Central dogma of molecular genetics by https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123 Made with good vibes en-us 2019-04-25 15:49:58 UTC 2025-11-07 05:30:53 UTC hello@padlet.com https://imgglb.padletcdn.com/v13/image?t=g_auto&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet.net%2Ficons%2Fpng%2F26bd.png DNA jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/354164476 Deoxyribonucleic acid

DEFINITION: 
Structure that carries genetic information in a cell, it consists of two chromatin strands in a double helix daughter.

LOCATION: 
·Eukaryote- Nucleous, mitochondria    and chloroplasts.
·Prokaryote- Cytoplasm

COMPONENTS:
  1· Nitrogenous  bases:
     - Purines (adenine, guanine)
     -Pyramidines (cytosine, thymine)
  2· Phosphate
  3·Deoxyribose
        
         ]]> 2019-04-25 15:51:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/354164476 RNA jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/354565232
DEFINITION:
Consists of a single strand which contains ribose nucleotides instead of deoxyribose nucleotides.
It´s made of the same nitrogenous bases as DNA except thymine, which is replaced by uracil.

LOCATION:
·Eukariote - Cytoplasm and nucleus
·Prokariote - Cytoplasm

COMPONENTS:
· Ribose
· Phosphate
· Nitrogenous bases: ( adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil )

TYPES:
1-Messenger RNA: synthesise proteins
2-Ribosomal RNA: form the ribosomes, amino acids join to make protein chains
3-Transfer RNA: Transports amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes]]> 2019-04-26 18:29:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/354565232 REPLICATION jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/356118093
DEFINITION:
Replication is the process in wich DNA is duplicated during the "S" stage of the cell circle. This process is semiconservative.

LOCATION:
  • Eukaryote - Nucleous
  • Prokaryote - Cytoplasm

COMPONENTS:
1-Enzymes:
-Helicase
-Primase
-DNA polymerase
-Exonuclease
-DNA ligase
2-DNA Template
3-Nitrogenous bases (adenine,guanine,cytosine,
thymine)

STAGES:
1-Separation: Separation of DNA in two stages, forming the Replication fork. Helicase is used.
A)Leading Strange (from 5´ to 3´):
The first enzyme make the primer. DNA polymerase lookfor the primer. Add the different Nitrogenous bases from 5´ to 3´.
(It is continiusly).
B)Lagging Strange: It´s not continiusly. We have some small fragments called Okazaki fragments. In each okazaky fragment we need a primer.

2-Exonuclease: It remove the RNA.

3-DNA plymerase and fill in the gaps DNA.

4-DNA ligase: It join all the fragments.


EXTRA VIDEO:

]]> 2019-05-02 09:29:48 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/356118093 TANSCRIPTION jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084269 It is the process in wich DNA it is tranformed in RNA]]> 2019-05-06 08:21:32 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084269 Where transcription occurs? jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084320 In eukaryotic cell in the nucleus and in prokaryote cells in the cytopalsm.]]> 2019-05-06 08:21:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084320 MATERIAL jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084336 -DNA
-Phosphate
-RNA bases(A,G,C,U)
-Ribose
-Enzymes(RNA polymerise)]]> 2019-05-06 08:21:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084336 PHASES : jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084353 INITIATION
ELONGATION
TERMINATION]]> 2019-05-06 08:22:03 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084353 1INITIATION: jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084376 RNA polymerise look for the promoter and separates the two strands of DNA.The transcription take place at the end of the promoter and this is called initiation site.]]> 2019-05-06 08:22:09 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084376 2ELONGATION: jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084391 During the elongation the complementary RNA strand synthesise from ``5 ´´ to ``3´´.RNA polymerise is the responsible of this process. The DNA it is wider where the RNA it is form. The elongation end when it is reached the terminatio site.]]> 2019-05-06 08:22:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084391 3TERMINATION: jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084414 The RNA polymerise reaches the terminatio site. The RNA it is realised. Now we have DNA and RNA.]]> 2019-05-06 08:22:20 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357084414 TRANSLATION jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357334378
DEFINITION:
Translation is the process that transforms RNA into proteins]]> 2019-05-06 18:26:25 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357334378 Where translation occurs? jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357340455 When we talk about a prokaryotic cell it occurs in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells it takes part in the cytoplasm and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).  ]]> 2019-05-06 18:39:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357340455 Materials. jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357344641 The 3 types of RNA Will be needed.
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
It is also needed the small and large subunit of the ribosome and the realase factor.

]]> 2019-05-06 18:47:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357344641 PHASES: jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357353707 - Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination]]> 2019-05-06 19:08:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357353707 INITIATION jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357360726 - The small subunit of ribosome recognises de cap and ataches de initiation site (AUG)
- The tRNA that contáis anticodons and the Met jois the codon.
- The large subunit of the ribosome joins the small one.


]]> 2019-05-06 19:25:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357360726 Some usefull resources: jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357368838 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bLEDd-PSTQ]]> 2019-05-06 19:47:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357368838 Elongation jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357369020 - The first tRNA is placed in the P site of the ribosome while the second tRNA (complementary to the second codón) is placed in the A site.
- The Met is transfered to the A  site amino acid. The first tRNA exit the P site and the second occupies the space. 
- The ribosome moves along the mRNA and the next tRNA enters.]]> 2019-05-06 19:47:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357369020 Termination jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357369109 - When a stop codos enters the A site a realase factor enters the A site terminating translation.
- When termination finishes the ribosome leaves and the recently created protein is realased.]]> 2019-05-06 19:47:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357369109 jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357686328 DEFINITION: Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

LOCATION: 
Eukaryotic: In the cytoplasm 
Prokaryotic:In the cytoplasm 

MATERIALS: 
-Amino acids 
-DNA polymerase 
-tRNA
-mRNA
-rRNA

Here is a picture of a protein:
]]> 2019-05-07 15:44:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357686328 jesusrodrigo1306 https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357722903 Here is a video explaining how proteins are made:]]> 2019-05-07 16:50:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jesusrodrigo1306/biobritish123/wish/357722903