Educational Philosophies by CINDY GRACE MEDALLA

William C. Bagley

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Main Focus

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Emphasizes core knowledge and skills for effective citizenship.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Teacher-centered, focused on basic subjects and strict discipline.

Intellectual Focus

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Academic mastery of essential subjects.

Societal Values

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Preserving and transmitting cultural heritage.

Student's Role

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Passive, receiver of knowledge.

Teacher's Role

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Authority figure, directs learning.

Mortimer Adler, Robert Hutchins

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Main Focus

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Focuses on enduring ideas and universal truths.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Teacher-centered, emphasizes classic literature and timeless knowledge.

Intellectual Focus

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Truths that transcend time.

Societal Values

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Stability, moral and intellectual development.

Teacher's Role

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Knowledgeable authority, delivers established truths.

Student's Role

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Passive, studies classical works.

John Dewey

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Main Focus

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Focuses on practical, hands-on learning, and problem-solving.

Intellectual Focus

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Problem-solving, critical thinking.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Student-centered, learning through experience and experimentation,

Societal Values

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Flexibility, social adaptation, democratic values

Student's Role

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Active, involved in inquiry.

Teacher's Role

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Facilitator, creates problem-solving situations.

Jean-Paul Sartre, Søren Kierkegaard

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Main Focus

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Focuses on individual choice, freedom, and personal responsibility.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Student-centered, encourages personal choice and self-exploration.

Intellectual Process

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Self-awareness, personal decision-making.

Societal Values

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Individualism, personal freedom.

Student's Role

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Active participant, decision-maker.

Teacher's Role

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Guide, helps students find meaning.

B.F. Skinner, John Watson

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Main Focus

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Focuses on observable behavior shaped by the environment.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Teacher-centered, uses reinforcement and conditioning.

Intellectual Focus

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Observable, measurable behavior.

Societal Values

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Efficiency, social conformity, and productivity.

Student's Role

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Passive, responds to stimuli.

Teacher's Role

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Controller, reinforces desired behaviors.

Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

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Main Focus

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Focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and feelings.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Student-centered, emphasizes self-directed learning and emotional well-being.

Intellectual Focus

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Self-fulfillment, personal potential.

Societal Values

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Personal freedom, empathy, individual well-being.

Student's Role

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Active, self-directed

Teacher's Role

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Facilitator, nurtures personal growth.

Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky

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Main Focus

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Focuses on learners constructing their own understanding.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Student-centered, active learning through exploration and collaboration.

Intellectual Focus

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Constructing meaning through experience.

Societal Values

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Social interaction, collaborative learning.

Student's Role

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Active, constructs knowledge

Teacher's Role

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Guide, co-learner, supports exploration.

John Dewey, Francis Parker

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Main Focus

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Focuses on student interests and real-world problem-solving.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Student-centered, learning through inquiry, projects, and experience.

Intellectual Focus

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Innovation, problem-solving, inquiry.

Societal Values

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Social progress, democratic ideals.

Student's Role

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Active, inquiry-based learner

Teacher's Role

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Facilitator, encourages experimentation and inquiry.

George Counts, Theodore Brameld

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Main Focus

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Focuses on addressing social injustices and rebuilding society.

Teaching-Learning Process

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Student-centered, addresses societal issues through critical dialogue.

Intellectual Focus

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Critical consciousness, social reform.

Societal Values

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Social justice, equity, and transformation.

Student's Role

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Active, critical thinker, reformer.

Teacher's Role

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Facilitator, helps students engage in societal issues.