Organizing Your Speech and Using Supporting Materials by Saffet Özarda https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e en-us 2020-11-12 16:10:30 UTC 2024-10-28 00:18:02 UTC hello@padlet.com Topical Pattern saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917122164 Organizing by types or categories. This type of organization happens when speakers take their main topic and decide what 3 or more main subtopics are the most important to discuss. So, if I wanted to arrange my Empire State Speech topically, I would probably talk about the history of the building, the types of business located in the building, and the tourists who visit the building.]]> 2020-11-12 16:11:36 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917122164 Temporal Pattern saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917486516 With the temporal pattern, your speech is organized chrono-logically into two, three, or four major parts—beginning with the past and working up to the present or the future, or beginning with the present or the future and working back to the past.]]> 2020-11-12 17:20:22 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917486516 Spatial Pattern saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917489186 Organizing your main points on the basis of space is useful when you wish to describe objects or places—progressing from top to bottom, from left to right, from inside to outside, or from east to west, for example.]]> 2020-11-12 17:20:54 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917489186 Problem–Solution Pattern saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917490442 The problem–solution pattern is especially useful in persuasive speeches, in which you want to convince the audience that a problem exists and that your solution would solve or lessen the problem.

]]> 2020-11-12 17:21:08 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917490442 Cause–Effect Pattern saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917499405 The cause–effect pattern is useful in speeches when you want to show your audience the causal connection existing between two events or elements.]]> 2020-11-12 17:22:56 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917499405 The Motivated Sequence saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917505101 The motivated sequence is especially appropriate for speeches designed to move listeners to action (to persuade the audience to do something). But you’ll find it useful for informative speeches as well.

]]> 2020-11-12 17:24:02 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917505101 ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917537412 2020-11-12 17:30:32 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917537412 INTRODUCTIONS >>> saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917604983 2020-11-12 17:43:54 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917604983 Function 1: Gain attention saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917633272 Your introduction should gain the attention of your audience and focus it on your speech topic. You can secure attention in numerous ways; here are just a few.]]> 2020-11-12 17:49:27 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917633272 A) ask a question saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917690466 Questions are effective because they’re a change from the more common declarative statements, and listeners automatically pay 
 attention to change. Rhetorical questions—questions to which you don’t  expect an answer—or polling]]> 2020-11-12 18:00:24 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917690466 B) refer to recent happenings saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917710118 Referring to a previous speech, a recent event, or a prominent person currently making news helps gain attention because the audience is familiar with this and will pay attention to see how you’re going to connect it to your speech topic. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:04:13 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917710118 C) use an example, illustration, or narrative. saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917716080 Much as we are drawn to soap operas, so we are drawn to illustrations and stories about people, especially if they are dramatic or even startling.]]> 2020-11-12 18:05:27 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917716080 D) use a quotation saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917736018 Quotations are useful because audience members are likely to pay attention to the brief and clever remarks of someone they have heard of or read about. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:09:21 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917736018 E) cite a little-known fact or statistic saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917742659 Headlines on unemployment statistics, crime in the schools, and political corruption sell newspapers because they gain attention. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:10:39 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917742659 F) use humor saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917756041 Humor is useful because it relaxes the audience and establishes a quick connection between speaker and listeners]]> 2020-11-12 18:13:14 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917756041 Function 2. Establish a Speaker–Audience–Topic Relationship saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917767837 In addition to gaining attention, use your introduction to establish a connection among yourself as the speaker, the audience members, and your topic. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:15:34 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917767837 saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917780540 A) Establish Your Credibility
B) Refer to Others Present
C) Express Your Pleasure or Interest in Speaking
D) Compliment the Audience
E) Express Similarities with the Audience]]> 2020-11-12 18:18:09 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917780540 Function 3. Orient the Audience saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917823688 The introduction should orient the audience in some way as to what is to follow in the body of the speech. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:26:34 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917823688 A) give a general idea of your subject saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917861307 Orientation can consist simply of a statement of your topic. For example, you might say, “Tonight I’m going to discuss atomic waste” or “I want to talk with you about the problems our society has created for the aged.”]]> 2020-11-12 18:34:09 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917861307 B) identify the main points you’ll cover saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917869312 In your orientation you may want to identify very briefly the main points you’ll cover. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:35:40 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917869312 C) give a detailed preview saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917874501 You may wish to give a detailed preview of the main points of your speech. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:36:45 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917874501 D) identify your goal. saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917881167 Clearly defining the goal is essential in a public speaking]]> 2020-11-12 18:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917881167 CONCLUSIONS saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917897296 Your conclusion is especially important because it’s often the part of the speech that the audience remembers most clearly. Your conclusion may serve three major functions: to summarize, motivate, and provide closure. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:41:26 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917897296 Function 1. Summarize saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917915017 You can summarize your speech in a variety of ways.]]> 2020-11-12 18:44:43 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917915017 A) restate your thesis or purpose. saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917923903 In the restatement type of summary, you recap the essential thrust of your speech by repeating your thesis or 
 perhaps the goals you hoped to achieve]]> 2020-11-12 18:46:28 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917923903 B) restate the importance of the topic saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917927644 Another method for concluding is to tell the audience again why your topic or thesis is so important]]> 2020-11-12 18:47:15 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917927644 C) restate your main points saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917942536 In this type of summary you restate your thesis and the main points you used to support it]]> 2020-11-12 18:50:17 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917942536 Function 2. Motivate >>> saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917950922 2020-11-12 18:51:59 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917950922 A) ask for a specific response saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917961860 2020-11-12 18:54:13 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917961860 B) reiterate the importance of the issue saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917968565 In a speech designed to strengthen attitudes, it may prove of value to restate the importance of the issue to the audience and to the community at large]]> 2020-11-12 18:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917968565 C) provide directions for future action saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917977088 Another type of motivational conclusion is to spell out the action you wish the audience to take]]> 2020-11-12 18:57:13 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917977088 Function 3. Provide Closure saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917982947 The third function of your conclusion is to provide closure. Often your summary will accomplish this, but in some instances it will prove insufficient. End your speech with a conclusion that is crisp and definite. ]]> 2020-11-12 18:58:25 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917982947 A) refer to subsequent events saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917993657 You can achieve closure by looking ahead to events that will take place either that day or soon afterward. ]]> 2020-11-12 19:00:38 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917993657 B) refer back to the introduction saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917997672 It’s sometimes useful to connect your conclusion with your introduction]]> 2020-11-12 19:01:28 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/917997672 C) rephrase or repeat your thesis saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918002156 Especially in persuasive speeches, it’s often useful to repeat the essence of your thesis in a crisp wrap-up]]> 2020-11-12 19:02:20 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918002156 D) thank the audience. saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918010474 2020-11-12 19:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918010474 TRANSITIONS saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918014840 Transitions are words, phrases, or sentences that help your listeners follow the development of your thoughts and arguments and get an idea of where you are in your speech. ]]> 2020-11-12 19:04:53 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918014840 1- Connectives saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918023305 Use connective transitions to connect the major parts of your speech. Use 
 transitions in at least the following places: 
■ between the introduction and the body of the speech 
■ between the body and the conclusion
■ between the main points in the body of the speech ]]> 2020-11-12 19:06:38 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918023305 2- Previews saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918030176 Preview transitions help the audience get a general idea of where you’re going. For example, you might want to signal the part of your speech you’re approaching and say something like, By way of introduction. . ., or In conclusion. . ., Now, let’s discuss why we are here today. . ., or So, what’s the solution? What should we do? ]]> 2020-11-12 19:07:49 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918030176 3- Reviews saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918037691 It often helps to provide periodic reviews (sometimes called internal summaries), especially if your speech is long or complex]]> 2020-11-12 19:09:12 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918037691 4- Signposts saffetozarda1 https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918044905 Signpost transitions are individual words that tell listeners where you are in your speech and would include such terms as 
First, . . . 
A second argument . . . 
Next, consider . . . ]]> 2020-11-12 19:10:44 UTC https://padlet.com/saffetozarda1/pwvkmoqwf7iu4x0e/wish/918044905