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      <title>Herbal Authentication_IUP 2023 by hertiani hertiani</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr</link>
      <description>Upload the result of your group discussion</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2023-11-15 02:09:02 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2023-11-16 15:24:10 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>Gambar Tumbuhan Asal dan Simplisia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2786725007</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Tumbuhan Skullcap <em>(Scutellaria lateriflora) dan </em>Simplisia Kering Akar Skullcap <em>(Scutellaria lateriflora radix) </em></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-13 04:05:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2786725007</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Herbal Product</title>
         <author>dayutriulyafitra</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791864562</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:27:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791864562</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Curcumae longae</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791864649</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><em>Curcumae longae</em> Rhizoma. As stated in the Latin name, the roots of the <em>Curcumae longae </em>plants, known as Kunyit in Indonesia, are used in the production of this plant extract.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:27:24 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>herbal product </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791866383</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:29:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791866383</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Melaleuca Alternifolia. This plant is a native shrub that grows in Australia, but several species also grow in other countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791867527</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:30:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791867527</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Active Compound </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791867762</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Curcuminoids</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:30:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791867762</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Curcumae longae Rhizoma Simplisia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791873509</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:35:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791873509</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Gambar Produk Herbal yang Mengandung Skullcap</title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791876334</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:38:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791876334</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Nama Simplisia</title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791876520</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Akar Skullcap (<em>Scutellaria lateriflora </em>radix)</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:38:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791876520</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Nama Zat Aktif atau Penanda</title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791876840</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Flavonoid (Baicalein-7-O-glucuronide, Scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide, Wogonoside, atau Baicalein)</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:38:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791876840</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Karakteristik Senyawa Penanda</title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877037</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Karakteristik: </p><ul><li><p>Fenilpropanoid glikosida (PPGs) merupakan senyawa alami yang terdapat pada beberapa tanaman obat yang memiliki daya antioksidan tinggi dan aktivitas biologis yang beragam dan dapat sebagai penanda untuk mendeteksi pemalsuan skullcap dengan germander. Fenilpropanoid glikosida mengandung asam rosmarinat atau asam salvianat, yang merupakan komponen khas skullcap. Selain itu, fenilpropanoid glikosida terdiri dari : </p></li></ul><ul><li><p><em>2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-(6-O-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside</em></p></li><li><p><em>calceolarioside B</em></p></li><li><p><em>osmanthuside E</em></p></li><li><p><em>martynoside</em></p></li></ul><p>Dimana keempat senyawa tersebut merupakan senyawa penanda yang tepat untuk digunakan dalam membedakan <em>S. galericulata</em> dengan S. <em>lateriflora</em>.</p><ul><li><p>Baicalein-7-O-glucuronide, berdasarkan hasil spektra NMR menghasilkan spektra berkisar di 16.501</p></li><li><p>Scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide</p></li><li><p>Wogonoside</p></li><li><p>Baicalein, berdasarkan hasil spektra NMR dihasilkan spektra kisaran 26.372</p></li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:39:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877037</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pemalsuan yang Sering Terjadi</title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877352</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>a. Pemalsuan dengan menggunakan spesies Skullcap lain. Contohnya penggantian <em>Scutellaria lateriflora </em>(Skullcap) dengan <em>Scutellaria </em>spp. </p><p>b. Pemalsuan dengan mengganti genus lain. Pada awal 1990-an, telah dilaporkan adanya penggantian Skullcap menjadi <em>Teucrium</em> (Germander), termasuk <em>Teucrium canadense</em> atau <em>Teucrium chamaedrys</em> yang mengandung diterpen furano neo-clerodane.</p><p>c. Perubahan terhadap komposisi struktur kimia pada flavonoid utama dan glikosida fenilpropanoid dapat memberikan efek pemalsuan terhadap senyawa asli (<em>Scutellaria lateriflora</em>). Berikut adalah beberapa contoh untuk senyawa pemalsu lainnya <em>Scutellaria alpina</em>, <em>Scutellaria galericulata</em>, <em>Scutellaria incana</em>, <em>Scutellaria ovata</em>, <em>Scutellaria baicalensis</em>, <em>Teucrium canadense</em>, <em>Teucrium chamaedrys</em>.  </p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:39:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877352</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Prinsip Metode Analisis Standar Untuk Kontrol Kualitas Rutin</title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877496</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Berikut Metode analisis standar yang digunakan untuk kontrol kualitas rutin:</p><ol><li><p><strong>HPLC</strong></p></li></ol><p>HPLC dapat digunakan sebagai metode analisis kuantitatif yang efisien untuk menganalisis flavonoid. Tujuan melakukan analisis HPLC ini adalah untuk kontrol kualitas, identitas dan keamanan. Prinsip <strong>Prinsip dasar metode analisis HPLC</strong> (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) adalah memisahkan  analit berdasarkan derajat polaritasnya menggunakan dua fase yaitu fase diam (kolom) dan fase gerak (larutan tertentu). HPLC menggunakan tekanan tinggi  untuk mendorong fase gerak. Pelarut pilihan dalam banyak kasus adalah , campuran MeOH-air (dari 6: 4 hingga 8: 2, v/v) atau EtOH-air (6: 4 atau 7: 3, v/v) ), yang akan memberikan ekstraksi flavon-glukuronida yang memadai. </p><p>Cara analisis dengan HPLC </p><ul><li><p>Ekstrak dianalisis dengan HPLC menggunakan fase gerak gradien linier 30%-90% metanol/air yang diasamkan dengan asam fosfat, fase stasioner kolom silika C18, dan deteksi puncak flavonoid dengan UV pada 280 nm. </p></li><li><p>Kuantifikasi total flavonoid didasarkan pada luas puncak senyawa referensi kerja, krisin, yang awalnya dikalibrasi terhadap standar baicalin. Faktor respons yang sama diasumsikan berlaku untuk semua flavonoid. </p></li><li><p>Nilai ditentukan berdasarkan berat kering dengan kandungan air sampel kering ditentukan dengan pengeringan vakum.</p></li></ul><ol start="2"><li><p><strong>Direct MS</strong></p></li></ol><p>Metode MS merupakan metode standar terbanyak yang digunakan di laboratorium yang mampu mendeteksi sejumlah kecil adulterant, dapat digunakan untuk kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode MS ini mampu memberikan jawaban “ya” atau “tidak” tanpa campur tangan analis. Analis dibutuhkan untuk mengatur parameter instrumennya, evaluasi statistik, dan untuk menjalankan instrumen. Kekurangan analisis menggunakan MS adalah waktu sonikasi 1 jam dan volume sampel kecil mengharuskan ekstraksi pada suhu tinggi serta dapat meningkatkan risiko degradasi. </p><ol start="3"><li><p><strong>NMR</strong></p></li></ol><p>Metode NMR memiliki kelebihan seperti waktu analisis yang singkat, pelarut yang digunakan tidak banyak, dapat diandalkan, statistik tercanggih, dapat digunakan untuk kualitatif dan kuantitatif. <strong> </strong>Hasil NMR mampu membedakan <em>S. lateriflora </em>dengan jelas dari sampel <em>Teucrium</em> dan instrumen akan memberikan jawaban “ya” atau “tidak”. <strong>Prinsip metode NMR </strong>adalah dengan membandingkan antara spektrum sampel yang dihasilkan dengan spektrum referensi dari skullcap yang otentik, sehingga dapat diidentifikasi apakah ada perbedaan atau tidak.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:39:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877496</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Prinsip Metode Analisis untuk Identifikasi Adulterasi</title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877696</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>a) Mikroskopi</strong></p><p>Mikroskopi merupakan metode yang paling mudah untuk mendeteksi adanya pemalsuan dengan menggunakan bahan inert dan bahan pengisi (misalnya selulosa, pati, dan pasir). Dalam autentikasi atau deteksi pemalsuan, uji mikroskopis harus dikombinasikan dengan metode lain yang sesuai, misalnya dengan uji genetik. Kelebihan dari metode ini diantaranya cepat, murah, dapat dengan mudah mendeteksikan pemalsuan dari spesies <em>Teucrium. </em>Namun, kekurangannya yaitu metode ini tidak dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi ekstrak dari <em>S. lateriflora</em> secara spesifik, tidak ada otomatisasi/statistik, dan hasil yang diperoleh bergantung dengan keahlian dari analis. </p><p><br></p><p><strong>b) Genetik</strong></p><p>Metode genetik tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi bagian dari tanaman yang diuji, termasuk S. lateriflora. Oleh karena itu, pengujian genetik biasanya harus digabungkan dengan uji lain yang sesuai agar dapat membedakan bagian tanaman. Hal ini disebabkan metode DNA biasanya tidak tepat dan tidak dapat diandalkan untuk pengujian identitas ekstrak atau bahan olahan tertentu. Namun, metode ini juga memiliki beberapa kelebihan yaitu mampu mendeteksi sejumlah kecil dari pemalsuan.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:39:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877696</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877951</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>c) HPTLC (High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography)</strong></p><p>HPTLC merupakan metode analisis kimia yang digunakan untuk memisahkan dan mengidentifikasi senyawa dalam sampel. Dalam HPTLC, sampel ditempatkan pada suatu lapisan tipis bahan penyerap (biasanya silika atau alumina) yang diterapkan pada suatu plat atau kaca kemudian plat tersebut kromatografi dengan menggunakan pelarut tertentu untuk memisahkan senyawa-senyawa dalam sampel.</p><p>HPTLC digunakan untuk menganalisis komponen-komponen dalam material mentah dan ekstrak Pada HPTLC Digunakan metanol sebagai pelarut ekstraksi akan memperpendek waktu aplikasi (metanol lebih cepat kering daripada larutan etanol 70% berair) dan dapat menghasilkan pita yang lebih seragam.</p><p>Penelitian oleh Hong <em>et al</em>. berhasil mendeteksi sebanyak 0,5% T. chamaedrys dalam <em>S. baicalensis</em> menggunakan kondisi HPTLC dengan memodifikasi sistem pelarut untuk mencakup kondisi yang sesuai untuk komponen yang kurang polar. Modifikasi ini mengakibatkan resolusi yang lebih rendah antara flavon-glukuronida yang melimpah dalam <em>S. baicalensis</em> dan glikosida fenilpropanoid dalam Teucrium.</p><p>Kelebihan dari HPTLC yaitu cepat, tingkat akurasi dan presisi tinggi, sistem dasar yang terjangkau untuk laboratorium yang lebih kecil, dan mampu mendeteksi jumlah kecil bahan pencemar. Kekurangan  dari HPTLC yaitu tidak terdapat statistik, mahal, membutuhkan senyawa standar, dan pengoperasian alat cukup rumit.</p><p><br></p><p><strong>d) HPLC-UV (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection) </strong></p><p>HPLC-UV merupakan metode yang digunakan dalam proses pemisahan dan deteksi senyawa dalam sampel menggunakan teknik kromatografi cair berkinerja tinggi dengan deteksi ultraviolet. HPLC-UV digunakan untuk menganalisis komponen-komponen dalam material mentah dan ekstrak. Pada metode ini, persiapan sampel memakan waktu cukup lama selama proses analisis. Pelarut yang sering digunakan adalah campuran MeOH-air (antara 6:4 dan 8:2, v/v) atau EtOH-air (6:4 atau 7:3, v/v), yang akan memberikan ekstraksi yang memadai dari flavon-glukuronida.</p><p>Metode ini memiliki beberapa kelebihan, yakni peralatan standar yang banyak terdapat di laboratorium, dapat mendeteksi dalam jumlah kecil bahan pencemar, dan sebagian besar bersifat kuantitatif (kurang spesifik dibandingkan HPLC-UV/MS). Lalu, kekurangan dari metode ini, yakni peralatan mahal, seringkali tidak diterapkan statistik (meskipun perangkat lunak tersedia), dan membutuhkan senyawa standar</p><p><br></p><p><br></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:39:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791877951</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>hertiani</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791878123</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>e) MS-Fingerprinting</strong></p><p>MS-Fingerprinting dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi adulterasi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode ini merupakan metode autentikasi berbasis statistika yang cepat dan ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan pelarut yang rendah. MS-Fingerprinting akan mengidentifikasi sampel dengan memberikan jawaban “ya” atau “tidak” yang dibandingkan dengan pustaka bahan autentikasi. Seorang analis perlu mengatur parameter instrumen dan evaluasi statistik, sebelum menjalankan instrumen. Alat ini sangat mahal dan memiliki risiko degradasi yang tinggi karena diperlukan sonikasi selama 1 jam dan volume sampel kecil yang dapat menyebabkan ekstraksi temperatur tinggi. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sangat kecil sehingga menjadi salah satu faktor mengapa metode ini dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi adulterasi. Namun, metode ini belum divalidasi dan tidak ada parameter kesesuaian sistem.</p><p><br></p><p><strong>f) NIR-HSI</strong></p><p>NIR-HSI adalah metode yang cepat, ramah lingkungan, tidak merusak, terjangkau, memiliki selektivitas yang tinggi dan sensitivitas yang rendah dibanding kromatografi konvensional. Sampel bahan mentah, ekstrak, atau bahkan bahan dalam matriks heterogen dapat dianalisis dengan sedikit atau tanpa pra-pemrosesan. Metode HSI dapat menganalisis sampel dengan jumlah besar sehingga menghindari kesalahan pengambilan sampel. Sandasi dkk. melakukan analisis statistik multivariat pada gambar hipersprektral untuk membedakan ketiga spesies yang dianalisis (S. lateriflora, T. canadense, dan T. chamaedrys) dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode statistik sehingga diperoleh jawaban “ya” atau “tidak” tanpa bergantung pada interpretasi seorang ahli. Metode ini hanya dapat mendeteksi campuran dengan Teucrium spp. pada kadar ≥ 40%. Hal ini karena kesalahan deteksi (deviasi antara nilai pasti dan prediksi) menjadi lebih besar seiring dengan persentase adulterasi/pemalsuan.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:40:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791878123</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Characteristic marker compound of tea tree</title>
         <author>dayutriulyafitra</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791879796</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>It is well known that the distinguishing molecules in tea tree oil give it its scent and medicinal qualities. When analysing the quality of tea tree oil, several components are frequently discovered and quantified. Among the distinctive marker compounds found in tea trees ingredients are terpinen-4-ol, which has strong antifungal and antibacterial qualities. Eucalyptol, also known as 1,8-cineole, gives the oil a revitalising scent and enhances its antibacterial properties. γ-Terpinene has antimicrobial properties and contributes to the distinct tea tree scent. The oil's antibacterial properties and scent are attributed to the presence of α-Terpinene. Terpinolene adds to the oil's aromatic profile and strengthens its antifungal qualities. p-Cymene is a small component that can affect the tea tree oil's antibacterial properties and scent. One component of the oil's antifungal and anti-inflammatory qualities is α-terpineol, which is frequently found in trace amounts. Even though it is a little ingredient, aromadendrene has the ability to enhance the oil's overall aroma. These substances collectively characterise the various fragrant and medicinal properties of tea tree oil.</p><p><br></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:41:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791879796</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Active Compound of Melaleuca alternifolia is terpinen-4-ol.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791879936</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:41:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791879936</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Tea Tree Oil counterfeiting</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791880634</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ol><li><p>Adulteration with other oils: blending tea tree oil with less expensive essential oils or synthetic substances by dishonest producers is a tactic to boost quantity and lower manufacturing expenses. This blending diminishes the quality and efficacy of the tea tree oil.</p></li><li><p>Mislabeling: </p></li></ol><p>  Counterfeiters might falsely label a product as "100% pure tea tree oil" when, in reality, it contains other ingredients. This deceptive labeling misleads consumers who seek the specific benefits associated with pure tea tree oil.</p><ol start="3"><li><p>Quality and Origin Misrepresentation: Sometimes, tea tree oil is sourced from different regions with varying quality. Counterfeiters might misrepresent the oil's origin or quality to command higher prices or create an illusion of premium quality.</p></li><li><p>Use of Synthetic Compounds: In some cases, counterfeiters may produce synthetic compounds that mimic the aroma of tea tree oil. This synthetic version is then passed off as genuine tea tree oil.</p></li></ol><p>To steer clear of fake tea tree oil, buyers should buy from trustworthy vendors, meticulously examine product labels, and exercise caution with offers that appear exceptionally advantageous. Third-party testing and certifications can also serve as signs of an authentic and superior-quality product</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:42:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791880634</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Curcuminoid characteristics</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791882243</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Curcuminoid characteristics : </p><p> Have a yellow color, not very soluble in water and ether but soluble in organic solvent such as ethanol and glacial acetic acid. Stable at high temperature and in acidic environment but is sensitive to light. </p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:44:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791882243</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Identification of adulteration</title>
         <author>dayutriulyafitra</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791884547</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Adulteration ensuring the purity and authenticity of tea tree oil involves a comprehensive set of analytical methods. Gas Chromatography (GC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) are employed to separate and identify compounds, while Mass Spectrometry (MS) provides detailed information about their composition. The Terpene Content Test focuses on specific characteristics of tea tree oil, and Refractive Index and Acidity Tests measure physical parameters susceptible to changes through adulteration. A crucial aspect is the Comparison with Standard Compound Profiles, enabling the detection of suspicious differences. Organoleptic Testing and Isotope Tracer Tests add valuable sensory and isotopic insights. Stability Tests over time assess for unusual changes linked to adulteration. Employing this array of methods, often in combination, enhances the ability to identify potential adulteration and ensure the quality and integrity of tea tree oil in compliance with industry standards</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:46:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791884547</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>What are the principles of standard analytical methods for routine quality control of the oil industry</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791886678</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>1.Verify the existence and concentrations of active chemicals, such as terpinen-4-ol, as the primary quality indication.</p><p>2. Purity Test: Examines the oil's cleanliness and purity, as well as looking for unwelcome impurities.</p><p>3.microbiological testing: Establishes the product's microbiological cleanliness level to guarantee safe usage.</p><p>4.Determining Moisture Content: This process ascertains the water content of essential oils to guarantee their stability and purity.</p><p>5.Aroma Test: Assesses the scent qualities that Melaleuca Alternifolia oil produces.</p><p>6.Pesticide Residue Testing: Verifies the cleanliness and safety of products by looking for pesticide residue.</p><p>7.Compliance with Industry Standards: Adhere to relevant industry standards, including ISO or regional norms, for essential oils.</p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:48:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791886678</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Alduteration of tumeric product</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791888629</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>the alduteration of tumeric product mostly in organoleptic part specifically alduteration of the tumeric color (gold yellow) which replaced by the synthetic color. the synthetic color usually used methanyl yellow that has carcinogenic. If methanyl yellow use in excess amount cause anemia, liver damage, allergy, infertilities, cancer.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:51:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791888629</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Identification of tumeric product aldeteration</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791889265</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Liquid chromatography, TLC, electrochemical technique, FT-Raman and FT-infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometry.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:51:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791889265</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Routine Quality Control in Industry</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791891433</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Liquid Chromatography, Refractometer, Viscoumeter</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 04:53:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2791891433</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Bilberry plant origin</title>
         <author>nailahnn</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792508991</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><em>Vaccinium myrtillus L. </em>plant origin </p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-11-16 14:11:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792508991</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Bilberry simplicia</title>
         <author>nailahnn</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792511767</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><em>Vaccinium myrtillus L. </em>simplicia</p><p>(Farmaceutická Fakulta UNIVERZITA KOMENSKÉHO V BRATISLAVE, 2020).</p><p><br></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/2220482346/4208a102d8a4348f75bbaa44fd207a81/Screen_Shot_2023_11_16_at_21_12_05.png" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 14:12:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792511767</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Bilberry herbal product sold in the Indonesian Market</title>
         <author>nailahnn</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792513352</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/2220482346/99d0e926df8feb8a86ecf2c2325cdad5/Screen_Shot_2023_11_16_at_21_13_11.png" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 14:13:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792513352</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Introduction of Bilberry</title>
         <author>nailahnn</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792516893</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Bilberries are a type of berry known for their high content of anthocyanins. These compounds are responsible for the berry's blue/black color and are also believed to be responsible for many of its health benefits. Bilberries have been shown to improve vision, lower blood glucose, reduce inflammation, and lower lipids. They may also be helpful in preventing or treating conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, dementia, and other age-related diseases. In addition, bilberries have been shown to have antimicrobial activity (Chu <em>et al</em>., 2011).</p><p><br></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 14:15:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792516893</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Identification of Adulteration</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792517042</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Identification of Adulteration</strong></p><ul><li><p>LC-MS used in an adulteration test for extract.</p><ul><li><p>The separation process as well as the identification process of the various compounds which are structurally similar can be identified; this serves as one of the most superior qualitative tools among the various tools for the analysis of different herbs and the adulterants. (Mannur and Balankundri, 2020).</p></li><li><p>With the advances of the LC-MS technique, the screening and characterization of the adulterants (unknown and known) which are novel analog can also be detected and identified by applying this technique in the quality control of the materials. (Mannur and Balankundri, 2020)</p></li></ul></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 14:16:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792517042</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Active compound: Anthocyanin </title>
         <author>nailahnn</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792519874</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>Characteristic of anthocyanin: appears red, blue, or purple therefore has chromophore in its structure. Mostly extracted by weakly acidified alcohol-based solvents. Can be identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Mazza, <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="http://et.al">et.al</a>., 2004).</p></li><li><p>(Chu, <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="http://et.al">et.al</a>., 2011).</p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/2220482346/7554c02e2b280c954d55ed92b9c8d45a/Screen_Shot_2023_11_16_at_21_17_28.png" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 14:18:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792519874</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Quality Control Method</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792520298</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Analytical method for dry extract</p><ul><li><p>HPLC for testing active substance content</p></li></ul><p>HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is one of the most efficient methods to quantify active compounds. Price-wise, the instrument itself is not cheap. But when it comes to routine analysis, it is the better choice as it is a versatile and easy method. Especially when we’re talking about long-term investment.&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p>Water content</p></li></ul><p>Bilberries water activity can be measured using an instrument called the AquaLab 4TE, for a reliable result, the test can be done in 3x.&nbsp; While for the water content, it can be determined by weighing about 2 grams of powder and drying it in a vacuum oven at 70°C and 90 kPa until constant weight is reached, it can be concluded by calculating the weight percentage difference between tests until it results in &lt;0.25% (Eliasson <em>et al.</em>, 2019).</p><p><br></p><ul><li><p>Ash content analysis</p></li></ul><p>Looking at the nutritional value and levels of toxic minerals in the extract.</p><ul><li><p>Flowability</p></li></ul><p>The flowability of bilberry powder can be measured using a powder flow tester and expressed as the powder flow function. The flowability was classified into five categories based on the flow factor index (ff): nonflowing: ff &lt;1, very cohesive: 1&lt;ff&lt;2, cohesive: 2&lt;ff&lt;4, easy-flowing: 4&lt;ff&lt;10, and free-flowing: 10&lt;ff (Schulze, 2008).</p><p><br></p><ul><li><p>Microorganism test</p></li></ul><p>The number of microorganisms in a pharmaceutical product can be tested using total plate count method.</p><ul><li><p>Active substance content</p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 14:18:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792520298</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Forgery commonly occurs with bilberry and its products.</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792624920</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><br>Forgery commonly carried out against bilberry products involves falsifying organoleptic characteristics, particularly color. Colors similar to those on the label can be obtained by adding natural or synthetic dyes, or by mixing or substituting pigmented extract with dyes from the same compound group.</p><p>Although rare, the sale of "bilberry" fruit extract in large quantities containing spinach dye also falls into this category. This type of forgery is intended to deceive tests determining the total anthocyanin content using UV/vis spectrophotometry.</p><p>The most common method used by forgers to exploit the lack of specificity in UV/vis methods is partial or complete substitution with lower-cost extracts containing similar constituents. An example is the forgery of bilberry extract with extracts from other plants rich in anthocyanins, such as blueberry species (V. angustifolium, V. corymbosum, V. floribundum, Ericaceae), wild cherry (Prunus avium, Rosaceae), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa, Rosaceae), European elderberry, black soybean hulls (Glycine max, Fabaceae), black rice (Oryza sativa, Poaceae), mulberry fruit (Morus australis, M. nigra, Moraceae), and others. Although the prices of these fruit derivatives are relatively high (compared to commodity prices such as black soybeans and black rice, which are consistently lower), these fruits are still available at lower prices compared to bilberry.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-11-16 15:24:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/hertiani/q0npidwxvu7al4hr/wish/2792624920</guid>
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