https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29 "War is Peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength" (George Orwell). en-us 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC 2025-10-25 00:54:52 UTC hello@padlet.com aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581653 As World War II was about to end in 1945, nations were in ruins, and the world wanted peace. Representatives of 50 countries reunited at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, California. For the next two months, they proceeded to draft and then sign the UN Charter, which created a new international organization, the United Nations. The purpose was to prevent another world war like the one they had just lived through.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581653 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581654 Iron Curtain speech, speech delivered by former British prime minister Winston Churchill in Fulton, Missouri, on March 5, 1946, in which he stressed the necessity for the United States and Britain to act as the guardians of peace and stability against the menace of Soviet communism. Winston Churchill used the term "iron curtain" to refer specifically to the political, military and ideological barrier created by the U.S.S.R. to prevent connection between itself and its dependent eastern and central European allies.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581654 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581655 On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall issued a call for a comprehensive program to rebuild Europe. The Marshall plan generated a renewal of European industrialization and brought extensive investment into the region. The Marshall Plan also incorporated and legitimized the concept of U.S. foreign aid programs, which have become an integral part of the U.S. foreign policy.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581655 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581656 After the Second World War, Germany was divided into four sections, each of which was to be occupied by one of the Allied powers. The Berlin Blockade was an attempt of the Soviet Union to limit the ability of France, Great Britain and the United states to travel to their sectors of Berlin. ]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581656 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581657 The North Atlantic Alliance was founded in the aftermath of the Second Was World. The purpose of the Nato was to secure peace in Europe. The Organization also provides a unique forum for dialogue and cooperation across the Atlantic.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581657 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581658 On October 1, 1949, the chinese leader Mao Zhang declared the creation of the People's Republic of China. A major goal of the Communist government was to develop an advanced, industrial economy.  Technical and scientific developments that would improve production were promoted. ]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581658 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581659 The Korean War was fought because the Communist countries, including the Soviet Union, wanted to spread communism in South Korea. On June 25, 1950 with the encouragement of the Soviet Union and Communist China, the Soviet equipped North Korean people's Army invaded the Republic of South Korea and drove the South Korean Army down the peninsula in a headlong retreat. Within three days of fighting, Seoul the capital was captured. ]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581659 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581662 The Brown v. Board was a case in which the United States Supreme Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which prohibits states from denying equal protection of the laws to anyone within their jurisdiction. Brown v. Board of Education helped inspire the American civil rights movements of the late 1950s and ’60s.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581662 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581663 On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. In September 1957, as a result of that ruling, nine African American students entered Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The ensuing struggle between segregationists and integrationists, has become known in modern American history as the "Little Rock Crisis." The nine students were then removed by the police.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581663 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581664 The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil rights protest in Montgomery, Alabama, in which African Americans refused to board city buses in protest of segregated seating. The United States Supreme Court eventually ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system, and a young preacher named Martin Luther King Jr., was one of the boycott's leaders.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581664 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581666 President Eisenhower wasn't happy with the progress that the Soviet Union was making. For this reason, as a precaution, he sent U-2 spy planes to search the area. The U-2 spy plane incident raised tensions between the U.S. and the Soviets during the Cold War, the largely political clash between the two superpowers and their allies that emerged following World War II. 

]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581666 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581667 The Suez Crisis began when Israeli armed troops advanced into Egypt near the Suez Canal after Egypt's president nationalized the waterway, which controlled two-thirds of Europe's oil. Egypt was victorious in the end, and the British, French, and Israeli governments withdrew their forces in late 1956 and early 1957. The meeting was a defining moment for Cold War nations.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581667 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581668  The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was a movement depended on the power and independence of black churches to sustain its efforts under the leadership of Martin Luther King Jr. The Southern CHristian Leadership Conference also joined local movements  to organize mass protest activities and voter registration drives all throughout the South. Most notably in Albany, Georgia, Birmingham and Selma, Alabama, and St. Augustine, Florida.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581668 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581670 The Sputnik was the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth and it was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. The launch if the Sputnik signaled the start of a new era of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. President Dwight Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) a year after Sputnik was launched in the orbit.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581670 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581671 The Bay of Pigs Invasion took place in April 1961 and was a failed attack launched by CIA during the Kennedy administration. A young Cuban nationalist named Fidel Castro drove his guerilla army into Havana and overthrew General Fulgencio Batista. For the next two years, officials at the U.S. State Department tried to remove Castro. The CIA finally launched what its leaders believed would be the definitive strike which was a full-scale invasion of Cuba. The invaders were badly outnumber by his troops and surrendered after less than 24 hours of fighting.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581671 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581672 The Vietnam War was a lengthy, expensive, and controversial battle that fought North Vietnam's communist government against South Vietnam and its main ally, the US. The ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union worsened the situation. In 1975, communist troops took control of South Vietnam, and the nation was united, the following year, as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581672 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581673 Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides. Freedom Riders tried to use "whites-only" restrooms and lunch counters at bus stations in Alabama, South Carolina, and other Southern state. The 1961 Freedom rides were organized by the Congress of Racial Equality. During the 1947 action, African American and white bus riders test the court decision in Morgan v. Virginia that found segregrated bus seating unconstituional. ]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581673 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581674 After sealing off free passage, East German authorities began building a wall to close off access to the west. For the next 28 years, it stood as the most tangible symbol of the Cold War. By the end of World War II in 1945 Germany divided into four Allied occupation zones. Berlian, the German capital, was divided into occupation sectors even though it was located deep within the Soviet zone.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581674 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581675 The UFW was a series of marches, national consumer boycotts, and fasts. The UFW attracted national headlines, galvanizing the Chicano movement. and gained labor contracts with raised wages and better working conditions.The UFW seeks to empower migrant farmworkers and to improve their wages and working conditions. Along with that, the union also works to promote nonviolence and to educate members on political and social issues. The UFW is best known for its successful boycott of California grapes that had led to unprecedented gains for farmworkers.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581675 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581676 During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores. President John F. Kennedy notified Americans about the presence of the missiles, explaining that the  United States was ready to use its military forces to neutralize this perceived threat to national security. However, disaster was avoided when the U.S. agreed to Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev’s offer to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581676 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581677 Betty Friedan, the author of "The Feminime Mystique", was not your typical housewife. She had been involved in radical politics from a young age and had a degree in psychology from Smith College. She is credited as the first voice to the suffering of millions of seemingly content American women. Her book shook the ground of American society and rooted in a myth of pleasant domesticity and supported by the emotional and physical labor of women.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581677 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581678 Letter from Birmingham Jail is the most important written document of the civil rights era. The letter was written by Martin Luther King Jr. on April 16, 1963, and it served as a tangible report of the long road to freedom in a movement centered around actions and spoken words.

]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581678 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581679 The March on Washington was a massive protect that occured in August 1963, when 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event aimed to draw attention to challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans. It was the occasion of Martin Luther King Jr.'s, "I Have a Dream" speech.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581679 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581680  President John F. Kennedy and his political advisers were preparing for the next presidential campaign and they seemed confident in the re-election. However, shortly after noon on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas. The assailant was named Lee Harvey Oswald.  He was being held for the assassination of President Kennedy. After two hours from his arrest he died at Parkland Hospital.

]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581680 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581681 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public places and banned employment discriminated on the basis of color, religion, sex, race, or national origin. This was first proposed by John F. Kennedy and it survived strong opposition from southern members of Congress and was signed inti law by Kennedy's successor, which is Lyndon B. Johnson.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581681 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581682 President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law, with the goal of removing legal impediments at the state and municipal levels that hindered African Americans from exercising their right to vote, as promised by the 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Voting Rights Act is widely regarded as one of the most significant pieces of civil rights legislation in American history.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581682 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581683 The Tet Offensive was a series of North Vietnamese attacks on more than 100 cities and outposts in South Vietnam. The Tet Offensive was the celebration of the lunar new year, the Tet holiday is the most important holiday on the Vietnamese calendar. In the previous years, it had been an informal truce between South Vietnam and North Vietnam. ]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581683 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581684 In 1969, members of Charles Manson's cult murdered five people in ROman Polanski's home in Beverly Hills, California. Sharon Tate at the time was pregnant at the time when she was pregnant. Charles Manson had an aspiration to become a musician and chose the Polanski household because he had tried to get a recording deal from a producer who used to live there. Manson stayed out of the house on the night of the crime and did not take part in it, but influenced his members to go do it. Sharon Tate's baby died moments after her heart stopped beating.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581684 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581685 The Stonewall Riots, which was also known as the Stonewall Uprising, began in the early hours of June 28, 1969 when New York City police raised the Stonewall Inn. Tensions between New York City Police and gay residents of Greenwich Village erupted into more protests the next evening and again several nights later.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581685 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581686 In 1969, a group of rebel activists took over America's most notorious prison for more then a year. Since the 1960s, Native Americans had been on a mission to break into Alcatraz, After the prison shuttered its doors in 1963, Native Americans began lobbying to have the island redeveloped as a cultural center and school. However, these efforts failed. In October of 1969, fire had destroyed the American Indian Center, an activist group known as "Indians of All Tribes" set their sights on the unused land at Alcatraz.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581686 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581687 The Watergate scandal began early in the morning of June 17, 1972 when several burglars were arrested in the office of the Democratic National Committee. The origins of the break-in layed hostile political climate of that time. By 1972, Republican President Richard M. Nixon was running for reelection. However, due to the Vietnam War the country was divided deeply. In May 1972, evidence would show that members of Nixon's Committee to Re-Elect the President broke into the Democratic National Committee's Watergate headquarters, stealing copies of secret documents.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581687 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581689 In 1972 of June, Title IX of the education amendments of 1972 was enacted into law. It probhibits federally funded educational institutions from discriminating against students or employees based on their gender. Before Title IX, very few opportunities existed for female athletes. The NCAA, which was created in 1906, offered no athletic scholarships for women and held no championshis for women. Title IX was designed to correct those imbalances.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581689 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581690 Roe v. Wade was a legal decision issued on January 22, 1973 in which the U.S. Supreme Court shot down a Texas law banning abortion, legalizing the procedure across the U.S. The court held that it was a woman's right to an abortion in the right to privacy which was protected by the 14th Amendment to the constitution. Jane Roe in her early 20s sought to terminate and unwanted pregnancy. McCorvey, who had grown a difficult life, previously had given birth twice and gave both children up for adoption. In the late 1850s, however, the American Medical Association began calling abortions a criminal act, partly in an effort to eliminate doctors' competitors such as midwives and homeopaths.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581690 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581691 Nixon was impeached three times by the House Judiciary Committee for obstruction of justice, abuse of authority, and contempt of Congress. Nixon resigned from office on August 9, 1974, with his role in the cover-up made public and his political support entirely undermined. ]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581691 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581692 The "Just Say No" movement was one part of the U.S. government's effort to revisit and expand the War on Drugs. In the early 80s, a cheap highly addictive form of cocaine was first developed. The popularity of it led to an increase in the number of Americans who became addicted to it. In 1985, the number of people who said they used it on a routine basis increased from 4.2 million to 5.8 million. Emergency room visists for cocaine-related incidents increased four-fold between 1984 and 1987. President Ronald Reagan's wife, Nancy Reagan, launched the "Just Say No" campaign, which encouraged children to reject it and simpoly using the word "no." The movement started in the early 1980s and continued for more than a decade.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581692 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581693 The Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, shortly after the launch of the US space shuttle Challenger from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and lost the lives of seven astronauts.Shuttle mission 51-L's primary purpose was to launch the second Tracking and Data Relay Satellite.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581693 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581695 The first contemporary global financial crisis unfolded in the autumn of 1987 on a day known infamously as Black Monday. The same day, a chain reaction of market distress sent global stock exchanges plummeting in a matter of hours. The Black Monday led to a number of noteworthy reforms, including exchanges developing provisions to pause trading temporarily in the event of rapid market sell-offs.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581695 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581696 The 1992 Los Angeles riots, or the Los Angles uprising, sprung from rising tensions between LAPD and the city's African Americans highlighted by the videotaped of motorist Rodney King. On April 29, 1992, anger broke out after four LAPD officers were found guilty of assaulting King which lead to widespread violence, looting, and aron through Los Angeles. This left more than 60 people dead and produced about $1 billion in damage.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581696 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581697 Nicole Brown Simpson, also known as O.J. Simpson's ex-wife, and her friend were stabbed to death outside of her home in Brentwood, California. This became one of the most highly publicized trials in the century. With evidence against him, including a prior record of domestic violence towards Brown, O.J. simpson became a main suspect. Even though he agreed to turn himself in, Simpson escaped with his friend A.C. Cowlings in his Ford Bronco. He tried to escape and led police in a low-speed chase through the freeways of Los Angeles as the entire nation watched on television. he then gave himself up at his home in Brentwood. The evidence against him was extensive. His blood was found at the murder scene, hair, and fibers from brown and Goldman were found in Brown's home. Simpson was proven guilty and was sentenced to 33 years in prison.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581697 aricheson https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581699 In 1998, a political sex scandal between Monica Lewinsky and President Bill Clinton happened. In 1995, they began a relationship that continued until 1997. During that time, Lewinsky was transferred to the Pentagon where she confided in coworkers Linda Tripp about her affair with the president. Linda Trippy went on to secretly tape some of her conversations with her. In 1998, these recordings became public and Clinton denied the relationship before later admitting to "inappropriate intimate physical contact" with Lewinsky. Then later on, Bill Clinton was sent to be impeached for lying under oath.]]> 2022-06-05 23:12:22 UTC https://padlet.com/aricheson/q72qd3kf4u42no29/wish/2211581699