The Integrated Design Process (IDP) consists of five stages and aims to bring all stakeholders together to examine project objectives, materials, systems, and assemblies from different perspectives.

5 Stages of Integrated Design Process (IDP):

1. Predesign:

• Determine the project's objectives and vision, including:

  • Client consultation

  • Photographs

  • Measurements

  • Code review

  • Programming space and use

  • Compilation of existing drawings (if any)

  • Existing documentation and surveys

  • Statement of probable construction cost

  • Preparation of high-level base drawings

2. Schematic Design:

• Create rough sketches that illustrate the concept design in compliance with rules and regulations. By the end of this phase, drawings should include:

  • Building cross-section

  • Typical wall section

  • Floor plans of all levels with general openings and plumbing fixtures

  • Exterior building elevations with openings and finishes

3. Design Development:

• Finalize the design with specifications for materials, window and door locations, and general structural details. By the end of this phase, drawings should include:

4. Construction Drawings:

• Prepare final construction blueprints, notes, and technical specifications necessary for bidding, construction, and permit applications. Contractors use these detailed drawings and specifications to prepare for construction.

5. Construction:

• Build the project according to the design intent. In case of changes, discussions with the owner about changes and options ensure that alterations are compatible with the owner's vision for the project.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

Problem-Based Learning is an approach where students learn by actively solving real-world problems. Instead of lectures, students work on problems or scenarios, encouraging critical thinking, collaboration, and practical application of knowledge.

Benefits of PBL:

• Retain more core factual knowledge longer and re-use it

• Relate theory to practice

• Higher order thinking – critical & creative

• More engagement & empowerment

FILA (Facts, Ideas, Learning Issues, Action Plan)

Facts:

• Information extracted from the problem scenario

Ideas:

• Brainstorming for possible causes, effects, solutions, and ideas

Learning Issues:

• Finding what are the problems to be addressed based on ideas proposed

Action Plan:

• Solutions to the problems

IDES FILA

1. Health and Wellbeing

   • Idea: Build outdoor gym/gardens

   • Learning Issue: Research for different methods to reduce stress

2. Supports Environmentally Friendly Building Design

   • Idea: Reduce building water consumption, use energy-saving lighting (sensors)

   • Learning Issue: What can we do to save more energy within the building

   • Action Plan: Research for different energy-saving methods

3. Enhancing Existing Spaces in TP to Make Them More User-Friendly

   • Idea: Add more lifts and ramps

   • Learning Issue: What are the requirements for universal design features?

   • Action Plan: Read BCA Code of Accessibility & Universal Design

4. TP has 39 buildings which are GM Platinum certified

   • Idea: Make existing buildings super low energy

   • Learning Issue: What measures to adopt to become SLE?

   • Action Plan: Conduct research on BCA Green Mark 2021

Detail design is the stage where schematic design is transformed into more specific drawings, with meticulous attention given to every element of the building's design and construction.

Detail design includes:

1. ETTV of the facade design

2. Lighting layout and power budget

3. Sustainable building material selection

4. Life Cycle Analysis

What is ETTV?

ETTV (Envelope Thermal Transfer Value) measures the thermal performance of the envelope of an air-conditioned building.

Strengths:

• Well ventilated

• Sufficient daylighting

• Lush greenery

• Easy accessibility

Weaknesses:

• Poor Water Management: Inadequate water management systems.

• Artificial Grass Issues: Ineffectiveness of artificial grass at Horseshoe Plaza.

• Slippery Floors: Occur during wet conditions.

• Lack of Shading and Shelter: Absence of shading devices and shelter areas.

• Library to Design School Bridge: May need improvement.

• Canteen Congestion: Insufficient space leading to human congestion.

• Walking and Queueing Space: Insufficient space, especially during peak hours.

Opportunities:

• Renewable Energy: Increase renewable energy generation through solar panels on level 2 of the engineering block.

• Energy Efficiency: Implement double-glazed windows in classrooms to improve insulation and energy efficiency.

• Renovation Potential: Opportunities for renovations and modernization to improve aesthetics and energy efficiency.

• Adaptive Reuse: Explore opportunities for adaptive reuse, transforming underutilized spaces for new and innovative purposes.

Threats:

• Artificial Grass and Water Accumulation: Horseshoe Plaza's artificial grass hinders water seepage, causing water accumulation during rain and potential slip hazards.

• Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect: UHI leads to higher temperatures in urban areas, reducing overall comfort.

• Excessive Solar Radiation: Excessive solar radiation can result in heat-related illnesses, such as heat stroke and dehydration.

• Gross Floor Area (GFA): This includes spaces with shelter, sellable area, and usable area within a building.

SWOT - South Zone

Strengths:

• Daylighting

• Facade strategies

Weaknesses:

• Only one building has biophilic design

• Facade exposed by daylighting

• Areas that remained unused and do not improve intensity of natural daylight on the facade

• Temasek Polytechnic is exposed by intense daylight 9 hours per day

• Roof and facades

• Glare

• Landscape & Hardscape

Opportunities:

• Incorporate biophilic design to the other buildings

• Shading features

• Insulated materials

Threats:

• Excessive solar radiation

• Lack of proper drainage system

• Hardscape area

Things I've learned from this week

• Non-GFA: Refers to voided areas, such as empty or unused spaces within a building.

• Biophilic Design: A concept employed in the building industry to enhance the connection of building occupants with the natural environment. This is achieved through direct nature (like plants), indirect nature (such as natural light), and considerations of space and place conditions.

• Green Replacement: The practice of incorporating green elements, such as vegetation and greenery, into the design of buildings.

• Piezoelectric: The property of certain materials to generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress or pressure.

• Identify areas of improvement in the zone

• Refer to GM 2021 to find sub section related to the area of improvement

• Propose design ideas for it

• The area targeted for the design idea

Classrooms in Temasek Poly are usually facing west

Window design must be considered

Most of the heat from evening sun comes from west side

Stormwater management - Controlling the quantity and quality of rainwater runoff that occurs during storms or heavy rainfall

Rain garden - Garden that helps manage stormwater runoff from rooftops, driveways, sidewalks, and other impermeable surfaces

Open grid pavement - Type of pavement surface that is designed to allow water to infiltrate through it and into the underlying ground

Green Plot Ratio - Measurement of the amount of greenery or vegetated space in a particular area or development relative to the total built-up area, calculated by :

Total leaf area of greenery counted as landscape replacement (softscape)/Total site area of development

LAI (Leaf Area Index) - Parameter used to quantify the density of vegetation cover in a particular area

Worst orientations

1. West

2. East

3. South

4. North

Super low energy saving

• Design approach in building construction

• Aims to achieve extremely high levels of energy efficiency

• Reducing energy consumption to a minimum

• Buildings that sustain comfortable and functional indoor environments using a minimum amount of energy

Key features of super low energy

• Passive designs (orientation/natural daylight etc.)

• Renewable energy integration (reduce energy cost)

• Smart systems (advanced building management systems)

• -Sustainable materials (reduce carbon footprint)

• -Water efficiency and water usage

What does it take to go from platinum to SLE?

• Renewable Energy

Integrating renewable energy sources like solar panels, wind turbines or geothermal heating and cooling systems to reduce building's carbon footprint

• Water Efficiency

Go beyond standard water conservation measures with advanced technologies like greywater recycling and rainwater harvesting

• Green Materials

Selecting building materials with the lowest environmental impact, such as those with high recycled content or sustainably sourced materials. Consider materials that are both durable and low in toxicity

Difference between a platinum rating and Net Zero building

Platinum BCA Rating (Green Mark Platinum)

- Criteria-Based: BCA's Platinum rating is highest tier in the Green Mark scheme. It evaluates a building's performance across several categories, including energy and water efficiency, indoor environmental impact, sustainable features and practices.

- Holistic Approach: Beyond just energy, the Platinum rating considers a building's entire environmental impact, from the materials used in construction to the building's integration with its surroundings.

- Quantitative Metrics: A building must meet specific numerical thresholds in each category to achieve Platinum rating

Net Zero Building

- Energy Specific: A Net Zero Building specifically refers to energy balance. It produces as much as renewable energy on-site as it consumes on a daily basis. Focus is solely on energy equation

- Varied Approaches: Net Zero can be achieved through combination of energy-efficient design and technologies and on-site renewable energy generation

- Operational Achievement: While design is crucial, achieving net zero status is also about how the building is operated. Energy consumption must consistently be offset by renewable energy pollution

• It refers to the total amount of carbon emissions made by a building throughout its life cycle.

Buildings are responsible for 39% of global carbon emissions (28% operational emissions + 11% materials and construction)

Facade design changes, space planning and ESD analysis

• Concept design is the phase where architects explore the vision, key themes, and goals of the project before delving into detailed design considerations

Concept design includes

• Space Planning

• Mood boards

• Landscape Design

Facade design changes, space planning and ESD analysis

• Schematic design is the phase of the design process where architects and designers explore and develop the concepts ideas

Schematic design includes

• Building simulations

• Interior design

• Research on the concept ideas

• Schematic design is the phase of the design process where architects and designers explore and develop the concepts ideas

Schematic design includes

• Building simulations

• Interior design

• Research on the concept ideas