EDF3034 ASSIGNMENT 1 by Adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo Alina Koh, Danielle Goh Qianqi, Poh Jing Shi, Adeline en-us 2020-08-08 15:02:22 UTC 2020-09-30 12:08:25 UTC hello@padlet.com adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/673144017

]]> 2020-08-08 15:04:58 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/673144017 1. Phonological Awareness and Reading adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/673144109 This resource provides educator the insights of the relationship between reading and phonological awareness. Also, how Phonological Awareness would allow child to attend to discriminate, remember, and manipulate sounds at the sentence, word, syllable, and phoneme sound throughout their learning process.

Correlational studies have shown strong concurrent and predictive relations between phonemic awareness and success in reading. It was shown that, children who had difficulty with
phonological awareness tasks such as blending sounds together to make words, segmenting words into sounds, and manipulating initial and final consonants typically remained in the bottom quarter of their class in reading years later (Liberman, Shankweiler, Fischer, & Carter, 1974; Mann, 1984). ]]> 2020-08-08 15:05:14 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/673144109 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/676618795 2020-08-12 02:44:41 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/676618795 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/679712037 2020-08-14 01:03:13 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/679712037 3. Ways Parents can use to build Phonological Awareness in Children adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/679712185 This resources offers parents ways and simple activities to build Phonological Awareness with children. 

Through simple suggested activities like playing with words, rhymes and syllables, this allows parents to take learning beyond classroom and extend children's Phonological Awareness at home.

Rhyming and clapping of syllables is often taught first when it comes to the sequence to teaching phonemic awareness skills. With children able to listen, recognise and then generate rhyming words, then they can identify beginning sounds, final sounds, and medial sounds (Resources for Early Learning (REL), 2014).

Parent involvement is the number one predictor of early literacy success and future academic achievement (Burton, 2013). With parents to continue to scaffold children's phonological awareness at home, children can continue to extend their learning better even when they are out of the classroom.]]> 2020-08-14 01:03:24 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/679712185 1. Emergent Literacy for Phonics daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681653643 This resource offers various phonics documents and PDF which educators are able to download and use as a guide. 

By tapping on children’s broad knowledge of reading and their favoured modes of learning, whole-to-part phonics provides an appealing option as children are fixate on the development of meaning in lieu of interpreting the text (Dombey, Moustafa, Barrs, 1988).]]> 2020-08-16 03:51:09 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681653643 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681654534 2020-08-16 03:55:01 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681654534 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681676881 Abu Al Rub, M. (2017). The Impact of Small Group Instruction on Preschool Literacy Skills. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS], 11(4), 794-802. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol11iss4pp794-802

Adam. I. (2017). Vygotsky’s social constructivists theory of learning. Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/814b/464a27539857222315137a8efa7d405469b6.pdf

Association for Early Childhood Educators (Singapore). (2010). Code of ethics handbook: An 
essential companion for daily practice. (pp.4, 29, 30). Retrieved from: https://www.aeces.org/wp-content/themes/aeces/pdf/Code-of-Ethics-Handbook.pdf 

Boon. H. (2015). Purposeful Play and Why it is Important. Retrieved from:  https://mosaic.cis.edu.sg/article-post/purposeful-play-and-why-it-is-important

Brown, C. S. (2014). Language and Literacy Development in Early Years: Foundational Skills that Support Emergent Readers. Language and Literacy Spectrum. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1034914.pdf

Burton. E. (2013). Parent Involvement in Early Literacy: Why reading with your child every night is not enough. Retrieved from: https://www.edutopia.org/blog/parent-involvement-in-early-literacy-erika-burton

Dombey. H., Moustafa. M., Barrs. M. (1988). Whole to Part Phonics: How Children Learn To Read and Spell. Centre for Language in Primary Education.

Fellowes. J., Oakley. G. (2014). Language, literacy and early childhood education. 2nd Ed. (pp. 295, 333, 335, 345). Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press

Fletcher. J. (2018). Zone of proximal development (ZPD). Retrieved from:  https://www.sace.sa.edu.au/web/iea/research/assessment-insider/articles/zpd

Garnett, K. (2011). Fluency in learning to read: Conceptions, misconceptions, learning disabilities, and instructional moves. In J. R. Birsh (Ed.), Multisensory teaching of basic language skills.

Hayes. C. 2016. The Effects of Sight Word Instruction on Student’s Reading Abilities. Retrieved from: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1327&context=education_ETD_masters.

Ismail. M. (2015). Web based e-learning system for pre-school kids. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319360301_Web_Based_E-learning_System_for_Pre-school_Kids

Liberman, I. Y., Shankweiler, D., Fischer, F. W., & Carter, B. (1974). Reading and the awareness of linguistic segments. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology.

Mann, V. A. (1984). Longitudinal prediction and prevention of early reading difficulty. Annals of Dyslexia.

McKinnon, D. (2017). Early Years Literacy Instructions. BU Journal of Graduate Studies in Education.

Mielonen. A.M., Paterson. W. (2009). Developing literacy through play. Retrieved from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1134673.pdf

Ministry of Education. (2013). Nurturing Early Learners: A curriculum for Kindergartens in Singapore - Language and Literacy. Ministry of Education.

National Research Council. 1998. Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.17226/6023.

OCED. (2009). The professional development of teachers. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/berlin/43541636.pdf

Reading Rockets. 2020. Word Decoding and Phonics. Retrieved from: https://www.readingrockets.org/helping/target/phonics#:~:text=Decoding%20is%20the%20ability%20to,they%20haven't%20seen%20before.

Resources for Early Learning (REL). 2014. Having Fun with Phonemic Awareness: Introduction. Retrieved from: http://resourcesforearlylearning.org/fm/about/

Russak, S., Wong, R. (2019). How Phonics can give children a head start with reading English. British Council. Retrieved from https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/how-phonics-can-give-children-head-start-reading-english

Schickedanz, J. A. (1999). Much More than the ABCs: The Early Stages of Reading and Writing. National Association for the Education of Young Children, Washington, DC.

ŞEN, Ü. (2016). Video Self-Modeling Technique that Can be Used in Improving the Abilities of Fluent Reading and Fluent Speaking. International Education Studies

Sitthitikul, P. (2014). Theoretical Review of Phonics Instructions for Struggling/ Beginning Readers of English. PASAA: Journal of Language Teaching and Learning in Thailand.

Victoria State Government. 2018. Literacy Teaching Toolkit: Phonics (emergent literacy). Retrieved from: https://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/professionals/learning/ecliteracy/emergentliteracy/Pages/phonics.aspx

Victoria State Government. 2020. Literacy Teaching Toolkit: Phonological awareness. Retrieved from: https://www.education.vic.gov.au/childhood/professionals/learning/ecliteracy/emergentliteracy/Pages/phonics.aspx

Yaw, J., Skinner, C. H., Orsega, M. C., Parkhurst, J., Booher, J., & Chambers, K. (2012). Evaluating a Computer-Based Sight-Word Reading Intervention in a Student with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal Of Applied School Psychology.
]]> 2020-08-16 05:29:57 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681676881 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681679185 2020-08-16 05:38:43 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681679185 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681679400 2020-08-16 05:39:27 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681679400 1. Teaching Practices for Reading & Viewing daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681679658 This resource provides a range of materials for educators that can be utilised to teach literacy.  The resource contains various practices of readings (e.g modelled reading, guided reading, etc.) 

Reading  is an essential component as it lays the foundation for alphabets work, phonological awareness, as well as, phonics development (McKinnon, 2017). ]]> 2020-08-16 05:40:29 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681679658 2. Teaching Reading & Viewing daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681679699 This resource offers various activity which educator can use as a resource; to tweak the activities to in accordance to the class’s abilities. 

Research have shown that children will have difficulty advancing from first grade reading and writing instructions should they not have a solid foundation of literacy knowledge and skills (Schickedanz, 1999).]]> 2020-08-16 05:40:40 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681679699 2. Phonological & Phonemic Awareness daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681680280
Phonological awareness will allow children to have an awareness of the sound structure of spoken language. In phonological, there are four different levels; word level, syllable level, rhyme level and phoneme level. The levels, however, are not developed in a fixed order and they do not represent stages (MOE, 2013). Phonological awareness consist of “rhyming and phonemic identification and manipulation” and it should be taught alongside with alphabets and decoding skills so as to create a meaningful instructions (McKinnon, 2017). ]]> 2020-08-16 05:43:25 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681680280 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681680319 2020-08-16 05:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681680319 1. Fluency daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681680807 This resource provides more information in regards to fluency.  Educator will be able to find more information and resources. There are also articles to browse through as well as a section for parents. The resources also provides research briefs and videos should the adults be keen to dive deeper into ‘fluency’.  

Fluent reading is seen as one being able to take in consideration the sentence flow and at the same time, taking note of the punctuation marks, emphasis and intonation without the need of re-reading and reiteration of words (ŞEN, 2016). ]]> 2020-08-16 05:45:57 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681680807 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681680833 2020-08-16 05:46:05 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/681680833 5. Teaching Tool Kit for Phonological Awareness adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682074326 Lastly, this enriched resource contains a variety of teaching tool kits for parents and educators to tap on. These kits includes, materials to Phonological awareness skills, rhyme awareness, segmenting words into sounds, et cera.

Phonological awareness consists of words into syllables, rhyme awareness, alteration, onset rime segmentation, initial and final sound, blending sounds into words, segmenting words into sounds and deleting and manipulating sounds. The above mentioned competencies of phonemic awareness is a critical subset of phonological awareness (Victoria State Government, 2020). With this resource, parents and educators can extend their child's learning or evaluate their child with the interesting activities.]]> 2020-08-17 00:50:48 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682074326 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682074535 2020-08-17 00:51:06 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682074535 4. Teaching Phonological Awareness adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682075993 This source provides tips on teaching phonological awareness and also how educators can help students who struggles with it.

Some tips are, to conduct one to one interventions or in a small group of two to three children.

Study results has also shown that, using small group instructional setting was an effective way to increase preschool student's literacy skill levels (Abu, 2017).]]> 2020-08-17 00:53:24 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682075993 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682076574 2020-08-17 00:54:19 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682076574 2. What is decoding adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682078278 One of the key component of word recognition would be decoding. This resource explains the importance and benefits from word identification and decoding. It mentions that, decoding skills is required for children read and write. This resource also teaches parents or educators how to effectively teach word decoding.

With the decoding ability, the child may apply their knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words. With that, they can also better understand these relationships and also have the ability to recognise familiar words quickly and figure words they haven’t seen before (Reading Rockets, 2020).
]]> 2020-08-17 00:57:09 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682078278 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682078578 2020-08-17 00:57:38 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682078578 5. Word recognition lesson plan adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682078604 This resource includes a series of suggested lesson plan to conduct word recognition activities with the children.

This resource provides directional learning and precise teaching goals for educators to achieve. After which, it allows educators to better evaluate children’s level of understanding. From there, educators can adjust and amend the lesson ability to suit children’s level of understanding.]]> 2020-08-17 00:57:40 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682078604 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682078957 2020-08-17 00:58:09 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682078957 3. Sight words adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682079848 As not all written regular words could be decoded or blended, these groups of words are categorized under - Sight words. Words that would have to be memorized or recognized by sight. This resource provides instructional tasks which allows educators and parents to teach and emphasize sight word recognition with children. This resource also has instructional materials for parents or educators as well.

Research shown that sight words plays a huge role in reading acquisition as well as the ability become lifelong learner (Hayes, 2016). Once a student begins learning sight words it will give them more confidence in their reading abilities and in turn will reduce frustration that comes with learning to read (Yaw, 2012). 
]]> 2020-08-17 00:59:29 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682079848 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682080572 2020-08-17 01:00:48 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682080572 1. Word recognition skills: One of the Two Essential Components of Reading Comprehension adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682081861 This resource provides a background of the importance of Word recognitions skills. With this resource, educators and parents will be able to identify the underlying elements of word recognition, have access to research-based instructional activities to teach phonological awareness, decoding and sight recognition of irregular sight words.

As extracted from the resource, children needs to be taught the elements necessary for automatic word recognition which consist of, phonological awareness, decoding, sight recognition or frequent and familiar words. Before teaching children to read, a critical early objective is to ensure that they are able to read words with instant or automatic recognition (Garnett, 2011).

]]> 2020-08-17 01:02:42 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682081861 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682084796 2020-08-17 01:07:12 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682084796 4. Free Sight Word activity adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682089641 This resource is a fun free online game activity which allows educators or parents to strengthen and evaluate the child's sight word skills.

With this fun activity, it is an opportunity for children to learn through play. As children learnt best when they are having fun and enjoying activities, and children have fun when they are playing (Boon, 2015). Though this play activity, it allows children to make connections with things that are familiar to them easily. ]]> 2020-08-17 01:14:00 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682089641 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682097795 2020-08-17 01:25:32 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/682097795 2. The Importance of Automaticity and Fluency For Efficient Reading Comprehension alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686640937  This resource indicates the importance of fluency for comprehension. It also highlights the relationship between phonemic awareness, phonics and orthographic reading. 

It is highlighted by LaBerge and Samuels (1974, cited in Fellowes & Oakley, 2014) that when a reader has automaticity of word recognition, it allows the reader to be engaged in higher level thinking required for comprehension as they have sufficient attentional and cognitive capacity.
There are various important reasons why a child should be able to read fluently. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000, as cited in Fellowes & Oakley, 2014) mentioned that The National Reading Panel (USA) stated that readers who are fluent develop more positive attitudes towards reading and therefore, are highly likely to do more reading and in turn become better readers and learners. ]]> 2020-08-19 07:17:35 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686640937 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686645452 2020-08-19 07:22:43 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686645452 3. 5 Surefire Strategies for Developing Reading Fluency alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686648806 This article offers 5 different strategies/techniques in which an educator could use to help children in developing their fluency in reading. However, we must note that the child's needs should be assessed so as to be able to use the appropriate technique that would best benefit the child. 

This resource is supported by Fellowes and Oakley (2014) as they mentioned the five-day cycle that Zutell et al. (2006) developed, which is a technique used to help children struggling with reading. 
Both the resource and the five-day cycle possess similarities as both starts with the educator reading the book first then slowly progresses to the child reading plain text on their own. ]]> 2020-08-19 07:26:39 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686648806 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686651837 2020-08-19 07:30:32 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686651837 1. Motivating and engaging students in reading alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686659470 In this article it shows the progression of the child's reading from motivation in primary grades to understanding texts in high school. 

Primary Grades:
Some children enter school being more interested in reading than others. As parents read to them on a daily basis it allows them to acquire curiosity in reading which in turn builds their motivation and interest.
According to Morgan and Fuchs (2007, as cited in Cambria & Guthrie, 2010), reading skills and motivation to reading works hand in hand in primary grades. 

Intermediate grades: 
Some students becomes dedicated and interested. According to Guthrie, Coddington and Wigfield (2009, as cited in Cambria & Guthrie, 2010), there are positive effects on student's grades when they are able to affiliate their interest (what they like) and dedication (what they must).
At this point of time, dedication becomes the motivation for reading. 

High school:
Student's dedication to reading becomes an attempt to understand texts. They desire to make connections between the different sections of texts and integrate them to their prior knowledge.  

]]> 2020-08-19 07:40:36 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686659470 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686677813 2020-08-19 07:58:42 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686677813 2. Reading skills for academic study: Understanding Text alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686744454 This article describes the importance of understanding text as well as describes the essence of what it means to understand text in academic reading. 

Fellowes & Oakley (2014) states that reading loses it's meaning without comprehension. ]]> 2020-08-19 09:35:03 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686744454 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686745569 2020-08-19 09:37:00 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686745569 3. Seven Strategies to Teach Students Text Comprehension alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686745792 This article explains the seven strategies that an educator may use to teach students how to understand text. 
1. Monitoring Comprehension
2. Metacognition
3. Graphic and Semantic Organizers
4. Answering Questions
5. Generating Questions
6. Recognizing Story Structure
7. Summarizing

This resource is essential as Fellowes and Oakley (2014) mentioned that reading is a difficult task to children who have trouble understanding text. They further elaborated that these children may lose their motivation in reading and avoid reading entirely which will result in them falling behind not in just reading skills but other subject areas. Through activities implemented in the curriculum along with discussions by the educators, it helps children increase their word and conceptual knowledge (Fellowes & Oakley, 2014)

In this article, Adler (n.d.) mentioned that comprehensions strategies are used to help readers make sense of text through a set of steps. Adler further explains that it allows students who are in control of their own reading comprehension to become purposeful and active readers.]]> 2020-08-19 09:37:27 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686745792 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686749550 2020-08-19 09:43:56 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686749550 3. Reading with preschoolers daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686881892 This resource has questions that adults can adopt to prompt children with regards to the book (E.g Prior to reading the book, while reading the book, looking at the book’s text, etc.). There are also tips to get children engaged in the story as well as a list of recommended books to read with the preschooler. McKinnon (2017) states that reading struggles can be averted if the school focuses on phonemic awareness, phonics and sight vocabulary.  ]]> 2020-08-19 12:35:45 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686881892 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686884567 2020-08-19 12:37:21 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686884567 4. Nurturing Early Learners - Language & Literacy daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686889544 This resource has plenty of information with regards to reading and viewing. In the reading section, it contains information that are able to guide the educator.  

Preschool education plays a vital role in developing literacy and prohibiting reading difficulties. Most children adopt an identical method and array of reading behaviours. Both skills and behaviour that are attained in the initial phrase acts as a support for subsequent proficiency and mastery. Both of which are the constituent which children grasp to apply to establish a more higher-level to grow into proficient readers (Brown, 2014). 

]]> 2020-08-19 12:40:27 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686889544 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686889919 2020-08-19 12:40:42 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686889919 5. Story time for Preschoolers daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686897012
This resource has plenty of information and pointers to note if the child knows a lot about reading (e.g books are read from front to back). This website also offers tips such as re-reading the book multiple times as the child is mastering many skills with each re-reading.

As quoted from Brown (2014), “through active engagement in the reading process, children learn ways to use their growing knowledge and skills flexibly and in combination with all domains of development”. Brown (2014) also states that reading calls for the understanding, integration and the utilisation of knowledge and various skills.]]> 2020-08-19 12:44:40 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686897012 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686897169 2020-08-19 12:44:45 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686897169 2. Teaching Phonics daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686903892 This resources gives an insight of what, why and how of Phonics. It offers some pointers in regards to the child’s age - from preschool age all the way to Primary One. Thus, this allows for adults to have a better sense of what the child should know/lack of. 

Phonics helps children to decode words and that there are many ways to teach phonics (Sitthitikul, 2014).  ]]> 2020-08-19 12:48:28 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686903892 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686904000 2020-08-19 12:48:33 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686904000 3. Phonics Lesson Plan daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686905493 Phonics act as a stepping stone that will  help them in their writing and spelling as they have the competency to decode words. By decoding words, it allows them to learn how to pronounce the letters and at the same time, learning what it means. 

This resources contains various activities that educator can use to engage the children to learn phonics in a more fun and engaging way. 

Studies have shown that young children excels in reading skills if they were taught using the phonics approach as compared to the whole-language approach. Phonics approach focuses on analytical skills while whole-language approach advocates for memorisation of individual words (Russak & Wong, 2019).]]> 2020-08-19 12:49:27 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686905493 daniellegohqq https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686905711 2020-08-19 12:49:35 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686905711 4. iPad Apps and Activities for Fluency Practice alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686958905 In this article it recommended 4 iPad Apps and activities that the students can conduct to practice fluency. 

According to NEL (2012) All planned and unplanned interactions, experiences, transitions and routines that happens in a surrounding designed to develop children's holistic development is termed as Curriculum. 
According to Ismail (2015), a child's understanding and reading ability is differs due to the differences in training and background of the child.
Children's way of learning has changed due to the rapid growth in technology as compared to early days when teaching and learning are conducted formally in classrooms (Agudo, et al. 2010, as cited in Ismail, 2015). He further elaborates that materials used for learning and teaching has changed from physical blackboards to sophisticated gadgets to support the teaching and learning of a child at any level. ]]> 2020-08-19 13:15:36 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686958905 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686978521 2020-08-19 13:23:33 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/686978521 4. Letter sound game adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/688517655 This resource provides a game for children to interact and learn about letter names and sound.

Phonics knowledge allows children to understand the link between sounds (phonemes) and letter patterns (graphemes) (Victoria State Government, 2018). With this resource, parents or educators can extend children's learning, as well as to evaluate them while they use the application.]]> 2020-08-20 00:55:06 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/688517655 adelinepjs https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/688517878 2020-08-20 00:55:19 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/688517878 4. 5 Creative ESL Reading Comprehension Activities Your Students Will Love alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/691241012 This article presents 5 interesting activities apart from worksheets, to enable students to test their understanding of words (written). In this article it highlights play activities to enhance a student's reading comprehension. 

According to Mielonen and Paterson (2009), children learn the way language works and understand how to interact with people through play. They further elaborated that children will eventually learn to make connection between meaning of spoken language and written language. ]]> 2020-08-21 13:01:18 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/691241012 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/691252058 2020-08-21 13:07:38 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/691252058 5. What the problem looks like and how to help? alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/691270138 It is essential to be able to identify the problem in different perspectives: Student, Teacher, Parent. 
This resource provides a guide to how a student/teacher/parent is able to spot the problem with fluency as well as what can they do to help improve fluency. 

Vygotsky mentioned that the through a person's interactions with the world it constructs the human mind and is also an attribute between the person and the object. (Verenikina, 2010, as cited in Adam, 2017). This supports the idea of this resource as it focuses on how the people around the reader can help in the reader's learning. Therefore, linking to Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development Theory, where a more knowledgeable other supports the learning of a person who needs help (Fletcher, 2018).
 ]]> 2020-08-21 13:16:06 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/691270138 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/691275487 2020-08-21 13:18:39 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/691275487 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/692819998 2020-08-22 11:55:53 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/692819998 Subject Knowledge for Teaching alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/692820169 This resource provides educators with a portfolio to gather the information of how much essential knowledge an educator possess on the topic itself. Therefore, giving the educator an opportunity to develop themselves (through attending courses) to be better able to deliver lesson plans to assist children in developing their phonic knowledge. 

This is in line with the Association for Early Childhood (Singapore) (2010) Code of Ethics 2.4.5 "We are truthful in presenting professional qualifications, experience and affiliations" and Code of Ethics 2.4.6 "We share professional knowledge and experience with the early childhood fraternity by way of mentoring"
According to OECD (2009), professional development can be assessed in formal and informal ways. She further elaborated that the term "Professional Development" are activities that aid in the development of skills, knowledge and other characteristics as a teacher. ]]> 2020-08-22 11:56:36 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/692820169 5. Reading Assessment alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/692834373 In this resource, it mentioned that assess a child's level of comprehension is important as well as to identify their strengths and weaknesses. 

As according to MOE (2013), being able to understand text is a major goal in reading. Through asking questions or getting them to retell a story, it allows the educator to assess their level of understanding of the text given. 
Through the assessment, teachers are better able to identify children who needs help and according to MOE (2013), provide scaffolding to the children to help children in their comprehension. ]]> 2020-08-22 12:43:59 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/692834373 alinakohjh https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/692837188 2020-08-22 12:52:56 UTC https://padlet.com/adelinepjs/q0vszuafbu46chxo/wish/692837188