https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci Simplified presentation about how different stages of ice age affected to the birth of landforms in Fennoscandia. Clicking the pictures opens them in a larger view. en-us 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC 2023-02-19 16:55:38 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f304.png atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650735 Eastern counterpart for fjords in the Scandes, a piedmont lake shaped by glaciers from former river valleys.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650735 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650736 Glaciers eroded deep U-shaped fjords into the mountain slopes. Basins of these are usually deeper than the sea where the fjords end. Sogne Fjord has a depth of 1308 meters. Fjords are located along the Atlantic coast of Norway.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650736 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650737 Common feature within Scandes, glacier cirques. These are deepened bowls formed by early stages of glaciation and they remained intact through latter total glaciations.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650737 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650738 Low-lying areas were affected by glaciers aswell. Glacial erosion removed softer material and sculptured lineation to bedrock, parallel to movement of ice.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650738 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650740 Movement of glacier shaped medium-sized hills into rock drumlins. They are identified by the steep proximal side and a rocky tail in the direction of glacier movement. The largest of them in the hillshade picture has a length of over 10 kilometers.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650740 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650742 Steep proximal side on the left and rocky tail on the right.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650742 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650743 Glaciers eroded solid rock and thus created superficial deposits. Different stages of ice age furthermore shuffled this material, leading to different kinds of till formations. Different layers of till indicate the stages of ice age and orientation of larger rocks within the till shows direction of the ice flow.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650743 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650744 Glaciers piled loose till infront of the ice mass and in cracks of ice.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650744 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650745 Finally these formations were preserved and remained to alter the landscape in present day.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650745 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650746 Slowly moving and cyclically freezing or melting glaciers have a strong eroding effect on the landscape. Effect of this event can be seen on a massive scale all over Fennoscandia, from the peaks of the Scandes to the lowlands of Gulf of Bothnia. Below are some of the most common formations from glacial erosion.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650746 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650747 Glaciations leave behind deposits of loose material and further glaciations modify them by shuffling, moving and reforming. Flow of the ice is turbulent and spiral, which leads to different kinds of formations based on the velocity of the ice mass. Highlands, lowlands and locations far away from the disturbance center of the glacier tend to have their own formation types.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650747 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650749 Here the glacier's till deposits can be seen as the forest bulges in the lake. ]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650749 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650750 Ground is strongly undulating with till deposits.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650750 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650751 After ice starts to melt from the glaciers it forms glacial rivers inside the glacier. These rivers stratify loose material into assortments from each other (i.e. sand or clay formations compared to unstratified till) and finally the material piles up when waterflow slows down. Flowing water also erodes the ground under high pressure.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650751 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650752 Salpausselkä I is the cause of topography here in this video, going from left to right in it. The factory and city of Lappeenranta is built on top of the formation.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650752 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650753 The island is actually formed from multiple eskers. Their directions are perpendicular to Salpausselkä II, which is located just a few kilometers south from the island. ]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650753 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650754 Eskers from the video. The picture is 1,5 kilometers wide.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650754 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650756 Part of Salpausselkä I, the picture is approximately 50 kilometers wide. Factory from the video is located in the middle.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650756 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650757 These end-moraines formed when melting of ice sheet stopped for hundreds of years and piled up material next to the ice. Sweden and Norway have both one of this kind of formations, Tromso--Lyngen and Ra respectively.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650757 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650758 Glacial drainage rivers brought material to edges of the ice sheet and they can still be seen as eskers in nature. These rivers formed deltas at their ends, which partially form the Salpausselkäs.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650758 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650759 This is an example of the glacier's melted waters at work. Waterflow has eroded a huge channel to the mountain side perpendicular to countour lines.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650759 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650760 Baltic Sea has gone through at least four major parts in its development during the last glacial period. These events can be observed in nature as landformational evidence. ]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650760 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650761 Sandurs and deltas formed at the end of glacial rivers. ]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650761 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650762 Large ice sheet covered almost all of Fennoscandia. Fresh water was dammed in the south. Melting of this stage caused the formation of Salpausselkäs.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650762 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650763 Salt water from the Atlantic started to mix up with fresh water. This was the first ocean stage after the glacial period.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650763 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650764 After the ice sheet melted, land began to rise and it closed the gap to the Atlantic near Denmark. The Baltic consisted of fresh water again and it covered parts of Sweden and almost half of Finland.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650764 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650765 Salt water started to flow into the Baltic again after water levels in the Atlantic rose. Water levels of the Baltic rose at a faster pace than the land was rising, which is called transgression. Ice sheet had completely melted at this point.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650765 atteflinkkila https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650766 Effects of the different stages of the Baltic can be seen in Rokua's national park. The area is covered in dunes and beach ridges, even though the nearest coast is 80 kilometers to N/W in present day.]]> 2023-02-19 16:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/atteflinkkila/pw33vhmw0k3dl8ci/wish/2487650766