Abstract:  Studies show that social media play an important role in shaping political discourse. Applications of Web 2.0, particularly Twitter, are currently influencing the nature of online participation in which the audience is not merely passively reading web content, but is actually contributing to and creating the content. This study examines communication on Twitter during the 13th Malaysian General Election based on Twitter messages collected under the #PRU13 hashtag. The analyzed dataset is collected from Twitter’s public timeline from May 1 to May 6, 2013. This study found lack of diversity in the discussion on Twitter sphere in which tweets that are pro-Barisan National coalition dominates the #pru13. Based on the communication patterns, however, #PRU13 constitute a multifaceted group of commenters who seek to persuade, educate, provoke and so on. 

Finding:

1. The results of the content analysis of the most prominent hashtag during the 2013 Malaysian general elections
demonstrate that tweets that are pro-Barisan National coalition dominates the Twitter sphere.

2.  The results of the content analysis of the most prominent hashtag during the 2013 Malaysian general elections demonstrate that the Barisan National coalition has absolute domination of the Twitter sphere compared with the opposition group, but this domination did not reflect its vote share in the election.

3.  The content analysis shows that posts from 58 of the accounts were mainly pro-BN and only two showed support for opposition groups. Based on this, one could argue that the reasons that may have contributed to the failure of the #PRU13 hashtag to reflect the vote share in the election was the deluge of messages produced by what appears to be bots or cyborgs instead of human beings.

4.  The homogenous characteristic of Twitter communication reveals some pertinent issues: the extent to which the Internet plays an active role in diversity of communication on the Internet and social media stimulate democratic discourse. 

5.  The result of this study is, to some extent, in line with the argument put forward by Gurevitch, Stephen Coleman and Jay G. Blumler (2009, p. 177), which explains that new-media users are mostly not active and responsible members of political communities. Rather, political discussion is mostly framed as rumour, attack, or a cynical game. The findings of the analysis are also characterised by Mancini’s (2013) argument that the line between informing people and sharing common feelings and attitudes that frequently represent the characteristic of the social network communication becomes blurred. The interaction and participation are based on subjective pref¬erences and viewpoints and they are articulated and linked to others, re/producing webs of intersubjectivity (Rasmussen, 2013).

Source: https://ac.els-cdn.com/S187704281405770X/1-s2.0-S187704281405770X-main.pdf?_tid=9f0f4139-164b-401a-b786-1d7d35fd9a28&acdnat=1524580917_6a710153848fcefc9e9e5eab674100df

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C) LYDERIANY

 

1.      To identify new English vocabularies that are acquired by Malaysian youth during General Election (GE) season in Malaysia.

2.      To investigate which social media platform are responsible in exposing Malaysian youth to new English vocabularies during General Election (GE) season in Malaysia.

B)    Research Questions

1.      What are the new English vocabularies that are acquired by Malaysian youth during the General Election (GE) season in Malaysia?

2.      Which social media platform are responsible in exposing Malaysian youth to new English vocabularies during General Election (GE) season in Malaysia?

-> A full and flexible knowledge of a word involves an understanding of the core meaning of a word and how it changes in different contexts.
-> This involves exposure to the word in multiple contexts from different perspectives. 

CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE ARTICLE: 
 

Yes, we can understand that our knowledge on words depends on the exposures we received as the meaning of the words can change according to different contexts and exposures received but what kind of context and exposures? If we relate this to our RO and RQ, the answer would be the environment of the election season. but how? and why? is it because of the frequency of the words appear or the youth attitude of which they felt an urge to find out the meaning of the new words he/she saw from the platform? This article is quite on the surface. A deeper research should follows up.

Knowledge on words depends on the exposures a person received as the meaning of the words can change according to different contexts and exposures received.

LITERATURE REVIEW ARTICLE #1: Words Are Learned Incrementally Over Multiple Exposures

-> A full and flexible knowledge of a word involves an understanding of the core meaning of a word and how it changes in different contexts.
-> This involves exposure to the word in multiple contexts from different perspectives. 

Yes, we can understand that our knowledge on words depends on the exposures we received as the meaning of the words can change according to different contexts and exposures received but what kind of context and exposures? If we relate this to our RO and RQ, the answer would be the environment of the election season. but how? and why? is it because of the frequency of the words appear or the youth attitude of which they felt an urge to find out the meaning of the new words he/she saw from the platform? This article is quite on the surface. A deeper research should follows up.
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B) IWANI 

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C) LYDERIANY

Discusses how the members of the public who utilized the #PRU13 hashtag followed, discussed and commented on the 2013 Malaysian general election. Includes relevant findings about the statistic of how frequent the members of public were engage the #PRU13 hashtag. Addresses and discusses the various findings regarding the reasons behind the statistics. 

2) Abstract
- Purpose
- Gap/Justification
- Methodology
- Findings
- Significance

3) Introduction (1-2 page) ✔️

- Big picture
- Gap
- Rationale
- RQ & RO

4) Literature Review (Annotated)
- Article #1
- Article #2
- Article #3
- Article #4
- Article #5

5) Methodology
- Approach (Qualitative/Quantitative)
- Participants
- Instruments
- Data Analysis

6) Findings and  Discussion
- RQ #1

5 Twitter✔️
5 Facebook ✔️
5 Online news ✔️

- RQ #2

5 Twitter ✔️
5 Facebook 
5 Online news ✔️

- Discussion

1. In general which platform influence the most?

2. Which method are the best used by the youths to learn new vocab? e.g: hashtag, seasonal

1. Final Battle 

2. Golden Opportunity 

3. EC 

4. Mother of all polls 

5. cast votes 

6. Young guns 

7. Parliament dissolve 

8. 

9. Malay tsunami

10. A tale of two rallies 
11. Chinese tsunami

.
The electoral battleground is laid as Malaysia enters its 14th General Election (GE14), arguably its most important since the country gained independence from Britain in 1957. The fact that the opposition has reduced the GE14 into a battle between personalities instead of issues is a sad indictment of the state of the opposition’s politics, especially with the emergence of Pakatan Harapan (PH).
.
Poor and ineffective opposition is bad for democracy, especially in a rapidly changing world dominated by social media, the digital revolution and rising inequality between states and individuals within societies. Added to that is the “clash of politics” where traditional politics seems to have been displaced by disillusionment with mainstream politics and the establishment, as characterised by the wave of populist support which resulted in Donald Trump being elected as the 44th US president.

https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2018/04/355419/dissolution-and-numbers-game

- a written statement declaring publicly the intentions, motives, or views of its issuer
https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/05/12/new-mps-to-push-for-an-elected-mayor-reinstatement-of-local-government-elections-can-be-done-in-next/

Dictionary:
- able to be seen through
https://www.merriam-webster.com/

Context:
-  honest and open
https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/05/12/new-mps-to-push-for-an-elected-mayor-reinstatement-of-local-government-elections-can-be-done-in-next/

- the people who can vote in an election
https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/05/12/new-mps-to-push-for-an-elected-mayor-reinstatement-of-local-government-elections-can-be-done-in-next/

Dictionary:
- to cause to pass into solution
https://www.merriam-webster.com/

Context:
- to bring to an end , to terminate
https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2018/04/355419/dissolution-and-numbers-game

- an area of conflict or disagreement that occur between the political parties
https://www.nst.com.my/opinion/columnists/2018/04/355419/dissolution-and-numbers-game

Dictionary:
- Multi =  More than one; many.
- Cornered = Having a specified number of corners.
- Fights =  Endeavour vigorously to win (an election or other contest).
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com

Context Meaning:
- Where more than four in five candidates will be facing off in three-or more-cornered fights at one location.
- E.g: BN vs PKR vs PAS vs WARISAN
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/malaysia-ge-to-see-multi-cornered-fights-in-most-seats

Dictionary & Context:
- To announce or make known one's intention to compete against others for something, especially in a political race.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/throw-your-hat-into-the-ring

Dictionary:
- Council = An advisory, deliberative, or administrative body of people formally constituted and meeting regularly.
‘an official human rights council’
- Elders = (of one or more out of a group of associated people) of a greater age.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com

Context Meaning:
- Dr Mahathir has admitted to mooting the idea of a "council of elders" to advise a Prime Minister, who would replace Najib Razak as it would allow the new PM to listen to different opinions.
http://says.com/my/imho/dr-mahathir-s-council-of-elders-plan

Dictionary:
- Reign = The period of rule of a monarch.
- Tyranny = Cruel, unreasonable, or arbitrary use of power or control.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com

Context Meaning:
- Period of the post PM DS Najib's misused of power* false ruling for the past 8 years
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/may/15/tyranny-malaysia-anwar-ibrahim-barisan-nasional-party

Dictionary:
- Denoting or characterized by a harmonious relationship between the elements of a whole.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com

Context Meaning:
- It is an organic politics that is based on grassroots education, not mass mobilization. The power it primarily seeks is empowerment of citizens rather than the election of officials -- citizens who can freely associate and mutually support each other with a view toward re-empowering the public as a whole.
http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/politics.html