Bubonic plague pandemic

Killed more than 1/3 of European people

Married to Elizabeth of York. (Catholic)

Movement which leads people to the Catholic Reformation

Calvin as a lider figure

"Normal" people against the Catholic church.

Leads to the reformation of the Catholic church

6 marriages but no male heirs

He believed in the Divine Right

(Catholic +/-) => Elimination of Monasteries. Founder of Church of England.

Last wife: Katherine of Aragon (She was from Spain => leads him to a bad relationship with Spain)

He was only 9 years old => Protectorship

(Protestant)

Half-sister of Edward VI; daughter of Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon

A.K.A "Bloody Mary"

(Catholic)

Protestant people' persecutions

England won

Half-sister of Mary I; only survivor children of Henry VII and Anne Boleyn

A.K.A "Virgin Queen"

She restablishes the Catholic Church of England.

She is wise and smart

Her power => Popular consent

A.K.A "King of Great Britain"

=> James I(of England) / James VI(of Scotland)

He is married with Anne of Denmark (raised as a Protestant. Loyal to the Church of England => converted to Catholicism)

He is protestant

Led by Guy Fawkes + non-conforming Catholic people

They failed

He is James I's son

He dissolves parliament => He supports the Divine Right(Absolutism)

At the end of his regime he is EXECUTED.

Major problem => Divine Right

"Roundheads" vs "Cavaliers"

Roundheads are supporters of the Parliament (led by Oliver Cromwell)

Cavaliers are supporters of the King

Results: Roundheads wins => No more King's control in the northern England

Lead by Oliver Cromwell

He is a military dictator, and anti-Catholics

He is the son of Charles I

A.K.A "Merry Monarch"

His reign is known as "The Restoration of Monarchy"

(Anglican)

Younger brother of Charles II; son of Charles I

(Catholic)

Louis XIV (French King) is his cousin and ally

He executes those who doesn't convert to Catholicism => Attempt of re-catholicise England

He suspends Parliament indefinitely (he only summons it once within a ten year period)

Cause: Political and religious conflicts

A.K.A "Bloodless War" => Little bloodshed and violence in England. A peaceful change of government that does not involved any violent uprising or conflic.

Result: Overthrow of James II

Monarchy and Parliament will rule together + Regular meetings

Catholics were not allowed to take the throne

Mary II: daughter of James II and Anne Hyde

They had to sign The Bill of Rights in order to take the throne

No heirs

Secures the Protestant succession => puts the House of Hanover in line for the English throne

She is the daughter of James II and Anne Hyde

He assends because the Act of Succession, and is proclamed as George I.