Jackie Robinson by Jace Souza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7 Jace and Matt en-us 2023-01-18 23:30:30 UTC 2023-03-08 22:19:25 UTC hello@padlet.com Jackie Robinson Breaks Barriers jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449080920 Jackie did not stand by and watch, either in real life or on the baseball diamond. You must go back in time to comprehend Jackie's role in both life and athletics.



Debnam, Betty. “The Facts.” Jackie Robinson Breaks Barriers, 4 Apr. 1997, p. 23, https://newscomwc.newspapers.com/image/13231481/?terms=Jackie%20Robinson&pqsid=sQjQms3wibeYtK9djVlslQ%3A112000%3A1557327372&match=1. 

]]> 2023-01-18 23:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449080920 Beating The Gun jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449098765 Jackie Robinson baseball fans are a hot topic in Chicago right now. There are both admirers of heroes and detractors.


Overbea, Luix Virgil. “The Black Dispatch.” Beating The Gun, 10 July 1954, p. 7, https://newscomwc.newspapers.com/image/872002324/?terms=%22Jackie%20Robinson%20baseball&pqsid=4zyj8p1kslg8FPMDhcFJXg%3A69000%3A728806291&match=1. Accessed 5 Jan. 2023.]]> 2023-01-19 00:08:49 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449098765 How Much Is That in Real Money? jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449100565 Last but not least, Jackie Robinson actively contributed to the abolition of racism in American society and baseball. The first black player to play in the major leagues, he had been a successful baseball player from his youth. In doing so, he dismantled the color line. He endured numerous threats and racial slurs but yet finished his debut season. Additionally, he had difficulties as a civil rights activist. He helped integrate the MLB, which inspired other sports to do the same. Through Robinson's work, African Americans now have more opportunities, including access to jobs, education, and voting rights.

McCusker, John J. How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical price index for use as a Deflator of money values in the economy of the United States. https://americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf. 


]]> 2023-01-19 00:12:00 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449100565 Jackie Robinson American athlete jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449101874 Robinson, who was raised in Pasadena, California, excelled as an all-around athlete at UCLA and Pasadena Junior College. In addition to baseball, he was a standout in basketball, football, and track. In his third year, Robinson left UCLA to aid his mother with the family's needs. He enlisted in the American Army in 1942 and completed officer candidate school before being promoted to second lieutenant in 1943.
 
“Jackie Robinson.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jackie-Robinson. 


]]> 2023-01-19 00:13:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449101874 Jackie Robinson A&E jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449104013 While both were students at UCLA in the early 1940s, Robinson met Rachel Isum, who was studying to become a nurse. The ceremony took place on February 10, 1946. The couple dealt with increasing bigotry as Robinson developed his major league career, from taunts to threats of murder. Jackie and Rachel both actively participated in the civil rights struggle later in life.


“Jackie Robinson.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 15 Oct. 2021, https://www.biography.com/athlete/jackie-robinson. ]]> 2023-01-19 00:17:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449104013 Jackie Robinson Story https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449105637
IMDb. “Jackie Robinson.” IMDb, IMDb.com, https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0732697/. 
In Cairo, Georgia, USA, Jackie Robinson was born on January 31, 1919. He was an actor best known for 1955 World Series, ABC Stage 67, and The Jackie Robinson Story (1950). (1955). He had a prior union with Rachel Robinson. He passed away in Stamford, Connecticut, USA, on October 24, 1972.


]]> 2023-01-19 00:20:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449105637 Robinson, Jackie Stanford jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449106158 Robinson worked as an executive at Chock Full O'Nuts Corporation after retiring from baseball in 1957. Robinson later joined the board of directors of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People after serving as its chairman during its Freedom Fund Drive. Robinson and King led the Youth March for Integrated Schools in Washington, D.C., in October 1958 as honorary chairman. Robinson expressed concerns to King about the Southern Christian Leadership Conference members' claims that the NAACP had outlived its usefulness two years later.


“Robinson, Jackie.” The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute, 5 June 2018, https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/robinson-jackie. 


]]> 2023-01-19 00:21:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449106158 Jackie Robinson’s Battles for Equality On and Off the Baseball Field jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449107380 Heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis, Jackie's buddy and neighbor at Fort Riley in Kansas, turned to face him. Jackie and the other candidates were admitted into the OCS within a few weeks, despite the fact that Louis wasn't an officer. Louis had some influence at Fort Riley.


Stezano, Martin. “Jackie Robinson's Battles for Equality on and off the Baseball Field.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 13 Apr. 2018, https://www.history.com/news/jackie-robinson-color-barrier-baseball. 


]]> 2023-01-19 00:23:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449107380 JACKIE ROBINSON foundation https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449107870 Jackie Robinson made modern-era history on April 15, 1947, when he became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball. In the future, he would be the first African American to be appointed vice president at a Fortune 500 company, advise politicians, found a bank and a housing development firm, and play a significant role in advancing equal opportunity and first-class citizenship for all Americans during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Robinson was hailed as a "freedom rider before freedom rides," and his name has come to represent overcoming obstacles.


“Jackie Robinson.” Jackie Robinson Foundation, https://jackierobinson.org/jackie-robinson/. 



]]> 2023-01-19 00:23:53 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449107870 Jackie Robinson: Racial Inequality Still Hampers America's Favorite Pastime jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449108839 For African-Americans in 1947, sociopolitical conditions were less favorable than concepts. In American culture and athletics, African-Americans experienced segregated and unfair treatment. Robinson's breaching of the color barrier took place 16 years before Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, DC, and seven years before Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat on the bus and the Brown v. Board of Education ruling.

Rogers, Dexter. “Jackie Robinson: Racial Inequality Still Hampers America's Favorite Pastime.” Bleacher Report, Bleacher Report, 29 Sept. 2017, https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1146330-jackie-robinson-racial-inequality-still-hampers-americas-favorite-pastime. ]]> 2023-01-19 00:25:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2449108839 Jackie Robinson: Baseball and Racism jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459538614
From his earliest years until his passing, Jackie Robinson was an exceptional person. On January 31, 1919, Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia. Following his father's departure for a new woman, his family relocated to Pasadena, California. Despite his mother working many jobs to raise her kids, they were poor. Jackie was proud of his mother, who would not allow the white neighbors to force her away, terrify her, or abuse her children, Manfred Weidhorn stated in Jackie's biography. She taught him how to defend his rights. The Life of Jackie Robinson) (The Life of Jackie Robinson) In high school, he excelled in four sports: baseball, football, basketball, and track. He received the 1938 baseball region's Most Valuable Player award.




“Jackie Robinson: Baseball and Racism.” Chukyoeibei.org, 2018, www.chukyoeibei.org/mag/?p=1720. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:36:43 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459538614 Broke baseball’s color barrier but these Black players still faced racism jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459539043

Baseball's top leagues during the first part of the 20th century only had White owners, therefore Black owners started their own leagues. The Negro National League, which was founded in 1920 with help from Andrew "Rube" Foster, was the first of several leagues to form throughout the years, including the Negro American League, which featured clubs from the Midwest.

Chavez, Nicole. “Jackie Robinson Broke Baseball’s Color Barrier but These Black Players Still Faced Racism.” CNN, CNN, 15 Apr. 2021, www.cnn.com/2021/04/15/us/jackie-robinson-day-negro-league-baseball-spt/index.html. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:38:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459539043 The Great Influence of Jackie Robinson jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459539607
He joined the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro League after receiving his army discharge in 1945. Branch Ricky had been observing players in the Negro Leagues at this period. Ricky oversaw the desegregation of organized baseball while serving as president, general manager, and a portion owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was searching the Negro Leagues for players who were talented enough to play in the Major League, and although Robinson wasn't the best, he seemed like a wise decision. He inked a deal with the Montreal Royals International League, the top minor league of the Dodgers system, in October of 1945. Although he was making great strides, many MLB owners continued to reject the possibility of signing any players of race.

Meyer, Liz. “The Great Influence of Jackie Robinson - the Sports Museum.” The Sports Museum, 17 Feb. 2022, www.sportsmuseum.org/the-great-influence-of-jackie-robinson/. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:40:03 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459539607 Paving the Way Forward jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459539947 The right-hander won both the league batting title and the Most Valuable Player award in 1949. From 1949 to 1954, Robinson was a member of the National League All-Star team. He helped the Dodgers win six National League championships and one World Series in 1955. His first year of eligibility saw him elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.


“Jackie Robinson: Paving the Way Forward.” National Museum of African American History and Culture, 31 Mar. 2022, nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/jackie-robinson. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:41:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459539947 Breaking the Color Line: 1940 to 1946 jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459540577
1940 to 1946 Baseball has been racially divided in organized form by the 1940s. The integration of baseball was a cause that the black press and several of their white colleagues had long fought for. Particularly outspoken was Wendell Smith of The Pittsburgh Courier.

“Breaking the Color Line: 1940 to 1946  | Baseball, the Color Line, and Jackie Robinson  | Articles and Essays  | by Popular Demand: Jackie Robinson and Other Baseball Highlights, 1860s-1960s  | Digital Collections  | Library of Congress.” The Library of Congress, 2015, www.loc.gov/collections/jackie-robinson-baseball/articles-and-essays/baseball-the-color-line-and-jackie-robinson/1940-to-1946/. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:42:58 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459540577 Jackie Robinson becomes first African American player in Major League Baseball jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459542681
They relocated to Pasadena, California, where his mother, Mallie, performed a variety of odd jobs to maintain the family after his father abandoned them in 1920. The Robinsons were impoverished, and the city's small Black population sometimes left Jackie and his pals out of social events despite Pasadena being a rather upscale Los Angeles suburb at the time.

History.com Editors. “Jackie Robinson Becomes First African American Player in Major League Baseball.” HISTORY, HISTORY, 27 Mar. 2020, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jackie-robinson-breaks-color-barrier. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:49:11 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459542681 Baseball and Civil Rights: Jackie Robinson's Activist Impact jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459542902

From modest beginnings, Jack Roosevelt Robinson overcame the color barrier in baseball and went on to become one of the nation's most adored figures. The fervently anti-discriminatory Robinson utilized his enormous reputation to speak out against the injustices he witnessed both on and off the field, upsetting the public, the media, and even his former colleagues who had formerly applauded him for "turning the other cheek."


“Antiques Roadshow | PBS.” Antiques Roadshow | PBS, 2023, www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/stories/articles/2022/11/14/baseball-and-civil-rights-jackie-robinsons-activist-impact. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:49:57 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459542902 HOW JACKIE ROBINSON CHANGED BASEBALL jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459543159
Robinson spent a season playing in the Negro American League after leaving the service. He played with the Montreal Royals of the Canadian minor league for one season in 1946. Robinson was promoted to the Major Leagues in 1947 and quickly rose to prominence as a standout infielder and outfielder with the Dodgers, winning Rookie of the Year honors in the National League.

“CommonLit | the Story of Jackie Robinson & How He Changed Baseball.” CommonLit, CommonLit, 2014, www.commonlit.org/en/texts/how-jackie-robinson-changed-baseball. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:50:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459543159 Why Jackie Robinson was an even better baseball player than you realize jacesouza https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459543298
Every time Rickey chose Robinson, Robinson would show his surprise. Future Hall of Famers Josh Gibson, Satchel Paige, and Monte Irvin, who was recognized as the best young player, were among the major Negro Leagues stars of that era. Irvin was also one of the league's biggest stars. After participating in World War II, Irvin did not feel that he was in the right frame of mind to quickly return to baseball, so it appeared that one of the other two would take the lead. However, Gibson and Paige were already too old by 1945, and Irvin was not the first.

Schoenfield, David. “Why Jackie Robinson Was an Even Better Baseball Player than You Realize.” ESPN.com, ESPN, 14 Apr. 2022, www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/33731976/why-jackie-robinson-was-even-better-baseball-player-realize. Accessed 27 Jan. 2023.
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]]> 2023-01-27 23:51:31 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2459543298 Biography Jackie Robinson matthewzarriello https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2464202308 After graduating from college, Robinson entered the professional football league, but the outbreak of World War II quickly put a stop to his career. He was chosen into the army. At basic training, Jackie made acquainted with renowned boxing champion Joe Lewis. Robinson attended officer cadet school thanks to Joe's assistance.

“Biography.” Ducksters, https://www.ducksters.com/sports/jackie_robinson.php. ]]> 2023-02-01 08:02:23 UTC https://padlet.com/jacesouza/pvlw9lwhnvddjeo7/wish/2464202308