https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup Module 12: Group 2- Charmain Postel, Lauren Moura, Nicholas Nooks, Julia Lewkowicz, Brittany Pellitteri en-us 2017-11-14 23:08:23 UTC 2017-11-20 00:36:47 UTC hello@padlet.com bpellitteri2014 https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/207003576 Overview
In early 1961, President of the French, abandoned the attempt to keep Algeria apart of the French colony.

This abandonment lead to French government in paris to weaken.  Officials of Algeria began to  gain power. Rebels began to arrest anyone loyal to the legal government.


Terrain and Geography
This abandonment was due to a culmination of policy conflicts between the French army in Algeria and the civilian French Government in Paris. (Sharp 167)


" Half a million french troops were in Algeria, leaving very few operational units in France itself" ( Sharp 168). Algiers planned to replace the legal government.


Transportation
De Gaulle broadcasted from France making awareness to the widespread noncooperation and disobedience of their Government. (Sharp 169)

" At airfields, people prepared vehicles to be placed on the runway to prevent planes from landing" so that anyone fighting with the Algerians could not land by plane. (Sharp 169)

Communications]]> 2017-11-14 23:22:37 UTC https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/207003576 nnavarro2015 https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/207012655                   Issues
-  The main issue here was to prevent the coup in the Algerian colony from remaining in power, and to prevent them from invading France (Sharp 167).

- "The usurpers seized control of newspapers and radio stations, giving them a monopoly on communications in French Algeria" (Sharp 168).

- The French government realized that they were in trouble because half a million of the French troops were in Algeria, which meant there was little help in France itself.

              Objectives
- On Sunday April 23, political parties and different trade unions held meetings that talked about holding a one hour strike the next day to show that they would oppose the coup in Algeria (Sharp 168).

- Essentially, French troops along with civilians held different campaigns to ensure that Algeria would remain Independent. 

Source:
Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007. ]]> 2017-11-15 00:28:09 UTC https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/207012655 jlewkowicz2015 https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/207013365
- French defiance: Sunday, April 23, the political parties and trade unions in France held mass meetings, to demonstrate that they would oppose the coup in Algeria (168). 

-De Gaulle's broadcast from France was heard in Algeria by the population and military, many of them conscript soldiers. On April 24, 5:00 p.m., ten million workers took part in the symbolic general strike. Many right-wing sympathizers were arrested (169). 

-  Most French troops in Algeria acted to support the de Gaulle government an to undermine the rebels. Two-thirds of the available transport planes and many fighter planes had been flown out to Algeria, making them unavailable for an invasion of France (169). 

-Conscripts generally recognized the power of their noncooperation in support of the legal government (169). 

-Civil servants and local government officials in the City of Algiers often resisted, hiding documents and personally withdrawing from their offices so as not to be seen a supporting to coup (169-170)

-The leaders resolved to call off the attempted coup. General Challe surrendered and the other three retired generals heading the revolt went into hiding (170). 

Source:
Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007. ]]> 2017-11-15 00:31:50 UTC https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/207013365 lveloz2016 https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/207059339
-Political Aspect:At the time of the attack, Algeria was under French rule, however, President Charles de Gaulle, said he would no longer attempt to keep Algeria as a French colony.

-Internal Conflicts: The First Foreign Legion Parachute Regiment overtook Algiers, planning attacks on France as well. Some French military members, including generals, sided with the rebels.

-President de Gaulle sent out a broadcast, urging military members not to take part in the attack on France and to ensure "all means are employed" to defeat the rebels. (p.168)

-Natural Allies: Many military members once again became loyal to the French military and supported the President's orders by flying planes away so they could not be used for attack. Vehicles were also used to block runways and financial blockade was placed on Algeria. Ten million workers also took place in the strike(p.169)

-Source:
Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice, and 21st Century Potential. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books, 2007. 




]]> 2017-11-15 05:48:34 UTC https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/207059339 charmainpostel https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/208419195 Military Command- declared state of siege , took powers of civil government, and warned about resistance. (Sharp, 168)

General Nicot, General Bigot, and three other generals, backed the coup by giving the power of media influences such as newspaper and radio station. (Sharp, 168)

President de Gaulle- provided pressure by broadcasting a speech to the French nation to defy the rebels. 

Prime Minister Debre- provided pressure by broadcasting passive resistance measures which was heard throughout Algeria. (Sharp 168-169)

French civilians including Algiers police supported the coup but often resisted. (Sharp, 169)

Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th  Century Practice and 21st Century Potential. 2007. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books.]]> 2017-11-18 23:42:05 UTC https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/208419195 charmainpostel https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/208419892 French First Foreign Legion Parachute Regiment- coup d'état:

Rebels was dependent on the City of Algiers gaining support from military, receiving media control. (Sharp, 168)

The coup was dependent of the government including General Nicot, General Bigot, and other generals backing as they were able to influence the )citizens. (Sharp, 168)

President de Gaulle- was dependent on the people of France to defy the rebels. With his broadcast he accomplished a general strike, missed communication from the rebels, and lost files. (Sharp, 169)

de Gaulle government was dependent on the support of the Algiers police, which ended with the rebels surrendering. (Sharp, 170)

Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle: 20th Century Practice and 21st Century Potential. 2007. Boston, MA: Extending Horizons Books.  
 


]]> 2017-11-19 00:01:30 UTC https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/208419892 NicholasNooks https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/208549679 The Algerian military played a strong role in the protest of the invasion of France: "Pilots in the military took more than half of the transport and fighter planes out of Algeria so they could not be used for an invasion of France. Other pilots feigned mechanical failures in planes so they could not be flown." These were direct objections of what they were ordered to do and thus peacefully protesting with success.

Even the troops who remained loyal to Gaulle directly ignored his orders and nonviolently protested successfully. "Whenever the two groups came close to a clash, the loyal troops would often retreat in order to prevent violence within the French army and a possible civil war. Throughout the entire campaign there was no known violence against the rebel troops despite de Gaulle’s request for “all means” of resistance."

https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/french-citizens-and-soldiers-nonviolently-defend-against-algerian-putsch-1961]]> 2017-11-20 00:23:55 UTC https://padlet.com/bpellitteri2014/q5kx8a3l6qup/wish/208549679