CAD- week 3 theories by Huda https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza Lets' think theory en-us 2019-03-12 00:20:37 UTC 2020-03-19 03:11:30 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/File.png Erikson's Theory https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465679261 Erik Erikson was a psychoanalytic theorists, who developed a theory on the notion of unconscious thinking. Opposing Freud's theory that we develop in psychosexual phases, he believed that we develop in psychosocial phases of life. There are 8 stages of his psychosocial theory:
 - Trust vs Mistrust
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
- initiative vs guilt
- industry vs inferiority
- Identity vs identity confusion
- intimacy vs isolation
- generativity vs stagnation
- integrity vs despair
All stages are separated into different age demographics, and each stage is a different crisis that has to be resolved.]]> 2020-03-19 02:10:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465679261 Vygotsky's Theory https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465681394 Vygotsky's theory was based around social and cognitive development. States that social, cultural, and cognitive background contribute to development. This theory also reinforces how crucial language is in development as children can have high cognitive development but poor language acquisition. Vygotsky also introduced the concept of 'Zone of Proximal Development' which shows the difference between what a child can achieve or know on their own and what a child can achieve with assistance. This concept can help teachers to optimise teaching for each child. Vygotsky also suggests that parents provide stepping stones or scaffolding for the cognitive and social development of children

]]> 2020-03-19 02:16:14 UTC https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465681394 Piaget's Theory https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465681590 Piaget's theory states that children go through a total of 4 stages of cognitive development. Each of these stages are age related, and all consist of a distinct way of thinking, and seeing the world. Due to this theory, Piaget a child's cognition is different from one stage to another.
 
The first stage is the 'Sensorimotor Stage' which lasts roughly from birth to 2 years of age. Infants in this stage gather a world understanding through sensory experiences, like seeing and hearing, which physical actions.
 
The second stage is the ‘Preoperational Stage’ which lasts roughly from the age of 2 to 7 years. This stage goes beyond the connection between sensory information and physical actions, by allowing children to represent the world with words, images and drawings.
 
The third stage is the ‘Concrete Operational Stage’ which lasts roughly from the ages of 7 to 11 years. At this point of development, children can perform operations and tasks that involve objects, and thereby allowing them to reason logically with these objects on a specific and concrete way, without being able to think abstractly.
 
The final stage is the 'Formal Operational Stage’ which develops between the ages of 11 and 15 years, and continues throughout adulthood. Individuals in this stage begin to move beyond just simple concrete experiences, and have developed to be able to think abstractly and more outside the box.
]]> 2020-03-19 02:16:45 UTC https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465681590 Bandura Theory https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465681939 Bandura theory emphasises the importance of observing and modelling the behaviours, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. The behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.
In society, children are surrounded by many influential models, such as parents, other family members, characters on children’s TV, friends within their peer group and teachers at school. These models provide examples of behavior to observe and imitate.
Bandura's four principles of social learning-
1. Attention: The extent to which we are exposed/notice the behaviour.
2. Retention: How well the behaviour is remembered.
3. Reproduction: This is the ability to perform the behaviour that the model has just demonstrated.
4. Motivation: The will to perform the behaviour. The rewards and punishment that follow a behaviour will be considered by the observer.]]> 2020-03-19 02:17:41 UTC https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465681939 Freud's theory 20726839 https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465682582 2020-03-19 02:19:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465682582 Skinner's Theory https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465684068 According to Skinner's theory on operant conditioning, our behaviour changes due to the consequences that arise due to the behaviour.]]> 2020-03-19 02:23:12 UTC https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465684068 Ecological Theory https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465684915 Relates to Environmental factors. 
Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory - development reflects the influence of several environmental systems
The 5 environmental systems this theory has developed are:
  • Microsystem: The setting (family, school, etc.) where the individual lives and where the most direct interactions take place (between peers, teachers, etc.) 
  • Mesosystem: Involves the relations between mircosystems or connections between contexts = different experiences can have different impacts on people
  • Exosystem: Links between an individuals social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the individual's immediate context.
  • Macrosystem: The macrosystem is based off the culture of the individual, grew up in. Culture depends on a group of individuals that has been developed from generations to generations. 
  • Chronosystem: The chronosystem is based on life events and transitioning over one’s life. Not only does it involve patterning of environment but also sociohistorical circumstances.

]]> 2020-03-19 02:25:15 UTC https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465684915 Hudaka https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465687735 2020-03-19 02:32:21 UTC https://padlet.com/Hudaka/pzwafycgjvza/wish/465687735