Application of Galvanic Cells by https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx Chemistry states the more energy you put into a bond, the harder it is to break. en-us 2022-12-13 01:02:07 UTC 2025-10-05 00:27:25 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f92f.png kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418549238 A battery is a device that stores chemical energy, and converts it to electricity. This is known as electrochemistry and the system that underpins a battery is called an electrochemical cell. A battery can be made up of one or several (like in Volta's original pile) electrochemical cells]]> 2022-12-13 01:14:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418549238 How does a battery works? kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418554041 To produce a flow of electrons, you need to have somewhere for the electrons to flow from, and somewhere for the electrons to flow to. These are the cell’s electrodes. The electrons flow from one electrode called the anode (or negative electrode) to another electrode called the cathode (the positive electrode). These are generally different types of metals or other chemical compounds.]]> 2022-12-13 01:19:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418554041 But where does the anode get all these electrons from in the first place? kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418559697 Simply it uses the concepts of "REDOX REACTIONS"

The technical chemical term for a reaction that involves the exchange of electrons is a reduction-oxidation reaction, more commonly called a redox reaction. The entire reaction can be split into two half-reactions, and in the case of an electrochemical cell, one half-reaction occurs at the anode, the other at the cathode. Reduction is the gain of electrons and is what occurs at the cathode; we say that the cathode is reduced during the reaction. Oxidation is the loss of electrons, so we say that the anode is oxidized.]]> 2022-12-13 01:25:46 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418559697 References kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418560784 1. How a battery works - Curious (science.org.au)
2. Fuel cell | Definition, Types, Applications, & Facts | Britannica
3. Fuel Cells | Department of Energy
4. PPT - Fuel Cell Technology PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:540292 (slideserve.com)
5. chemistry-redox-alkaline batteries (dynamicscience.com.au)
6. What is a Nickel-Cadmium Battery? - Definition from Techopedia
7. Fuel Cell Basics | Department of Energy
8. An Introduction to Alkaline Fuel Cells (fuelcellstore.com)]]> 2022-12-13 01:27:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418560784 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418562988 fuel cell, any of a class of devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electricity by electrochemical reactions. A fuel cell resembles a battery in many respects, but it can supply electrical energy over a much longer period of time. This is because a fuel cell is continuously supplied with fuel and air (or oxygen) from an external source, whereas a battery contains only a limited amount of fuel material and oxidant that are depleted with use.]]> 2022-12-13 01:29:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418562988 How does a fuel cell works? kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418568855 Fuel cells work like batteries, but they do not run down or need recharging. They produce electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. A fuel cell consists of two electrodes—a negative electrode (or anode) and a positive electrode (or cathode)—sandwiched around an electrolyte. A fuel, such as hydrogen, is fed to the anode, and air is fed to the cathode. In a hydrogen fuel cell, a catalyst at the anode separates hydrogen molecules into protons and electrons, which take different paths to the cathode. The electrons go through an external circuit, creating a flow of electricity. The protons migrate through the electrolyte to the cathode, where they unite with oxygen and the electrons to produce water and heat. ]]> 2022-12-13 01:36:12 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418568855 What are the similarities between batteries and fuel cells? kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418570568 2022-12-13 01:38:16 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418570568 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418572834 2022-12-13 01:40:45 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418572834 What are the differences between batteries and fuel cells. kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418577814 2022-12-13 01:46:57 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418577814 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418583542 2022-12-13 01:54:00 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418583542 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418588177 Hydrogen fuel cells and batteries are both electrochemical cells. They each have two electrodes in contact with a material that can conduct ions, called an electrolyte. One electrode is the anode and the other is the cathode.

With this both also uses the concepts of RedOx reactions.]]> 2022-12-13 01:59:37 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418588177 What are the classifications/types of batteries? kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418591867 There are two basic types of batteries: primary and secondary. Primary batteries are “single use” and cannot be recharged. Dry cells and (most) alkaline batteries are examples of primary batteries. The second type is rechargeable and is called a secondary battery. Examples of secondary batteries include nickel-cadmium (NiCd), lead acid, and lithium ion batteries. Fuel cells are similar to batteries in that they generate an electrical current, but require continuous addition of fuel and oxidizer. The hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen from the air to produce water, and is generally more efficient than internal combustion engines.]]> 2022-12-13 02:04:12 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418591867 Primary Batteries kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418593557 2022-12-13 02:05:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418593557 Secondary Batteries kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418593647 2022-12-13 02:05:55 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418593647 Alkaline battery (zinc manganese oxide, carbon) kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418595480 In an alkaline battery, the anode (negative terminal) is made of zinc powder. This allows for a greater surface area which results in an increased rate of reaction and hence a greater rate of electron flow. The cathode (positive terminal) is composed of manganese dioxide. Alkaline batteries are comparable to zinc-carbon batteries, but the difference is that alkaline batteries use potassium hydroxide (KOH) as an electrolyte rather than ammonium chloride or zinc chloride.
They last approximately five times longer than a dry cell, pictured below and have an application in appliances which require intermittent bursts of high current such as a toy car.

The half-reactions are:
Zn (s) + 2OH-(aq) → ZnO (s) + H2O (l) + 2e−
2MnO2 (s) + H2O (l) + 2e− →Mn2O3 (s) + 2OH− (aq)
]]> 2022-12-13 02:08:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418595480 nickel-cadmium (nicd) batteries kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418602821 A nickel-cadmium battery (NiCd or NiCad) is a rechargeable battery used for portable computers, drills, camcorders and other small battery-operated devices requiring an even power discharge. NiCds use electrodes made of nickel oxide hydroxide, metallic cadmium and an alkaline electrolyte of potassium hydroxide.]]> 2022-12-13 02:16:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418602821 What are examples of fuel cells? kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418610908 2022-12-13 02:25:24 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418610908 POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418613343 Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, also called proton exchange membrane fuel cells, use a proton-conducting polymer membrane as the electrolyte. Hydrogen is typically used as the fuel. These cells operate at relatively low temperatures and can quickly vary their output to meet shifting power demands. PEM fuel cells are the best candidates for powering automobiles. They can also be used for stationary power production. However, due to their low operating temperature, they cannot directly use hydrocarbon fuels, such as natural gas, liquefied natural gas, or ethanol. These fuels must be converted to hydrogen in a fuel reformer to be able to be used by a PEM fuel cell.]]> 2022-12-13 02:28:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418613343 How it works and it's redox reaction kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418614954 2022-12-13 02:30:09 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418614954 ALKALINE FUEL CELLS kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418618023
Alkaline fuel cells use an alkaline electrolyte such as potassium hydroxide or an alkaline membrane that conducts hydroxide ions rather than protons. Originally used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on space missions, alkaline fuel cells are now finding new applications, such as in portable power.

]]> 2022-12-13 02:34:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418618023 Chemical Reactions: kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418621573
The operating temperature of alkaline fuel cells range between room temperature to approximately 250 ˚C and can achieve power-generating efficiencies of up to 70 percent. A diagram of the alkaline fuel cell is shown in Figure 1. The chemical reactions that occur in an AFC are as follows:

Anode: 2H2 (g) + 4(OH)- (aq) → 4H2O (l) + 4e-

Cathode: O2 (g) + 2H2O (l)+ 4e- → 4(OH)-(aq)

Overall: 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l)

]]> 2022-12-13 02:38:15 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418621573 Why is batteries important? kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418624554 Batteries are crucial in the global economy transition with their ability to maintain a balance between supply and demand within the power system. The key to decarbonize the world and fight climate change is electrification powered by renewables, which means electrification of cars (e-mobility), buildings and cities.]]> 2022-12-13 02:41:38 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418624554 Fuel Cells Quick Fact kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418625400 Fuel cells are the most energy efficient devices for extracting power from fuels. Capable of running on a variety of fuels, including hydrogen, natural gas, and biogas, fuel cells can provide clean power for applications ranging from less than a watt to multiple megawatts.]]> 2022-12-13 02:42:41 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418625400 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418642273 2022-12-13 03:00:57 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418642273 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418643456 2022-12-13 03:02:07 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418643456 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418644980 2022-12-13 03:03:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418644980 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418645880 2022-12-13 03:04:46 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418645880 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418646604 2022-12-13 03:05:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418646604 What are Batteries kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418647957 2022-12-13 03:07:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418647957 What is a Fuel Cell? kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418649239 2022-12-13 03:08:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418649239 kenepascioles https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418680333 1. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they consume reactant, which must be replenished. While batteries store electrical energy Chemically in a closed system.

2. The major difference between fuel cells and batteries is that batteries carry a limited supply of fuel internally as an electrolytic cells and solid materials (such as the lead acid battery that contains sulfuric acid and lead plates) or as solid dry reactants such as zinc/carbon powders found in a flashlight batteries.

3. Fuel cells have similar have similar reactions: However, the reactants are GASES (hydrogen and oxygen) that are combined in a catalyst process. Since the gas reactants can be fed into the fuel cell and constantly replenished, the unit will never run down like a battery.]]> 2022-12-13 03:50:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2418680333 What are batteries? donnamaesrosell https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2423525759 2022-12-17 05:36:43 UTC https://padlet.com/kenepascioles/pz3ghjj119e7jfsx/wish/2423525759