold: plants' leaves cannot make food; water freezes --> plants cannot use it
• Too hot: no water --> roots, stems and leaves might dry and break

Water travels in very narrow tubes in the main stem (xylem vessels) and goes up to every leaf of the plant 

• Using hands
• Sieving (use a sieve): separates smaller particles (go through the sieve's holes) from larger particles (cannot go through the sieve's holes)
• Magnet: separates magnetic metals from non-magnetic materials.

An insoluble solid in a liquid is a mixture and can be easily separated; a soluble solid in a liquid is still a mixture but is more difficult to separate.

In science, using filter paper, held and supported by a funnel (phễu) is the most popular way. 

• All materials have to be made
• Plastic is made from oil
• Metals are made from rocks in the ground called ores

The metal has to be separated from other materials in the ore to make pure metal.

• Fuels = materials that we burn

Popular fuels like natural gas, crude oil, petrol, and diesel all contain carbon.
Too much CO₂ is making the Earth get warmer, therefore rising the global temperature (global warming).

• A shadow is made when light is blocked by an opaque object. (Light cannot pass through an opaque material. This means that a dark area is made, called a shadow.
• Shadows have no color and are always dark
• Shadows have no details like eyes or mouths

• position
• size
• shape

• Pushes blood around the body
• Made of muscle (cơ) which is strong and can squeeze blood into the tubes called blood vessels (mạch máu)
• A beat = a squeeze of the heart (each beat of the heart pushes blood into and around blood vessels)
• While exercising, the heart beats faster
• You can count your heartbeats (BPM - Beats per minute) by feeling your pulse in your wrist (mạch ở cổ tay). 
• Heart rate = the speed of the heart beating

• There are 2 lungs in the body's chest
• When you breathe in, your chest gets bigger as air is sucked into your lungs (oxygen then moves into your blood). When you breathe out, your chest relaxes as air is moved out.
• While exercising, our bodies need more oxygen. The lungs will need to work harder to take more breaths so that more oxygen is moved into the blood.
• Children take more breaths than adults because their lungs are smaller (need to work harder).

• When we eat, food goes to the stomach and intestines
• The stomach breaks food down 
• The intestines absorb important nutrients from the food (nutrients = things in food that help our bodies to grow and work well)

• Get messages from sense organs, eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose
• From the information collected from the organs, the brain helps us think, talk, write, and move.
• It is better to make your brain work harder. When you get things wrong, if you keep trying, your brain will improve.

• Mammals: warm-blooded, body hair (lông), have babies [động vật có vú]
• Reptiles: cold-blooded, scales (vẩy), lay eggs [bò sát]
• Fish: cold-blooded, gills (mang), scales (vẩy), live in water, lay eggs [cá]
• Birds: warm-blooded, feathers (lông vũ), lay eggs [chim]
• Insects: body in 3 parts, 6 legs, lay eggs [côn trùng]
• Amphibians: live on land and in water, cold-blooded, lay eggs [động vật lưỡng cư]

• Animals start life as an egg or a baby
• When they are adults, animals can make new eggs or babies

• Life cycle of a human: baby-->toddler-->child-->teenager-->adult (repeat again)
• Life cycle of a frog: eggs-->tadpole without legs-->froglet-->adult frog (repeat again)

• change shape
• speed up or slow down
• change direction

• the force that pulls objects towards the Earth
• makes object have weight (weight is another force that you can measure)

• Standard units of length: metres (m), centimeters (cm)
• Standard units of time: minutes (min), seconds (s)
• Standard unit of force: newton (N)

• Magnets have a north pole and a south pole (the north pole is sometimes colored red and the south pole colored blue)
• Magnets can push and pull. This force is called magnetism
• Magnetic materials = materials that are pulled towards a magnet

Opposite poles attract each other; same poles repel each other

• N + N = repel
• S + S = repel
• N + S = attract

• Every object with mass has gravity. The more mass an object has the stronger the gravity. An object's gravity pulls everything towards the centre of the object

• Gibbous Moon [trăng khuyết] = when the Moon is further away from the Sun than Earth, we see lots of the light side and only a little of the dark side
• First quarter Moon (it is a quarter of the way around its orbit) [trăng bán tròn] = when the Moon is the same distance away from the Sun as Earth, we see half of each side 
• Crescent Moon [trăng lưỡi liềm] = when the Moon is closer to the Sun than Earth, we see only a little of the light side and lots of the dark side
• Full Moon [trăng tròn] = when ~no sunlight reaches the Moon
• New Moon [trăng non] = when the Moon blocks nearly all the sunlight