Caused by a shock of defeat

Tsar Nicholas rebuilt army and police but reverted back to traditional despotism of forefathers

small groups began plotting violent overthrow of Tsarist autocracy

people were angry about contrast between wealth of elites and poverty of common people

The Duma was a Russian representative assembly

response to 1905 revolution following Tsar Nicholas's October manifesto that promised representative assembly with legislative approval powers

intended to be republican-style parliament

lasted from 1904-1905

fighting took place in Manchuria (Northern China)

Both suffered great losses but Russia was ultimately defeated

Russian navy was destroyed by Japanese fleet at Tsushima Strait in 1905

war stemmed from Japan's and Russia's desire for control in Manchuria and Korea bc they had many resources

Russia's involvement in ww1 led to Russian Revolution which led to the Bolshevik gaining power and establishing the Soviet Union

Russia entered ww1 In 1914 to support Serbia against Austria-Hungary

Russia had many military struggles throughout the war

Lenin signed treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany to get Russia out of ww1

1917 overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy in Russia

caused/triggered by widespread food shortages and worker unrest

led to establishment of a provisional government

marked end of autocratic rule in russia

formed in March 1917 after the abdication of Tsar Nickolace ll

direct result of the February revolution

aimed to establish liberal government

ultimately fell to Bolsheviks in october

Bolsheviks gained control of Petrograd Soviet

In september Lenin convinced central committee of bolshevik party to organize armed insurrection and seize power in Name of All-Russian National Congress of Soviets

Nov. 6th & 7th armed people stormed winter palace

• power was passed from provisional government to bolshevik party

Treaty ended Russia's involvement in the Great War (ww1)

signed with Germany on march 3, 1918

treaty gave Germans possession and control of much Russian territory and 1/4 of its population

• in exchange for peace

conflict between Bolshevik Red army and the anti-bolshevik white army

resulted in consolidation of bolshevik power and establishment of soviet union

1917-1923

1924

after Lenin's death, Stalin emerged as leader of soviet union

leading to significant political and economic changes

• including the centralization of power

1921-1928

introduced by Lenin

policy aimed to receive the Russian economy by allowing some private enterprise and market mechanisms within socialist framework

1928

Stalin's ambitious plan aimed at rapid industrialization & collectivization of agriculture

transformed soviet economy

caused widespread hardships

1936-1938

campaign of political repression led by Stalin

resulted in the execution and imprisonment of millions

• including party members, military leaders, ordinary citizens

July 1918

execution of Tsar Nicholas ll and his family

symbolized the definitive end of the monarchy and old empire