Autonomic Nervous System by https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt Unit 2 en-us 2021-04-11 17:09:26 UTC 2022-02-20 21:53:50 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f974.png NEUROTRANSMITTERS OF: mckennasmith28 https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404593269 -Sympathetic N.S.
  • Acetylcholine (ACH)-cholinergic
  • Norepinephrine (NE)-adrenergic
  • Epinephrine (EPI)-adrenergic
  • Dopamine (DA)
-Parasympathetic N.S.
  • Acetycholine (ACH) 


]]> 2021-04-11 17:27:17 UTC https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404593269 WHERE ARE THE NEUROTRANSMITTERS LOCATED? mckennasmith28 https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404623729 -Sympathetic N.S.
  • ACH- neurotransmitter released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings
  • NE- neurotransmitter released at postganglionic nerve endings; synthesized from dopamine and  released by adrenal medulla and neurons
  • EPI- acts on adrenergic receptors, produced by adrenal medulla
  • DA- Produced in the brain, and located in the midbrain and nucleus of hypothalamus.
-Parasympathetic N.S.
  • ACH- released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings 


Hitner, H., Nagle, B. T., Kaufman, M. B., Ariel, H. (., & Peimani-Lalehzarzadeh, Y. (2022). Pharmacology: An introduction. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
]]> 2021-04-11 17:43:40 UTC https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404623729 RECEPTORS AND MAIN LOCATIONS mckennasmith28 https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404665757 -Sympathetic N.S.
  • Alpha 1- found on glands, smooth muscles, arteries and veins
  • Beta 1- located on heart; stimulated by NE and EPI
  • Beta 2- located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries and coronary arteries; stimulated by EPI only.
-Parasympathetic N.S.
  • Alpha 2- Located in the brain and in the periphery.

Hitner, H., Nagle, B. T., Kaufman, M. B., Ariel, H. (., & Peimani-Lalehzarzadeh, Y. (2022). Pharmacology: An introduction. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
]]> 2021-04-11 18:07:18 UTC https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404665757 ORGAN RESPONSES mckennasmith28 https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404700461 -Sympathetic N.S. 
  • Heart- increases heart rate and AV conduction; increases contractility 
  • Brain- hypothalamus activates sympathetic responses  by sending signals the adrenal glands. These glands respond by pumping the hormone epinephrine into the bloodstream
  • lungs- Bronchodilation; increases airflow to the lungs
  • Bladder- relaxes 
  • Gi Motility- decreased
-Parasympathetic N.S. 
  • Heart- decreases heart rate and contractility
  • Lungs- Bronchoconstriction 
  • Endocrine and Exocrine glands- stimulates salivation
  • Bladder- contracts 

]]> 2021-04-11 18:27:00 UTC https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404700461 DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS mckennasmith28 https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404737141 -Sympathetic N.S.
  •   Alpha 1 Adrenergic agonists-  all alpha and beta receptors are stimulated; contraction of smooth muscle  and blood vessels, BP increases.
-SPECIFIC EXAMPLES: ephedrine, phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine™),
epinephrine (Adrenalin™) 
Alpha  1 Adrenergic blocking drugs- binds to alpha 1 receptors and blocks them; relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation.
-SPECIFIC EXAMPLES: prazosin (Minipress™), terazosin (Hytrin™), doxazosin (Cardura™)
  • Beta 2 Adrenergic agonists- Stimulates beta 2 receptors; bronchodilation, relaxation of lungs.
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES: formoterol (Foradil™), albuterol (Proventil™/Ventolin), terbutaline (Brethine™)
  • Beta 1- Adrenergic blocking drugs- Beta 1 receptor is blocked; decreases force of contraction, BP, HR, and conduction
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES: dobutamine
-Parasympathetic N.S.
  • Anticholinergics- bind to a cholinergic receptor; increase HR, slows digestion and urination, ats as blocking drug.
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES: atropine, dicyclomine (Bentyl™), ipratropium bromide (Atrovent™).
  • Cholinergics- bind to muscarinic receptors; mimics ACH
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES: 
acetylcholine, pilocarpine (Pilocar™), neostigmine (Prostigmin™)
Sources: ACC Unit 2 ANS pt. 2 powerpoint.
Hitner, H., Nagle, B. T., Kaufman, M. B., Ariel, H. (., & Peimani-Lalehzarzadeh, Y. (2022). Pharmacology: An introduction. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
]]> 2021-04-11 18:46:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/1404737141 Two divisions of ANS mckennasmith28 https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/2053527791 >Sympathetic Nervous system (Adrenergic)
>Parasympathetic (Cholinergic)]]> 2022-02-17 16:03:58 UTC https://padlet.com/mckennasmith28/pt6q8xld7mhoa8nt/wish/2053527791