https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb en-us 2017-03-15 10:01:18 UTC 2021-02-25 19:10:10 UTC hello@padlet.com lizzie_page https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160194618 To test the effects of rearing in a restricted visual environment, on visual development in kittens ]]> 2017-03-15 10:03:00 UTC https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160194618 lizzie_page https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160194642 -Their pupils responded normally to bright light
-They moved around mainly by touch rather than sight, they failed to stretch out their paws when held above a table and showed no startle response 
-These differences could be overcome within 10 hours of normal visual experience in the light, suggesting they were because of an absence of opportunity to link vision with movement 
-Some kittens visual defects were permanent: bumped into stationary objects, followed moving objects clumsily and were poor at judging distance
-The kitten only had a startle response to a sheet with lines in the orientation they were reared in, the same with following the rod 
-75% of neurons were binocular (normal)
-No neurons had a prefered orientation within 20° of the opposite orientation, and only 12 were within 45° 
-Most neurons were active in the direction they were reared ]]> 2017-03-15 10:03:11 UTC https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160194642 lizzie_page https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160194671 -There was no evidence that areas of the cortex were 'silent', or that areas of the cortical cells were missing, so the changes are not an effect of degeneration 
-The difference between the differently reared kittens suggests that neurons change their prefered orientation according to the stimulation they receive, matching the ability of the brain to respond to the features in its visual input ]]> 2017-03-15 10:03:18 UTC https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160194671 lizzie_page https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160194712 -Shows us that if visual impairments are not detected and corrected early on in childhood then there may be long term damage  to the cortical areas, associated with particular types of stimuli that cannot be seen 
-Raises issues with laboratory animals as they grow up experiencing very limited environments, and so may have altered brain developments, meaning findings based on lab animals may not be generalisable to ]]> 2017-03-15 10:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160194712 lizzie_page https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160195572 2 laboratory raised kittens, housed in darkness until 2 weeks of age ]]> 2017-03-15 10:07:21 UTC https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160195572 lizzie_page https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160195581 -Laboratory experiment using independent measures 
-2 weeks until 5 months of age they spent an average of 5 hours a day in the 2m vertical cylinder, perplex floor half way up that the kittens could move freely on 
-They spent several hours in a well lit room once they were removed from the cylinder, this contained tables and chairs, visual reactions were observed 
-High contrast vertical/ horizontal black & white stripes (IV)
-The effects of rearing (DV) were measured by: their ability to move round objects, jumping from a chair to the floor, following a moving object and responses to a vertical/ horizontal rod
 -From 7.5 months biological studies were conducted on individual neurons in the primary visual cortex to investigate how they responded to lines in terms of orientation and whether they were monocular or binocular (done by anaesthetising the cats and presenting either bright slits or edges while recordings were taken from 125 neurons)]]> 2017-03-15 10:07:26 UTC https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160195581 lizzie_page https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160216729 -Kittens were kept in the dark unless they were in the visual display apparatus 
-They saw no corners, the ceiling was far away and there was no edge to the floor, they worse a cone so they didn't see their own body 
-Both cylinders were the same diameter and length 
-They had the same floor and cover 
-Both kittens spent the same amount of time in the cylinder ]]> 2017-03-15 11:48:09 UTC https://padlet.com/lizzie_page/pxplxwfbkctb/wish/160216729