1. Describes characteristics of organisms from the major taxonomic groups, including domains and kingdoms and uses these characteristics to construct a dichotomous key.
2. Analyzes how structure complements function in cells.
3. Analyzes how structure complements function in tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms including both plants and animals.
4. Identifies human body systems and describes their functions (e.g., digestive, circulatory).
5. Describes how organisms, including producers, consumers and decomposers obtain and use energy and matter.
6. Applies chemical principles to describe the structure and function of the basic chemical components (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids) of living things and distinguishes between organic and inorganic compounds.

1. Compares and contrasts sexual and asexual reproduction.
2. Understands the organization of hereditary material (e.g., DNA, genes, chromosomes).
3. Describes how an inherited trait can be determined by one or many genes and how more than one trait can be influenced by a single gene.
4. Distinguishes between dominant and recessive traits and predicts the probable outcomes of genetic combinations.
5. Evaluates the influence of environmental and genetic factors on the traits of an organism.
6. Describes current applications of genetic research (e.g., related to cloning, reproduction, health, industry, agriculture).

1. Describes similarities and differences among various types of organisms and methods of classifying organisms (e.g., presence of a nucleus determines if a cell is prokaryotic and eukaryotic).
2. Describes traits in a population or species that enhance its survival and reproductive success.
3. Describes how populations and species change through time.
4. Applies knowledge of the mechanisms and processes of biological evolution (e.g., variation, mutation, environmental factors, natural selection).
5. Describes evidence that supports the theory of evolution of life on Earth.

1. Describes how organisms respond to internal and external stimuli.
2. Applies knowledge of structures and physiological processes that maintain stable internal conditions.
3. Demonstrates an understanding of feedback mechanisms that allow organisms to maintain stable internal conditions.
4. Understands how evolutionary history affects behavior.

1. Understands the levels of organization within an ecosystem (organism, population, community) and identifies the abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem.
2. Analyzes the interrelationships (food chains, food webs) among producers, consumers and decomposers in an ecosystem.
3. Identifies factors that influence the size and growth of populations in an ecosystem.
4. Analyzes adaptive characteristics that result in a population's or species' unique niche in an ecosystem.
5. Describes and analyzes energy flow through various types of ecosystems.
6. Knows how populations and species modify and affect ecosystems (e.g., succession), and how biodiversity affects the sustainability of ecosystems.

1. Reptiles
2. Amphibians
3. Birds
4. Earthworms

1. Plasma membrane
2. Nucleus
3. Golgi apparatus
4. Mitochondrion

1. A 100% probability that the offspring will have green skin
2. A 75% probability that the offspring will have green skin
3. A 50% probability that the offspring will have green skin
4. A 100% probability that the offspring will have gray skin

1. They produce sugar molecules using light energy.
2. They transport materials from one cell to another.
3. They provide a protective barrier between a cell and the environment.
4. They store and transmit genetic information.

1. A human hand and a human foot
2. A wing flap of a sugar glider and a wing flap of a flying squirrel
3. A bat wing and a human arm
4. A butterfly wing and a bird wing

1. Natural selection is the process by which adaptations acquired by individuals during their lives are passed down to the next generation.
2. Natural selection is the process by which environmental changes cause mutations to occur.
3. Natural selection is the process by which better-adapted individuals in a population leave more descendants than do less well-adapted individuals.
4. Natural selection is the process by which one species competes with another species for the same natural resource.

1. metabolism.
2. homeostasis.
3. translation.
4. conservation of energy.

25. Certain birds that forage for insects on the ground around grazing animals exhibit much greater success in capturing prey than when they forage alone. The observation described is an illustration of which of the following?

1. Parasitism

2. Mutualism

3. Competition

4. Commensalism

Answer is D

1. Grass
2. Cow
3. Sparrow
4. Fox

Which of the following best describes a relationship in this grassland?

A Badgers are top predators because they eat upland sandpipers and beetles.

B A producer–consumer relationship exists between lupines and ants.

C A predator–prey relationship exists between beetles and ground squirrels.

D Upland sandpipers are primary and secondary consumers because they eat grasses and grasshoppers.

A A few bacteria survived the antibiotics and stopped reproducing.

B The patient’s high fever inactivated the antibiotic, allowing the surviving bacteria to grow rapidly.

C The antibiotic slowed the life cycle of the bacteria.

D Some of the bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic, and they reproduced.

F The protection of vital organs from injury

G The chemical breakdown of food into smaller pieces

H The transport of nutrients, water, and oxygen to body cells

J The production of hormones that regulate growth and metabolism

F a greater number of plant species means that there is less barren land

G a greater variety of species present allows more organisms to adapt after changes occur

H the transition area between two ecosystems is narrower

J there are fewer species to be affected by environmental stresses

A All three populations would increase.

B The wildebeest population would decrease, and the lion and cheetah populations would increase.

C The wildebeest population would increase, and the lion and cheetah populations would decrease.

D All three populations would decrease.

F The larvae are prey for the young birds. G The larvae are predators of the young birds.

H The young birds are hosts for the larvae. J The young birds are consumers of the larvae.

What is the most likely explanation for the body-size distribution of house sparrows shown on the map?

A Cold temperatures in the North favored the survival of populations of larger sparrows over populations of smaller sparrows.

B High elevations in the West provided a survival advantage for populations of larger sparrows over populations of smaller sparrows.

C Warm temperatures in the South allowed populations of larger sparrows to survive over populations of smaller sparrows.

D Coastal environments in the East tended to give a survival advantage to populations of larger sparrows over populations of smaller sparrows.

F The muscle contractions result in physical changes, while the action of the peptidase results in chemical changes.

G The muscle contractions and the action of the peptidase both result only in physical changes.

H The muscle contractions result in chemical changes, while the action of the peptidase results in physical changes.

J The muscle contractions and the action of the peptidase both result only in chemical changes.

Early farmers most likely used seeds only from wheat plants with —

F larger grains that could produce more food per plant

G taller stems that could block sunlight from weeds growing at ground level

H larger flowers that could be sold for additional income

J thinner stems that could endure heavy winds

A Energy is transferred down each level of the energy pyramid.

B The energy lost at each level is consumed by organisms in the top level.

C Energy is transferred from organisms in one level to those in the level above.

D The organisms at the bottom level provide energy directly to organisms in all the other levels.

F staying cool

G accessing food

H obtaining oxygen

J avoiding predators

A Soil

B Sunlight

C Water

D Oxygen

A producers

B predators

C parasites

D hosts

A Fungi

B Eubacteria

C Plantae

D Animalia

F Less water is available for absorption.

G Less tissue is available for plant growth.

H Less energy is available for reproduction.

J Less soil is available for leaf development.

During the Industrial Revolution, coal-burning factories produced black soot that covered the trees and killed the lichen in and near cities. In these areas the number of dark peppered moths increased, while the number of light peppered moths decreased. What contributed to this change?

A The soot-covered trees camouflaged the dark moths.

B The dark moths preyed on the light moths.

C Bird populations increased in the areas near the factories.

D The dark moths laid fewer eggs than the light moths.

A Cattle that eat grass and feed

B Goats that eat weeds and shrubs

C Turkeys that eat seeds and fruit

D Hogs that eat fruit, seeds, and feed

These species are very similar, but the Hood mockingbird has a longer beak than the other three species. Which of the following best explains this difference?

A The Hood mockingbird needs a longer beak for defense against predators.

B The Hood mockingbird originated from a different type of bird than the other species.

C The Hood mockingbird’s longer beak is an adaptation to the food available in the bird’s habitat.

D The Hood mockingbird’s beak stretched to reach its food, and the longer beak was passed down to its offspring.

A chemical energy to mechanical energy

B electrical energy to chemical energy

C chemical energy to light energy

D mechanical energy to chemical energy

A Protozoa get nutrients from small arthropods.

B Mammals are predators of birds.

C Nematodes prey on arthropods.

D Bacteria get nutrients from organic matter.

To successfully live in an estuary, a plant species must have an adaptation that allows it to —

A produce large amounts of food

B absorb large amounts of water

C store excess gases

D filter excess salt

F Wedge-tailed eagles

G Chuditch

H Ring-tailed opossums

J Eucalyptus trees

F Shad and sturgeons

G Sturgeons and blue crabs

H Blue crabs and rangia clams

J Copepods and amphipods

A Nervous

B Respiratory

C Digestive

D Circulatory

F All cells have a cell wall.

G All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

H All cells are capable of photosynthesis.

J All cells can develop into any other type of cell.

At which temperature range will there be the most competition for space among these fish species?

F 5°C to 10°C

G 10°C to 15°C

H 15°C to 20°C

J 25°C to 30°C

A certain stream that was historically clear and clean has become increasingly polluted with fertilizer waste over the years. Which of these describes a likely result of this pollution?

F Mayflies that were previously abundant are no longer present in the stream.

G Stone flies and midges thrive and compete for the same food source.

H Large numbers of crayfish have suddenly died.

J Riffle beetles have become more abundant in the stream.

Which two types of organisms have a producer-consumer relationship in this African savanna?

A Zebras and hyenas

B Hyenas and cheetahs

C Trees and elephants

D Fungi and dung beetles

Which of the following best describes a hydra bud?

F A hydra bud contains genetic material from its two parents.

G A hydra bud is genetically identical to the parent hydra.

H A hydra bud has different mutations than the parent hydra.

J A hydra bud has half as much genetic material as the parent hydra.

Which ecosystem would be more likely to survive if a disease killed the grasses?

A The forest ecosystem, because most of the animals can eat other organisms

B The grassland ecosystem, because several predators compete for food

C The forest ecosystem, because it has three top predators D The grassland ecosystem, because it has many herbivores

How was the Guam rail most likely affected by the introduction of the brown tree snake?

A The brown tree snake ate only species that lived in trees, so it had no effect on the Guam rail.

B The Guam rail quickly developed the ability to fly in order to escape from the brown tree snake.

C The population of the Guam rail declined, and the species nearly became extinct.

D The Guam rail began to build its nests in trees.

F Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic

G Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic

H Unicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic

J Multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic

The main function of this human body system is to —

F sense odors in the environment

G exchange gases with the environment

H chew food as it enters the mouth

J trap particles that enter the nose

Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is valid?

F Owls are predators of bats, and bats are predators of moths.

G Beetles compete with bats and cave spiders.

H Snakes prey on bats and owls.

J None of the above

F The use of chemical fertilizers that are carried by runoff into rivers

G The logging of old-growth forests, which results in erosion

H The spraying of chemical herbicides that reduce carbon dioxide in the air

J The mining of fossil fuels, which requires digging underground tunnels

Which two types of organisms in this aquatic food web have a producer–consumer relationship?

A Microscopic algae and white suckers

B Small invertebrates and amphipods

C Phytoplankton and mummichogs

D Amphipods and channel catfish

Water with which of these conditions would cause the most competition for resources among all three species of fish?

A Very cold, very clear, and very fast

B Very warm, very clear, and very slow

C Mild temperatures, some suspended particles, flows very fast

D Mild temperatures, some suspended particles, flows at a medium speed

Based on the dichotomous key, in what order should this insect be classified?

F Mantodea

G Raphidioptera

H Coleoptera

J Lepidoptera

Which statement best explains why biodiversity in the Baltic Sea could decrease if these changes occur?

A Fewer types of plants and animals are found in warm water than in cool water.

B Plants and animals adapted for living in saltwater will grow more slowly in water that has less salt.

C Plants and animals adapted for living in saltier conditions will not be able to survive and reproduce.

D Animals adapted for living in warm water will eat all the plants and animals adapted for living in cool water.

F The fish would grow larger than usual.

G The zooplankton population would increase.

H The plants would increase in size but decrease in number.

J The plant populations would be reduced.

If Species B were removed from the rocky areas it shares with Species A, Species A would most likely inhabit —

F Zone I only

G Zones I and II only

H Zone III only

J Zones I, II, and III

How many predators shown in this food web are omnivores?

Record your answer and fill in the bubbles on your answer document. Be sure to use the correct place value.

F The presence of more species with different adaptations makes it more likely that some organisms will survive an ecological disaster.

G Greater genetic variation within species makes it more likely that some individuals will survive a disease outbreak.

H The presence of a variety of herbivore species that can feed on a large number of different producer species helps ensure abundant prey for predators in the ecosystem.

J All of the above

Which of these cell components are most involved in determining the basic shape of each girl’s face?

A Genes, chromosomes, and nucleus

B Cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and genes

C Vacuoles, nucleus, and chromosomes

D Chromosomes, chloroplasts, and vacuoles

Green crabs carry a parasitic worm that can infect organisms that prey on the crabs. Which organism is most likely to be infected by this parasite?

A Gulls

B Barnacles

C Marsh periwinkles

D Blue mussels

A change the area and make it safer from predatory organisms

B invade the area so that new organisms cannot be established

C modify the area and allow larger and more complex organisms to appear

D use up all the existing resources and prevent establishment of non-native organisms

If global climate change leads to the elimination of snow in the habitat of white-tailed ptarmigans, which adaptation is most likely to occur over many generations?

F Birds with white feathers in areas without winter snow will be easier for predators to find. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have brown feathers throughout the year.

G Birds with brown feathers in areas without winter snow will be easier for predators to find. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have white feathers throughout the year.

H Birds with white feathers will be easier to see on the ground in the summer. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have white feathers throughout the year.

J Birds with brown feathers will be easier to see on the ground in the winter. Over time this could lead to white-tailed ptarmigans that have brown feathers throughout the year.

Which statement explains the increase in gill surface area seen in some of Lake Victoria’s cichlids?

A Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to change their diet and avoid competing with the Nile perch.

B Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to be camouflaged and avoid being eaten by the Nile perch.

C Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to leave Lake Victoria and establish populations in nearby bodies of water.

D Increased gill surface area has allowed the cichlids to better absorb the limited oxygen in the water.

Based on this information, which of the organisms can produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism? F Ferns only

G Amoebas and yeasts only

H Cats, hydras, frogs, and ferns only

J Amoebas, yeasts, hydras, and ferns only

Which statement best describes the most likely effect the fire had on the river in the 12 months after it occurred?

A Less sediment flowed into the river because the fire heated up the soil and made it drier.

B The amount of vegetation increased and less sediment flowed into the river because the fire produced ash that mixed with the soil.

C More sediment flowed into the river because the fire destroyed most of the vegetation holding the sediment in place. D More sediment flowed into the river because the fire disrupted animal habitats and caused animals to leave the area.

What characteristic of the daphnia allows the population to adapt to environmental change?

F Its small size

G Its short generation time

H Its freshwater environment

J Its herbivorous diet

Which organisms have three carnivorous predators and a consumer–producer relationship with at least one organism?

A The organisms that fit in boxes 2, 3, and 7 B The organisms that fit in boxes 5 and 7

C The organisms that fit in boxes 4 and 6

D The organisms that fit in boxes 2 and 7 only

A By attracting herbivores to the other plants

B By suppressing the growth of the other plants

C By increasing the photosynthesis rates in the other plants

D By limiting the amount of water available to the other plants

Which food web best represents the flow of energy in these feeding relationships?

Which of these describes the mourning dove when it is part of the food web shown?

A It has a parasite–host relationship with the robin because it uses the robin’s nest.

B It has a predator–prey relationship with tent caterpillars because they both use the same resources from the sugar-maple tree. C It has a producer–consumer relationship with sugar-maple trees because it gets food from the trees.

D It has a producer–consumer relationship with its young because it feeds its young regurgitated food.

The student observes a great blue heron catching fish near the edge of the pond. Based on the information the student collected, which bird will compete with the great blue heron for the same hunting spots and similar prey?

A The mallard, because it hunts for fish while wading near the edge of the pond

B The pied-billed grebe, because it dives in open water to get crayfish on the bottom of the pond

C The great egret, because it hunts in water near the edge of the pond for fish and other prey

D None of these

What statement was developed most directly from these conclusions and is part of the modern cell theory?

A The functions of living things occur in cells.

B Cells exist only in multicellular organisms. C Living things are composed of cells.

D Cells contain hereditary information.

The main function of this system is to —

F control reproduction

G transport oxygen

H produce hormones

J remove waste

Which statement does NOT describe a relationship shown in the food web?

F Elk are prey for mountain lions.

G Mice are herbivores that consume grasses and are preyed on by snakes.

H Owls prey on rabbits and frogs.

J Rabbits consume shrubs and are parasites of grasses.

How does the agricultural activity most likely affect the surface water of the area?

F Excess crop fertilizer is carried by runoff into the river, causing excess growth of water plants.

G Excess crop material accumulates on the riverbanks, slowing the movement of the river water.

H Crops reduce erosion, increasing the amount of soil entering the river.

J Crops absorb pure water from soil, causing the remaining water to contain more salt.

Which organelle stores the information that determines an individual’s blood type?

F Organelle 1

G Organelle 2

H Organelle 3

J Organelle 4

Which explanation most likely accounts for the increase in the number of male butterflies in the five years after the initial parasite problem?

A Male butterflies in the population that survived were able to prey on the parasites living in the females’ egg cells.

B Female butterflies in the population that survived had a genetic adaptation that allowed them to transform into male butterflies.

C Male butterflies in the population that survived had a gene that made them resistant to the parasite, and they passed the gene on to their offspring.

D Female butterflies in the population that survived were able to protect the male eggs from the parasite and provide extra care for the male offspring.

Which model represents an organic compound?

A The populations increased much more slowly.

B The populations decreased as fewer eggs survived long enough to hatch.

C The populations remained stable over time.

D The populations increased as pelicans laid more eggs so that more offspring would survive.

Which of the following is a chemical change that occurs to the food?

A The reduction in size of food particles as food is chewed

B The movement of food to the stomach after food is swallowed

C The breakdown of molecules of food by enzymes and acid in the stomach

D None of the above

Based on these observations, which ecosystem is likely to be the least sustainable?

A Ecosystem 1, because it has the fewest species

B Ecosystem 2, because it includes both aquatic and terrestrial species

C Ecosystem 3, because it has few predators

D Ecosystem 4, because it supports many animals

A The exposure of an individual lizard in the population to radiation that causes a mutation that is not passed on to its offspring

B An unusually dry summer in the lizard population’s ecosystem

C The introduction of an invasive predator that preys on the brightest-colored individuals in the lizard population

D A fast-moving wildfire that burns the canopy of the trees in the lizard population’s ecosystem

Which of these activities is most likely to increase the natural biodiversity in the area?

A Building artificial reefs and limiting fishing activity

B Introducing non-native species to fill unoccupied habitats and banning fishing

C Building artificial reefs and increasing fishing activity

D Eliminating non-native species and encouraging fishing for large predatory fish

Which organisms all consume the same producer?

F Crabs, pilchards, blennies

G Euphausiids, sweeps, water fleas

H Tiger sharks, dolphins, octopuses

J Sea urchins, crabs, octopuses

By sprouting in the rain-forest canopy, the strangler fig seedling is exposed to more — A sunlight

B soil

C nutrients

D consumers

Based on the chart, which food chain best models a flow of energy in this ecosystem? A Sun--->Mosquitoes--->Shrimp---> Coyotes

B Sun--->Algae--->Shrimp--->Red drum

C Sun--->Pygmy sunfish--->Shrimp--> Wood ducks

D Sun--->Willow oaks--->Algae---> River otters

A Conifer trees and tall grasses with roots that loosen the soil

B Mosses and lichens that can grow on rocky surfaces

C Grasses and weeds that arrive as seeds carried by the wind and then germinate in rich soil

D Vines and shrubs that help prevent the erosion of shallow soil

Which table correctly identifies the three kingdoms?

Which types of native organisms do feral hogs most likely compete with for food sources?

F Carnivores and producers

G Herbivores and carnivores

H Producers and decomposers

J Decomposers and herbivores

A To support the body, protect the organs, produce blood cells, and store calcium

B To regulate the composition of body fluids by removing metabolic wastes and retaining a balance of water, salt, and other nutrients C To regulate and maintain bodily functions by producing hormones and releasing them into the bloodstream

D To enable the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream and the removal of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream

Based on the key, which of these fish is most likely a bluegill?

A In cytoplasm inside cells

B On genes within chromosomes

C On the cell membrane

D In the mitochondria

Which short-term effect will most likely result from a year with more heavy rain than normal?

A Most plants in the ditch will be plants with long roots.

B Most plants in the ditch will be plants with short roots.

C There will be no change in the numbers of plants with long roots and short roots.

D There will be an equal number of plants in the ditch with long roots and short roots.

Which statement is the best prediction the students can make about the immediate future of the pond?

F The depth of the water in the pond will increase.

G Fish populations in the pond will begin to decrease.

H The amount of bacteria in the pond will suddenly decrease.

J The number of different types of plants around the pond will increase.

Plants obtain the majority of the carbon necessary for building these structural molecules from —

F air

G microorganisms

H soil

J water

Which inference is best supported from the researchers’ observations?

A Most lichen species are unaffected by forest fire.

B The biodiversity in a forest increases after a fire.

C Certain lichen species are better adapted to survive forest fires than others.

D Forest fires will permanently remove certain species from the ecosystem.

F The number of monarch butterflies will decrease because their caterpillars will not have enough food.

G The number of monarch butterflies will stay the same because butterflies reproduce so rapidly their populations can withstand most food shortages.

H The number of monarch butterflies will stay the same because their caterpillars will begin consuming nectar from different types of flowers.

J The number of monarch butterflies will increase because their reproduction rate will increase to ensure some individuals survive.

A Food

B Space

C Oxygen

D Sunlight

Which graph shows the most likely trend in the Daphnia population in the lake shortly before and after the pollution event?

Which of the following would be most helpful in increasing the pond ecosystem’s sustainability?

A Decreasing the number of plant species around the edges of the pond

B Introducing older fish of the same species into the population of algae-eating fish

C Having a greater diversity of living organisms in the pond

D Adding gravel between the water and where the reeds are planted

Based on the organelles observed, the students determine that cell 2 is a plant cell because it has an organelle that —

A allows water to enter and exit the cell

B contains genetic information

C stores water and nutrients

D produces its own food

Species Z can successfully share the same environment with the other plants shown because species Z absorbs water —

A found deep underground, and species X absorbs water near the soil surface

B found deep underground, and species X absorbs water found deep underground

C near the soil surface, and species Y absorbs water near the soil surface

D near the soil surface, and species Y absorbs water found deep underground

Which statement best predicts the change in subsequent populations of these seed-eating birds if the availability of small seeds decreases?

A Birds with a large beak depth will require less food in order to survive and reproduce.

B Birds with a large beak depth will have an advantage over birds with a small beak depth and will be better able to survive and reproduce.

C Birds with a small beak depth will have an advantage over birds with large beak depths and will be better able to survive and reproduce.

D Neither birds with a small beak depth nor birds with a large beak depth will have a reproductive advantage.

Based on the key, what is the name of this wildflower?

F Starflower

G Chickweed

H Bowman’s root

J Common strawberry

B Cells perform a single life function, and most cells come from existing cells.

C Cells use energy from food to be able to perform life functions and work together to produce new cells.

D Cells are the basic unit of structure for all organisms, and all cells come from existing cells.

F Leaves that are needle-shaped

G Leaves that are smallest

H Leaves that store the greatest amount of water

J Leaves with the greatest amount of surface area

How will the changes in the availability of caterpillars most likely affect future populations of P. major?

A P. major will change their food source to plant leaves.

B P. major will lay their eggs earlier in the year.

C P. major will decrease the number of eggs laid at a time.

D P. major will hunt caterpillars earlier in the day when temperatures are cooler.

Even though these puppies have the same parents, they do not all look alike because —

A they were produced by asexual cloning

B some of the puppies have genetic material from only one of the parents

C each puppy has a different combination of genetic material as a result of sexual reproduction

D all the puppies developed from the same fertilized egg

Based on the dichotomous key, in which order does the insect belong?

F Diptera

G Isoptera

H Ephemeroptera

J Zoraptera

A produce less oxygen

B produce less carbon dioxide

C need less fertilizer

D need less solar energy

F The population of native grasses will increase.

G The population of native grasses will decrease.

H Buffelgrass offspring will develop traits like those of native grasses.

J Buffelgrass offspring will develop traits like those of other invasive species.

Which statement best explains a difference between Plant 1 and Plant 2?

A Plant 1 obtains more water from the soil because of its root surface area and root depth.

B Plant 1 obtains more sunlight because of its root surface area and root depth.

C Plant 2 obtains more water from the soil because of its root surface area and root depth.

D Plant 2 obtains more sunlight because of its root surface area and root depth.

F Producing energy for cellular processes

G Allowing water to move into and out of cells

H Synthesizing genetic material

J Directing the reproduction of the cell

Which table explains the functions of the two body systems that the students investigated?

F Archaea

G Animalia

H Bacteria

J Plantae

F Human visitors to coral reef systems break corals growing on rocks.

G Humans catch marine fish at a faster rate than the fish are able to reproduce.

H Humans raise fish in a hatchery for commercial sale.

J Humans construct artificial reefs to attract tourists

F Clown fish protect sea anemones from predatory fish.

G Clown fish decrease competition among sea anemones.

H Clown fish consume the remains of organisms paralyzed by sea anemones.

J Clown fish move water near sea anemones when dissolved oxygen levels are low.

Which of these is most likely observed in an area experiencing a long-term drought?

F Trees with broad leaves will be more healthy than trees with needlelike leaves.

G Trees with leaves that have waxy coverings will be more healthy than trees without wax-covered leaves.

H Trees with broad leaves will be more healthy than trees with small, flat leaves.

J Trees with leaves without any hairlike structures will be more healthy than trees with leaves covered by hairlike structures.

According to this food web, which organisms would the bobcat and diamondback rattlesnake compete for if the mouse population and swamp rabbit population decreased?

A Raccoon and sparrow

B Raccoon and Eastern cottontail rabbit

C Sparrow and seeds

D Sparrow and Eastern cottontail rabbit

Which plant would best compete for sunlight in a rain forest environment?

A Plant 1

B Plant 2

C Plant 3

D Plant 4

A Why is there no soil, grass, or shrubs present in the ecosystem?

B Why are there so many kinds of animals living in the ecosystem?

C What types of hardwood trees are growing in the ecosystem?

D What caused the forest fire that destroyed the previous ecosystem?

Which cellular feature determines whether a pea plant produces smooth or wrinkled seeds?

A Information located in the plasma membrane

B Information present in chromosomes in the nucleus

C Instructions found in proteins of the cytoplasm

D Chemical signals released by mitochondria

Left box- Provides energy for cell functions

Right box- Storage and transport of molecules