e-Portfolio : 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 & 𝙲𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 by

e-Portfolio : 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 & 𝙲𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 by https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx 𝙿𝚁𝙴𝙿𝙰𝚁𝙴𝙳 𝙱𝚈 𝙽𝚄𝚁 𝙵𝙰𝚃𝙸𝙷𝙰𝙷 𝚂𝚈𝙰𝙷𝙸𝚁𝙰𝙷 𝙱𝙸𝙽𝚃𝙸 𝙼𝙾𝙷𝙳 𝚉𝙰𝙷𝙰𝚁𝙸 (𝟸𝟶𝟸𝟷𝟼𝟷𝟿𝟾𝟹𝟸) ~ 𝙻𝙶𝟸𝟺𝟹𝟷𝙱 | 𝙴𝙸𝙲𝟺𝟶𝟺 en-us 2021-11-07 11:47:50 UTC 2025-12-17 01:12:33 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f4dc.png 𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚊𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚝 𝚖𝚢𝚜𝚎𝚕𝚏 : ) fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872652290 Assalamualaikum and have a great day, ladies and gentlemen !

My name is Nur Fatihah Syahirah binti Mohd Zahari and I prefer to be called Tihah. I am currently studying for a Bachelor in Applied Language Studies (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication in UiTM Shah Alam.

Here is my assignment for the EIC404 course, discussing one of the cultural elements which is language revolving around 5 particular communities which are Iban, Kadazandusun, Rungus, Murut and Bajau.

Wishing you could gain something new and beneficial as well as enjoy everything that are presented here.

Happy reading !

]]> 2021-11-07 12:39:58 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872652290 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872718745 𝟷. 𝚃𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜
𝟸. 𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗
𝟹. 𝚆𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚒𝚜 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎?
𝟺. 𝙸𝚋𝚊𝚗
𝟻. 𝙺𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚣𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚞𝚜𝚞𝚗
𝟼. 𝚁𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚜
𝟽. 𝙼𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝
𝟾. 𝙱𝚊𝚓𝚊𝚞
𝟿. 𝚁𝚎𝚏𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗
𝟷𝟶. 𝚁𝚎𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚜]]> 2021-11-07 13:25:15 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872718745 𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘐𝘣𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘦 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872725020

A subgroup of Borneo's Dayak people.

Known for their tribal and territorial expansion, which earned them a lot of enemies.

The Kayan tribe, for example, referred to the "Sea Dayaks" they saw as "Hivan," - evolved into Iban & considered that this is where the name comes from.

The indigenous people of Borneo & Sarawak's biggest ethnic group.

Practised animistic beliefs until a considerable proportion of them converted to Christianity and Islam.

Sources :

Whelan, C. (2016). The Borneo Headhunters - Meet The Iban Tribe! https://www.thegreatprojects.com/blog/the-head-hunters-of-borneo-meet-the-iban-tribe

Bedford,S. (2018). An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/an-overview-of-malaysias-tribes-and-ethnic-groups/

]]> 2021-11-07 13:28:55 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872725020 𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧𝘒𝘢𝘥𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘶𝘯 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872726847

Categorised as a Dusunic language in a research by Banker & Banker (1997).

The Dusunic group is officially known as 'Kadazandusun.'

The Kadazandusun (a political phrase that includes both the Kadazan and the Dusun) is the largest ethnic group of Bumiputra in Sabah, accounting for almost a third of the population.

Kadazan signifies "people."

Dusun refers to people who live on farms, hence Kadazandusun means "farmers."

The annual Harvest Festival, or Kaamatan, held on May 30 and 31, showcases the profound connection to rice and customs.

Sources :
Luping, H. (2016). A history of the term Kadazandusun. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/2159/a-history-of-the-term-kadazandusun/

Official Website of the Sabah State Government. (n.d). People and History. https://www.sabah.gov.my/cms/?q=en/content/people-history

Bedford,S. (2018). An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/an-overview-of-malaysias-tribes-and-ethnic-groups/

Tumin, L. (n.d). Language Attitudes of Kadazandusun People Toward Their Mother Tongue. https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/6757/1/LANGUAGE%20ATTITUDES%20OF%20KADAZANDUSUN%20PEOPLE%20TOWARD%20THEIR%20MOTHER%20TONGUE%2024%20pgs.pdf

]]> 2021-11-07 13:29:57 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872726847 𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘙𝘶𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘴 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872731912

The Rungus, who live in the Kudat district of northern Sabah - the most traditional ethnic group.

The Kudat district's Rungus are said to have kept their old customs alive to this day.

Some of the Rungus ladies - still wear costumes made from cotton that has been cultivated and spun by hand.

The bulk of the Rungus dwell in Sabah's Kudat and Bengkoka (Pitas) peninsulas, which are located around Marudu Bay and in the Labuk-Sugut area.

A Kadazan-Dusun sub-group with its own language and a few dialects, architecture, customs, and attires.

Sources :
Herman. (2000). The Rungus - The Art of Blending Traditional Life-Style into the 20th Century. https://www.flyingdusun.com/004_Features/001_Rungus.htm

Amazing Borneo Tours. (n.d). People, Culture And Customs. https://www.amazingborneo.com/sabah/people-culture

Webonary.org. (2013). Rungus Dictionary. https://www.webonary.org/rungus/overview/introduction/

]]> 2021-11-07 13:32:39 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872731912 𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘶𝘳𝘶𝘵𝘴 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872732199

Subdivided into Baukan, Gana', Kalabakan, Okolod, Paluan, Sulangai, Serudung, Tagal, Timugon, and the Beaufort and Keningau Murut.

"Hill people" is the direct translation of Murut.

The last ethnic group in Sabah - abandon headhunting - in Murut spiritual beliefs, collecting the heads of adversaries has long played a significant role.

Has a diverse set of customs that are tragically on the decline.

Sources :
Official Website of the Sabah State Government. (n.d). People & History. https://www.sabah.gov.my/cms/?q=en/content/people-history

Bedford,S. (2018). An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/an-overview-of-malaysias-tribes-and-ethnic-groups/

Sabah Tourist Association. (2021). People & Culture : Murut. http://www.sta.my/murut.cfm

]]> 2021-11-07 13:32:51 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872732199 𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘉𝘢𝘫𝘢𝘶𝘴 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872737318

Sabah's second-largest ethnic group.

Migrated to East Malaysia in the 16th century from the southern Philippines.

Bajaus are Muslims who claim lineage from the Johor Malays and are said to have fled from the Philippines.

Found in large numbers along the shore, particularly between Kota Kinabalu and Kota Belud, and in the Semporna region.

The West Coast Bajaus - mostly farmers & cattle ranchers.

The East Coast - lived on land, traditionally seaside residents and fishermen.

Sources :
Bedford,S. (2018). An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/an-overview-of-malaysias-tribes-and-ethnic-groups/

Amazing Borneo Tours & Events Sdn. Bhd. (n.d). People, Culture And Customs. https://www.amazingborneo.com/sabah/people-culture

]]> 2021-11-07 13:35:56 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872737318 𝙻𝚎𝚝'𝚜 𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗 𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝙸𝚋𝚊𝚗 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 ! fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872999375 This video has given a clear explanation on some basic words and sentences used in Iban Language.

Source :
ILoveLanguages!. (2020). The Sound of the Iban language (Numbers, Greetings, Phrases & The Parable) [Youtube Video]. https://youtu.be/9oIxshNIJkk ]]> 2021-11-07 16:12:43 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1872999375 𝙸𝚋𝚊𝚗 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873003144

Previously, all information was inherited verbally from generation to generation.

Spoken : Iban Language & Malay Language (the lingua franca)

Widely spoken in state of Sarawak & Tawau district in Sabah

Dialects : the Iban language spoken in the Miri-Bintulu area has a distinct accent from the Iban language spoken in the Kuching-Bau region.

Written

- Before : Latin alphabet (most frequently used)
- Now : there's an alternative script known as the Dunging Script (urup Dunging) or the Iban alphabet, which was created by Dunging Anak Gunggu between 1947 and 1962 - but it's rarely used. (Encyclopedia, n.d)

People used this language : about 1.4 million

Sources :
Encyclopedia. (2018). Iban. https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/asia/malaysia-and-singapore-political-geography/iban

Omniglot. (n.d). Iban language and alphabet. https://omniglot.com/writing/iban.htm

]]> 2021-11-07 16:15:05 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873003144 𝙺𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚣𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚞𝚜𝚞𝚗 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873004345

Spoken : Kadazandusun language & Malay language

Nowadays, the Kadazandusun are likely to speak Kadazandusun as their first language and Malay as a second.

Dialects : Tangara and Bundu-Liwan.

- 𝚃𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚊𝚛𝚊 ( 𝙼𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚕𝚢 𝚏𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚆𝚎𝚜𝚝 𝙲𝚘𝚊𝚜𝚝)
- 𝙱𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚞-𝙻𝚒𝚠𝚊𝚗 (𝚆𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚍 𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜)

Written : Kadazandusun language
People used this language : around 750,000 people in Sabah's districts of Penampang, Papar, Tuaran, Tambunan, Ranau, and Keningau.

Sources :
Logijin, S. (n.d). A Case Study on the Use of Kadazandusun Language in the Teaching of Mother Tongue Language. https://www.seameo.org/seameoweb2/images/stories/Projects/2008_MotherTongueBridgeLang/CaseStudy/papers_and_pdf/Malaysia_MotherTongue_CaseStudy20jan08.pdf

Luping, H. (2016). A history of the term Kadazandusun. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/2159/a-history-of-the-term-kadazandusun/

]]> 2021-11-07 16:15:51 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873004345 𝚁𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚜 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873005552

The Rungus ethnic language is classified as Astronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Sabahan, Dusunic, and Dusun.

Spoken : Dusunic language or Momogun or also can be called as Rungus Dusun

Dialects : Gandahon, Gonsomon, Nuluw, Pilapazan are just a few of the dialects that people speak depending on where they live (Central Rungus, Rungus Tanga).

Famous dialects spoken : Gonsomon and Nuluw

Written : none

People used this language: 55,000 people in the far north of Sabah

Sources :
Webonary.org. (2013). Rungus Dictionary. https://www.webonary.org/rungus/overview/introduction/

Encyclopedia. (n.d). Rungus Dusun. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rungus-dusun

Bujang, H. (2017). Etnik Rungus: Siapakah Mereka Dan Dari Mana Mereka Datang?. https://www.thepatriots.asia/etnik-rungus-siapakah-mereka-dan-dari-mana-mereka-datang/

]]> 2021-11-07 16:16:38 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873005552 𝙼𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873007281

Murut is an Austronesian language with a separate dialects.

Murut people in the whole world have 15 languages.

Spoken : Tanggal (the language that the vast majority of people speak and understand).

This language is linked to that of the Kadazandusun.

Dialects : 21 types of dialects based on the location they live

Written : none

Sources :
Sabah Tourist Association. (2021). People & Culture : Murut. http://www.sta.my/murut.cfm

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d). Murut people. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Murut

]]> 2021-11-07 16:17:40 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873007281 𝙱𝚊𝚓𝚊𝚞 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873007560

Spoken : Malayo-Polynesian which they called 'Sama' / 'Sinama'

Speakers : from Philippines and Malaysia.

Dialects : Central Sama & Southern Sama

Southern Sama - spoken in Semporna and southern Sulu.
Central Sama - spoken in western Tawitawi and central and northern Sulu.

Written : Depending on the dialects used by each particular groups
Largest dialect used by the Bajaus in Sabah : Southern Sama

Sources :
Nornis, S. (2014). The Bajaus Language. http://www.ocerints.org/intcess14_epublication/papers/120.pdf

Countries and their culture. (n.d). Bajau - Orientation. https://www.everyculture.com/East-Southeast-Asia/Bajau-Orientation.html

Luke. (2012). What language do the Badjao speak?. https://sinama.org/2013/01/what-language-do-the-badjao-speak/

]]> 2021-11-07 16:17:51 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1873007560 𝙰𝚛𝚎 𝚢𝚘𝚞 𝚊 𝚙𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚑? 𝙻𝚎𝚝'𝚜 𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗 𝚊 𝚏𝚎𝚠 𝚘𝚏 𝙱𝚊𝚓𝚊𝚞 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚋𝚢 𝚠𝚊𝚝𝚌𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚘 ! fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1874027470

You should watch all the videos that has been included in this e-portfolio (including this one), so you will get to differentiate between these languages.

This video has explained some basic words and sentences in a very detailed way then it wouldn't be boring to watch it. It's always fun to explore and treasure new languages, isn't it?

Source :
ILoveLanguages!. (2020). The Sound of the Bajau / Sinama language (Numbers, Greetings & The Parable)[Youtube Video].https://youtu.be/rhlSLMs435M

]]> 2021-11-08 03:57:30 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1874027470 𝙻𝚎𝚝’𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚎 𝚑𝚘𝚠 𝚋𝚎𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚏𝚞𝚕 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚠𝚘𝚞𝚕𝚍 𝚋𝚎 ! fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1874673087 I found this video's interesting because the teacher was speaking fluently in the Kadazandusun language and explaining the subject very well.

Source :
DidikTV KPM. (2021). DidikTV Road To Success SPM 2020 | Bahasa Kadazandusun [Youtube Video]. https://youtu.be/tWAKyuQmW1E ]]> 2021-11-08 10:13:50 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1874673087 𝚁𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚜 𝙳𝚒𝚊𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚜 / "𝙻𝚘𝚐𝚑𝚊𝚝" fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1875391862 This is a must-watch video if you're planning to learn Rungus language. It contains of various dialects in Rungus and the speaker explained it very clear and understandable.

Source :
Rungus Animation Studio. (2020). Ginis "Loghat" Rungus [Youtube Video]. https://youtu.be/jfenBdEc2Rg ]]> 2021-11-08 15:16:09 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1875391862 𝙻𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝙼𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1875551549 This is a video in which I've learnt some basic words and sentences that was translated from Malay Language to Murut Language. Have a look at this. It is a wonderful video to be watched!

Source :
Samil, R. (2020). Mari Belajar Bahasa Murut Part 01 [Youtube Video]. https://youtu.be/oiVxlYa5zFo ]]> 2021-11-08 16:02:41 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1875551549 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877151944 Here's the references for all the ethnic groups discussed earlier.]]> 2021-11-09 03:53:14 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877151944 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877503504 From my perspective, I consider language as :

A tool for communication.
A way for people to communicate and interact with one another.
It can change the way people think and shape one’s behaviour.
A way of exchanging ideas and opinions.
May be inherited by generation.
Consisting spoken, written and sign language.
Different cultures have different languages.

]]> 2021-11-09 07:26:04 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877503504 Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877566353 Key points :

The Ibanform the largest ethnic group in Sarawak.
Followed animistic beliefs until large numbers converted to Christianity.

]]> 2021-11-09 07:58:18 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877566353 Blog : The Borneo Headhunters - Meet The Iban Tribe! fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877601534 Key points :

A division of the Dayak people of Borneo.
Renowned for tribal and territorial expansion, and this created many enemies for them.
The Kayan tribe referred to the “Sea Dayaks” they came into contact with as ‘Hivan’, which slowly became Iban.
Practise Christianity and Islam as their religions, the tribe was traditionally animists.

]]> 2021-11-09 08:17:57 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877601534 Article - Iban fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877643848 Key points :

Speak their own language called "Iban."
All information was handed down orally from one generation to the next.
Widely spoken in Sarawak, alongside the Malay language.
Iban spoken in the Miri-Bintulu region has a different accent than the Iban language spoken in the Kuching-Bau region.

]]> 2021-11-09 08:39:53 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877643848 Article : Iban Language and Alphabet fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877674046 Key points :

About 1.4 million people mainly in the state of Sarawak, and also in the Tawau district in the state of Sabah.
Usually written with the Latin alphabet.
There is an alternative script, known as the Dunging Script (urup Dunging) or the Iban alphabet.

]]> 2021-11-09 08:56:36 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1877674046 News Article : A history of the term Kadazandusun fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878447232 Key points taken :

The term Kadazan, in the Kadazan language, means, “the people”.
The term “dusun” used by the people of the interior refers to living on the farm, so the term Kadazandusun, hence means “people of the farm”.

]]> 2021-11-09 14:36:33 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878447232 Journal Article : Sabah's People and History fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878453619 Key points :

The Kadazan-Dusun is the largest ethnic group in Sabah.
Kadazan-Dusun is the term assigned to the unification of the classification of two indigenous tribes in Sabah.

]]> 2021-11-09 14:38:16 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878453619 Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878456785 Key points :

Rice cultivation plays a vital role in local culture & society with paddies growing around coastal Sabah and along mountain and hillside terraces.
Each stage of growing and harvesting was once associated with a specific ritual to appease spirits.
This strong connection to rice and traditions can be experienced at the annual Harvest Festival, or Kaamatan,held on May 30 and 31.

]]> 2021-11-09 14:39:09 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878456785 Thesis : Language Attitudes of Kadazandusun People Toward Their Mother Tongue fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878463405 Key points :

The Kadazandusun is the largest indigenous group in the state of Sabah.
In a study by Banker & Banker (1997), they have classified Kadazan as a Dusunic language.
In January 24, 1995 the Kadazan Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA) and the United Sabah Dusun Assocation (USDA) came to an agreement to use the term ‘Kadazandusun’ as an official name for the Dusunic group.
Central Dusun - used dialects of Bunduliwan (Bundu and Liwan)

]]> 2021-11-09 14:40:51 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878463405 Thesis : The Use of Kadazandusun Language in the Teaching of Mother Tongue Language fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878491729 Key points :

Spoken by about 750,000 speakers living in districts in Sabah such as Penampang, Papar, Tuaran, Tambunan, Ranau and Keningau.
Spoken in different dialects depending on the location.
Tangara dialect is used predominantly in the Westcoast areas.
Bundu-Liwan speakers are more widespread in the interior areas.
Differs in the pronunciation and the various meanings a word can have from one district to another.

]]> 2021-11-09 14:48:51 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1878491729 Journal Article : The Rungus - The Art of Blending Traditional Life-Style into the 20th Century fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880207723 Key point :

A sub-group of the Kadazan-Dusun with a distinctive language and dialects , architecture, customs and clothing.

]]> 2021-11-10 03:28:45 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880207723 Journal Article : People, Culture and Customs fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880214216 Key points :

The Rungus that are living in the Kudat district - known to have maintained their ancient traditions to this day.
Some of the women still wear costumes made from cloth processed form hand grown and handspun cotton.
Also well-known for their beadwork and the costume shows off some of their finest.

]]> 2021-11-10 03:31:52 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880214216 Article : Rungus Dictionary fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880217503 Key points :

Spoken by 55,000 people in the far north of Sabah, Malaysia.
Classified as Austronesian, specifically Dusunic.
Several dialects: Pilapazan (Central Rungus or Rungus Tanga), Gandahon, Nuluw and Gonsomon.
Other names for this language - Momogun and Rungus Dusun.

]]> 2021-11-10 03:33:27 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880217503 Article : Rungus-Dusun fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880221707 Key points :

The Rungus - people of northern Borneo who live in the Kudat Division of Sabah.
The dialect is a member of the Dusunic language family.

]]> 2021-11-10 03:35:27 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880221707 Article : Etnik Rungus: Siapakah Mereka Dan Dari Mana Mereka Datang? fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880223205 Key points :

The Rungus ethnic language is classified as Astronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Sabahan, Dusunic, and Dusun.
Dialects based on the location they live; Gandahon, Gonsomon, Nuluw, Pilapazan (Central Rungus, Rungus Tanga).
Dialects that are well-known among them; Gonsomon and Nuluw.

]]> 2021-11-10 03:35:59 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1880223205 Journal : People & History fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1881898568 Key points :

An indigenous ethnic group - comprises 29 sub-ethnic groups inhabiting the northern inland regions of Borneo.
The last of Sabah's ethnic groups to renounce headhunting.
This is because collecting heads of enemies traditionally served a very important role in Murut spiritual beliefs.
The literal translation of murut is "hill people".

]]> 2021-11-10 16:59:17 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1881898568 Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1881920447 Key points :

Live in the interior and are known as the ‘hill people’.
Comprising several subgroups and boasting multiple languages.

]]> 2021-11-10 17:07:23 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1881920447 Journal : People & Culture: Murut fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1881935278 Key points :

Comprise of subgroups such as Baukan, Gana', Kalabakan, Okolod, Paluan, Sulangai, Serudung, Tagal, Timugon and the Beaufort and Keningau Murut.
"Murut" means "hill people".
Speak 15 languages and 21 dialects.
Language commonly used and understood by the large majority is Tanggal.
Related to the Kadazandusun languages.
The Murut these days have abandoned much of their age-old traditions especially headhunting.

]]> 2021-11-10 17:12:54 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1881935278 Article : Murut People fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1881963385 Key points :

Least numerous of the indigenous ethnic groups of Indonesian Borneo.
Speaking a distinctive Austronesian language also called Murut.

]]> 2021-11-10 17:23:34 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1881963385 Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884200298 Key points :

Sabah's second-largest ethnic group.
Migrated to East Malaysia in the 16th century from the southern Philippines.

]]> 2021-11-11 13:47:57 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884200298 Journal Article : People, Culture & Customs fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884243734 Key points :

The second-largest indigenous tribe in Sabah.
Found in large numbers along the shore, particularly between Kota Kinabalu and Kota Belud, and in the Semporna region.
were once mariners, and many of them were formerly dreaded pirates.
The renown "Cowboy Horsemen" of Sabah, the West Coast Bajaus, are now mostly farmers and cattle ranchers.
Traditionally coastal residents and fishermen although have lived on land.
Muslims who claim lineage from the Johor Malays and are said to have fled from the Philippines.

]]> 2021-11-11 14:04:04 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884243734 Article : Bajau - Orientation fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884260396 Key points :

2 closely related variants of Bajau, known as Central and Southern Sama, are spoken in Sabah's eastern coastal areas.
Southern Sama is spoken in Semporna and southern Sulu.
Central Sama is spoken in western Tawitawi and central and northern Sulu.

]]> 2021-11-11 14:09:36 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884260396 Article : What language do the Badjao speak? fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884280756 Key points :

The Sama Dilaut are the biggest subgroup or dialect of the Central Sama group.
Southern Sinama is well-known for being more common in that area.

]]> 2021-11-11 14:16:54 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884280756 Thesis : The Bajau Language fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884301038 Key points :

Most Sama-Bajau speakers identify to themselves as 'Sama' or, more specifically, 'Sinama' in central Sulu.
Speak a Malayo-Polynesian dialect that they refer to as 'Sama.'
In the Philippines and Malaysia, the 'Sama' language is spoken.

]]> 2021-11-11 14:23:51 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1884301038 fatihahsyahirah02 https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1886860084 2021-11-12 15:10:06 UTC https://padlet.com/fatihahsyahirah02/q2ao8q8llg45y7lx/wish/1886860084