https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9 en-us 2022-02-28 15:28:19 UTC 2022-03-01 17:04:08 UTC hello@padlet.com queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069723411 -Always refer to ones specific code of ethics when faced with an ethical dilemma. Refer to code A.10. for information regarding disabled students.
-Always keep detailed records regarding students with disabilities. This not only ensures one is able to keep track of all students, but also to reduce legal liability. 
-When developing or administering curriculum for disabled students, always refer to IDEA to ensure legal compliance. Statutory and administrative law above details IDEA.
-Along with standardized testing, regularly evaluate special education programs to ensure students are reaching full potential. 
-Create customized education for individuals based upon their specific disability. There are many different types of physical and mental disabilities that require different courses of actions.  
-Parents should be used as a resource. Nobody knows the student better than their guardian. Work with parents when developing their education, and take all of their concerns and ideas into consideration.
-Students and parents have rights.  School counselors need to keep student and parent rights in mind, otherwise a lawsuit can be filed. Common rights to keep in mind are Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), among many others.
- Stay up to date with current trends and  information, as well as with recent court cases. Mrs. Washington mentioned she watches the news daily and often views stories on bullying in and out of school, bullying on social media, suicide, child abuse and neglect, and improper relationships between teachers and students. She said she keeps up with court cases and recent legal issues by receiving emails from the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) and from the Texas School Counselor Association(TSCA).

]]> 2022-02-28 15:38:35 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069723411 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069760240 1. After conducting an interview with a current school counselor, one can better understand current issues and why the topic is important. This legal topic is important in many ways. Education is centered around providing proper education for all. This includes disabled students. I had the pleasure of interviewing my Site Supervisor, Sharon Washington.
Mrs. Washington expressed the importance of providing proper education for disabled students. When asked about the effect of court cases regarding their education, she stated, "I believe all students should receive a quality education. Court cases generally boil down to all students receiving a quality education and be treated fairly" (S. Washington, personal communication, February 28, 2022).
2.Best Practices
-Always refer to ASCA Ethics. Referring to the ASCA ethical codes ensures counselors are following proper procedures and stay up to date on requirements.
-Keep detailed records. maintaining detailed records ensures the school has proof of meeting education requirements.
-Regularly monitor/test special education programs. Monitoring special education programs ensures all aspects are kept current and up to par.
3. S. Washington expressed some concern regarding special education. She stated that her school is having issues hiring teachers that specialize in disabilities such as dyslexia. She stated that her current district does not have a certified dyslexia teacher, and often has students leave for a near by school. S. Washington expressed that in order to attracted qualified teachers, she recommends increasing pay (S. Washington, personal communication, February 28,2022).   
4.Sharon Washington,
Dallas ISD
School Counselor

]]> 2022-02-28 15:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069760240 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069763534 As a school counselor, it is essential to stay knowledegable on current and past legal and ethical principles of multiple topics. As a school counselor, it is my duty to share with teachers and other counselors the importance of current laws and why one must follow them. The proper education of disabled students is essential and will be the topic of discussion. The education of every student within our school is important. Because these students are different in multiple ways, it is crucial that one review laws and ethics to ensure all proper steps are taken. ]]> 2022-02-28 15:57:26 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069763534 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069780981 The  ASCA provides ethical standards for school counselors to follow. These standards include standards for underserved and at-risk populations. This standard references FAPE, which states that all students must have access to a free and appropriate education. This includes any students with disabilities. This standard also expresses the importance of collaborating with parents to ensure students are receiving proper education and care (American School Counselor Association, 2016). 


]]> 2022-02-28 16:06:07 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069780981 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069787123 -In an article written by Jacobson (2019). She discusses a current issue regarding individualized education program preparation. 
-The article includes multiple teacher accounts. These teachers explain that they were not prepared to develop proper IEP.
-Educators and parents within the article agree that parents need a meaningful role in IEP meetings. 
-Only about 25% of survey respondents stated their schools made efforts to include families/parents in IEP development (Jacobson, 2019).]]> 2022-02-28 16:09:08 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069787123 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069810576 -According to an article written by Madan (2019), students in rural and low income areas suffer most from inadequate special education. 
-Parents in these areas are less likely to dispute their childrens' education for multiple reasons. Fear of retaliation, and inability to afford legal defense highlight these reasons. 
-Educators and family advocates look to resolve this by making the process of developing proper education less one-sided (Madan, 2019).]]> 2022-02-28 16:20:54 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069810576 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069816521 Source: Judicial
Citation: (PARC v. Commonwealth, 1971)
Link: https://www.leagle.com/decision/19711591334fsupp125711361 -This court case was the first to tackle issues regarding providing education to disabled students.
-The state was attempting to deny education to disabled students who were having trouble integrating. The court ruled in favor of PARC.
-As educators, one must understand that disabilities may have adverse effects. This may include behaviors that make it harder for students to integrate. For example, if a student does not integrate well in formal classrooms, educators must find alternative ways to educate said student.]]> 2022-02-28 16:23:50 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069816521 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069819115 Source: Statutory
Citation: IDEA (20 § 1400)
Link: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title20/chapter33&edition=prelim
-IDEA aims to ensure that all disabled students receive free and appropriate education. This is known as FAPE. If a student is said to have disabilities, under IDEA, the school must provide appropriate education.
-As educators, we must take the steps required to provide appropriate education. Not only because the law states to do so, but to ensure each student reaches their full potential. 
-Any additional resources that are necessary to teach these students are not charged to the parents. ]]> 2022-02-28 16:25:06 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069819115 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069825664 Source: Administrative
Citation: (34 CFR § 300.39)
Link:https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2012-title34-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title34-vol2-sec300-39.pdf
- This administrative law elaborates further on IDEA. 
-The law begins by stating once again that the specialized education will come at not cost to the family of the student, despite the additional costs necessary. 
-This law includes services that may be provided to the student. This includes special physical education, adapted movement education, and motor development. This is an example of curriculum that would be provided to a student with physical rather than mental disabilities. 
-As educators, it is important to understand the wide range of requirements disabled students may require. ]]> 2022-02-28 16:28:23 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069825664 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069829850 Source: Constitutional
Citation: (U.S. Const. amend. XIV.)
Link: https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/amendments-11-27#toc-amendment-xiv
- The 14th amendment is the foundation to multiple movements in education and equality. This revolves around the equal protection clause, which which says that states cannot deny equal protection of laws. 
-Although the fourteenth amendment does not directly refer to education, is is the basis of many judicial cases and education.]]> 2022-02-28 16:30:28 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069829850 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069835777 Law: San Angelo ISD Special Programs
Citation: (SAISD Student Handbook, 2019). 
-This local law is located in the SAISD Student Handbook (2019). This law states that the district proves specialized education for students with disabilities. The section states specifically they have programs for students with dyslexia and English language learners.]]> 2022-02-28 16:33:21 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069835777 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069842809 Ethical code: ASCA Standard A.10.
Citation: (American School Counselor Association, 2016).
Link: https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf
-This ethical standard focuses on serving underserved and at-risk populations. Student may not be discriminated against based upon disability or special education status. The standard also emphasized that educators must recognize disabled students strengths as well as the challenges they face. Through all of this, they must receive appropriate education.]]> 2022-02-28 16:36:38 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069842809 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069846445 American School Counselor Association. (2016). ASCA ethical standards for school counselors. Retrieved from https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Ethics/EthicalStandards2016.pdf.d

Education of Individuals with Disabilities, 20 USC § 1400.

Jacobson, L. (2019, October 15). 'Free and appropriate': Special ed stakeholders work to make IEP meetings less one-sided. Retrieved from https://www.educationdive.com/news/free-and-appropriate-special-ed-stakeholders-work-to-make-iep-meetings-l/564423/.


Modan, N. (2019, December 4). GAO: Low-income and minority students face barriers resolving disputes over special ed services. Retrieved from https://www.educationdive.com/news/gao-low-income-and-minority-students-face-barriers-resolving-disputes-over/568379/.

Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Commonwealth, 343 F. Supp. 279 (1971).

San Angelo Independent School District Student Handbook. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.saisd.org/docs/student_services/Student Handbook 2019-2020.pdf.

Special Education, 34 CFR § 300.39 

U.S. Const. amend. XIV.]]> 2022-02-28 16:38:29 UTC https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2069846445 queen79csm https://padlet.com/queen79csm/q9or5iifkml89mi9/wish/2071764209 After reading about the rights of special education students regarding disciplinary actions against them and the initial intentions in the creation of a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program (DAEP) in Texas, I found this topic would be a personal connection to legal and ethical standards in my future role.  This topic is personal and critical for me because I have just recently decided to apply as school counselor at a DAEP in Dallas Independent School District (DISD).  As a case manager for special education, I was exposed to the frustrations and experienced the lack of communication between the students, teachers, and counselors when our students would transfer to the district's DAEP due to discipline issues. Awareness regarding this topic is important for educators and all stakeholders because it constantly resulted in loss of student credits when they returned to campus.  According to Cortez & Cortez (2009), in 1995 The Texas Legislature created the DAEP in Texas as option B for only criminal offenses and only when Juvnille Justice Alternative Program (JJAEP) are not within local distance; however, DAEPs have not been used as intended and has posed some legal and ethical issues.  Students as young as 6 years old, low-performing minorities and students in need of special education services serve most of the student population in Texas DAEPs (Cortez & Cortez, 2009).
 It is evident that the Texas Legislature must take immediate action in reforming what warrants a student to be placed in DAEP along with stakeholder and DAEP accountability.  While applying for this position, I am prepared to be a part of the DAEP system in need of reform. I look forward working alongside my administrators in addressing the main issues from a former special education teacher point of view.  I look forward to learning more about the legal and ethical implications in my future professional work as counselor with an inclusion teacher, case manager, and counselor perspectives to initiate change immediately.
 
                Reference
 Cortez, A., Dr., & Cortez, J. (2009, March). Disciplinary Alternative Education Programs in Texas – A 2009 Update. Retrieved March 1, 2022, from https://www.idra.org/publications/disciplinary-alternative-education-programs-texas-2009-update/

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