https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii en-us 2021-06-16 17:14:52 UTC 2025-05-06 20:10:17 UTC hello@padlet.com mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613043377 The Hudson River has been polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), cadmium, and other toxic compounds. This was caused by the many factories that produced transformers, capacitors, and electric motors that used PCBs, dumping waste directly into the river. Between 1947 and 1977, General Electric Company released 1.3 million pounds of PCBs in the water from manufacturing plants at Hudson Falls and Fort Edward, New York. Between 1896 to 1996, General Motors emptied industrial waste such as painting and cleaning materials into the river. ]]> 2021-06-17 20:48:24 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613043377 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613107888 As a result of this pollution, there has been a disturbance in the ecosystem of the Hudson River. The fish in the river have been contaminated by the PCBs. This triggered mutations in fish, especially the Microgadus tomcod, a species of cod. The cod has been exposed to PCBs for over 50 years and developed a two amino acid change in one of its receptor genes. This led to changes in feeding relationships because of biomagnification. The cod passes the PCBs on to their predators, such as striped bass. Thus, their predators will become contaminated after ingesting contaminated organisms. Humans can also become contaminated with PCBs as a result of drinking water from the Hudson River or eating the aquatic life found in the river. This can lead to neurological disorders, birth defects, and a multitude of diseases. ]]> 2021-06-17 21:47:42 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613107888 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613111715 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) - man made industrial products or chemicals

Disturbance - A temporary change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem

Contamination - The process of making something impure by polluting or poisoning

Biomagnification - The system of passing contamination on to organisms as a result of it ingesting other organisms

]]> 2021-06-17 21:51:56 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613111715 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613139325 In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created a plan to clean the river by removing over 100,000 pounds of PCBs with a process called dredging, which is the excavation of materials from a water environment. This plan was difficult because millions of cubic yards of contaminated sediment needed to be removed and it costed General Electric 460 million dollars. However, this plan was fairly successful. During Phase One of the cleanup, about 300,000 cubic yards of contaminated sediment was removed. Phase Two targets 2.4 million cubic yards of contaminated sediment and will take 5 to 7 years to complete. After these environmental efforts, whales have been spotted in the Hudson River due to the improved water quality. ]]> 2021-06-17 22:19:30 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613139325 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613152863 The Hudson River Valley is separated into three regions: Upper, Middle, and Lower. Rockland County is located in the Lower Hudson Valley. 

The Tappan Zee Bridge links Rockland and Westchester together across the Hudson River. ]]> 2021-06-17 22:33:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613152863 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613182944 The Hudson River is extremely polluted with trash and industrial waste. ]]> 2021-06-17 23:05:45 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613182944 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613183664 The Hudson River has poor water quality due to the pollution it has undergone. This causes the water to be brown and dirty. ]]> 2021-06-17 23:06:32 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613183664 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613184586 People are cleaning up the PCBs in the Hudson River by dredging. ]]> 2021-06-17 23:07:35 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613184586 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613185396 A humpback whale was spotted in the Hudson River. The cleanup of the river has made it a more habitable place for whales to live. ]]> 2021-06-17 23:08:28 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613185396 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613187489 Organisms like fish have died due to the contamination of PCBs. ]]> 2021-06-17 23:10:46 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613187489 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613189258 Companies like General Electric greatly contributed to the pollution of the Hudson River. ]]> 2021-06-17 23:12:41 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613189258 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613194320 2021-06-17 23:18:10 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613194320 mqin0124 https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613196124 2021-06-17 23:20:03 UTC https://padlet.com/mqin0124/pz775glvtzlz65ii/wish/1613196124