The proletariat refers to people who have nothing, such as workers and peasants.

2.Marxism believes that power is the ability of a class to realize its interests, and class relations are power relations. He regards power as a tool to maintain production relations, and believes that power acts as a class-ruling role linked to a certain production relationship. In society, only the economy is dominant, and the fundamental purpose of power is to serve the economy.

3. Capitalism is “a system of production that contrasts radically with all previous economic systems”.  Although both classes depend on each other, this dependency is unbalanced: Workers have little or no control over their labor and working conditions. A condition in which men are dominated by the forces of their own creation which then confront them as an alien power.

4. Marx argues that except in the ‘primitive communist stage’, the history of human beings and social institutions are characterized by social inequality. 

The proletariat refers to the working class who lose means of production and are employed by selling their labor force for a living.
2.Marx's concept of "social power" is mainly a relationship between man's domination and being dominated.  In Marx's view, power at the social level is the essential expression of power at the political level.  
3.The source of power is traditional rights, rights given by God, rights given by law。German classical philosophy

Classical Political economy in England

Utopian socialism in France.

4.Marx argues that a new form of class conflict, naming Capitalism, characterizes the modern world. There is going to be a revolution, Marx suggests, that will destroy Capitalism. The eventual replacement of Capitalism is Communism.

contrasts radically with all previous

economic systems”. Capitalism has two main elements: capital and wage labour. According to Marx, Capitalism is an economic system in which relations between the two main classes ( bourgeoisie & proletariat) are

characterised by conflict and not functional collaboration. Class conflicts is the motor of history and the motivation for historical developments. Although both classes depend on each other, but

this dependency is unbalanced: Workers have little

or no control over their labour and working

conditions. Whereas in alienation, Under Capitalism, workers are alienated as they lose

control over their

- objects of labour where workers have no ownership of the

products or tools of production.

- the process of production where workers do not play a part is

setting organisational goals

-  workers : due to increasing division of labour and

competition.

- Himself/herself, where work is an enforced activity simply the

means for survival and no longer an expression of

individuals’ creativity & freedom.

Marx regards ‘the capitalist relations of production as the source of alienation in modern capitalist societies.

4. There is going to be a revolution, Marx 

suggests, that will destroy capitalism. The eventual replacement of capitalism is communism.Communism will put an end to classes in the society, hence, it will the final permanent state of the society. 

Second, workers do not understand the means of production and become hired workers who sell their labor for a living.

Third, the capitalist takes free possession of the surplus value created by the employed workers.
3.The essence of socialism is to liberate and develop the productive forces, eliminate exploitation, eliminate polarization and eventually achieve common prosperity  
4. No, there is a huge gap between rich and poor in the world, and education and some resources are not distributed equally to everyone.
5.Yes,  to modern, mainly its reference, and its development direction.