1. Initial phoneme identification treasure box: Students are sent on a treasure hunt within the classroom searching for objects that starts with a specific sound. An example can be the sound of the letter 'T' and saying it as they search for the objects. When the object they think starts with the letter 'T' is found, they put it in the treasure box. Together with the teacher, it is decided if the objects begin with the letter 'T' remain in the treasure box (Shanahan,2005).

2. Phoneme blending- blending I spy: This activity students can adapt in various ways depending on their ages. The teacher begins saying, I spy a h-a-t, what did I spy? A hat! (95PercentGroup, 2023). 

1. Display pictures of various animals or foods. Provide students with sticky notes that has letters on them. Allow students to attach letter sticky notes to the pictures whose name starts with the letter.

2. Provide each student with a card with an uppercase and lowercase letter (the limit will be a total of 6 letters). Instructions will be given based on those letters: “Simon says, if you’re holding a lowercase ‘C’ touch your ear! (Savvas, 2024).

1. Crossword puzzles are efficient when enhancing the students vocabulary and. Critical thinking skills. Students will fill in the blanks by solving clues provided by the teacher. Students are exposed to new words and encouraged to think of words they already know.

2. Flashcards are a time-test way to enhance the student’s vocabulary. This allows students to review and test what was learned while encouraging retention and recall abilities. Flashcard will be two-sided with a word on one side and its meaning or a sentence on the opposite side (Splashlearn, 2024).

1. Repeated reading is a method where the student will read the same passage a few time with the goal of improving, increasing their fluency and reading comprehension.

2. Sentence Pyramids begins with short and simple sentences then building on the sentence by adding complex phonemes to it. The end goal is to assist the students to understand the structure and the context of a sentence. As the sentence pyramids build on each other. The students can see how various parts of speech come together to develop meaning (Voyager Sopris Learning, 2023).

1. Provide student with a book without words or minimal text. Allow student to narrate the story based on illustrations viewed. Encourage student to provide as much detail as possible about the settings, characters and events. This activity allows student to communicate the visual cues, provide narration while enhancing comprehension (Mehta, 2005).

2. Students are encouraged to begin journals on books they have read. The journal will include a summary of what was read and what was interesting. They can also draw pictures relating to the story they have read. Journaling allows students to thinking critically about the content. This reflection process encourages comprehension and a connection to the material that is being read (Splashlearn, 2024).

2.Direct Instruction: Students will need instruction that involves drills, repetition and practice on a one-to-one basis or in a small group. This learning plan will review previous instruction, in addition to new lessons that sound out words and sound blending.

3.Strategy Instruction: Teachers engage student in dialogue about lessons that have been read. Questions are asked and students are encouraged to also ask questions about what is learned. The focus will be about short activities.

To further engage students, teacher will provide a toolbox to work with. This will assist them with reading comprehension when on their own (TeachersCertification.com, 2024).

Name Game: asking your child to guess the name of person or object you’re thinking of. Provide the beginning and the ending sound. For example, mommy, think of someone who’s name begins with a ‘m’ and ends with the sound ‘ee’. This core skill allows the child to ability to recognize phonemes within the words. Phonemic Awareness activities encourage confidence and recognition of sounds and letters being read (ShermanLevos, 2023).

2.Phonics

Reading aloud with your child. As the child learns basic phonic skills, parents are to read books daily while including them in the process:

·      Encourage child to choose books that are read

·      Encourage child to ask questions about the story

·      Encourage participation

Reading to the child promotes fluency and a positive reading experience (Phonics.org, 2024)

3.Vocabulary

Pictionary teaches vocabulary as the child draws a word without verbal hints or use of letters. It develops the skill of word recognition. By drawing out words with visualization, child can recall words more easily

·      Parents creates cards with words appropriate for age group

·      Divide children into teams and take turns to draw while the other try to guess the picture (Splashlearn, 2024)

4.Fluency

Me, We, You Strategy: This activity the parent reads to the child and discusses new vocabulary that arises. Next, parent and child read together, and support is provided to child with unknown words. This stage takes time before the child can read on their own. Lastly, have the child read the texts on their own. The focus is on the quality of reading (DSRF, 2024).

5.Comprehension

Story Puzzle: After reading a story with your child, write down things that occurred in no specific order. Write each event on a separate piece of paper. The child will then put the events in order. This activity assists the child to practice reading comprehension strategy such as self-monitoring for understanding the story (Booka, 2023).

Phonemic Awareness and Phonics: Activities like interactive games and phonics practice sheets help children develop the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in words. These resources are beneficial for all learners, including those with exceptionalities, as they can be tailored to individual learning styles and needs.

 Fluency: This site provides strategies and tools to improve reading fluency, such as repeated reading exercises and guided reading practices. These resources support young learners by building their confidence and reading speed, while also offering adaptations for learners with exceptionalities, such as audio support or modified texts.

Vocabulary: The site includes vocabulary-building activities and word-learning strategies that enhance understanding of new words and their usage. These resources are designed to support all students, including those with exceptionalities, by providing visual aids, context-rich explanations, and interactive exercises to reinforce learning.

 Comprehension: This site offers comprehension strategies like question prompts and story maps to help children understand and engage with texts. These tools are flexible and can be adapted to meet the needs of diverse learners, including those who may benefit from additional support or modified instruction.