GROUP 14. SLAVERY & CIVIL WAR by https://padlet.com/amaiurpuente13/pt0z6ljn0wcosvpf by Aiora, Amaiur, Leire and Izaskun en-us 2021-10-21 11:47:42 UTC 2026-01-07 23:03:43 UTC hello@padlet.com amaiurpuente13 https://padlet.com/amaiurpuente13/pt0z6ljn0wcosvpf/wish/1836484543
  • It's a euphemism for slavery (by the slaveholders)
  • First African slaves arrived to the Jamestown settlement (Virginia) in the ship "The White Lion" (1619)
  • The slave trade journey was called “The Middle Passage”. It lasted three weeks; then the slaves were auctioned
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  • They were used as cheap labour in plantations (tobacco, rice, cotton...)
  • They lived there in small quarters, separated to avoid rebellions
  • Hierarchy: domestic slaves > plantation slaves
  • They had restrictions (Slave Codes): Read, write, own property, assemble, get legally married...

    • Slavery spread in the South because of:
      1. The industrialization of the North
      2. The growth of the cotton industry 
    • Southern economy became dependant on slavery
    • Separation of: the North (abolitionists) and the South (slaveholders) → Civil War
    • American Independence (1776). The Constitution allowed slavery
    • From the late 18th century though, it was abolished in some states
    • It was completely illegalized when the Civil War ended (1865)

    ]]>     2021-10-22 14:46:15 UTC https://padlet.com/amaiurpuente13/pt0z6ljn0wcosvpf/wish/1836491358     amaiurpuente13 https://padlet.com/amaiurpuente13/pt0z6ljn0wcosvpf/wish/1836519820 1619: Start of slavery in the New World
    1776: The USA becomes independent. The Constitution supports slavery
    1829: Origin of radical abolitionism
    1861: Abraham Lincoln becomes President
    1861: The Civil War starts
    1863: The Battle of Gettysburg
    1865: The Civil War ends and slavery is abolished

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  • In the 1820's colonization of free slaves was the first accepted solution in order to solve the problem of slavery. 

    • The aim of the solution was to take black slaves back to their countries so that they could enjoy life there. The majority of these slaves disagreed with the idea.

    • At the end of the decade a great abolitionist movement started.

    • The abolitionist sentiment already existed in the United States since 1755, but the one from the 19th century was more extreme than that from 1755.

    • The first abolitionist societies asked for slavery to be abolished little by little. This new group thought that slavery had to be eradicated right away.

    • They filled up the south with abolitionist literature, but the president Andrew Jackson forced post offices not to deliver this type of literature in that cardinal direction.


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  • Roots (miniseries, 1977)
  • 12 years a slave (2013)
  • The Underground Railroad (miniseries, 2021)
  • The Interesting Νarrative of The Life of Olaudah Equiano (book, 1798)
  • Lincoln (2011)
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  • Dictionary of American History (n.d.). Peculiar Institution. From https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/peculiar-institution
  • History.com Editors (2009, November 23). Slavery in America. HISTORY https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery
  • History.com Editors (2009, October 29). Underground Railroad. HISTORY https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/underground-railroad
  • Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. (2018). Overview of Slavery. Digital History. From http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraid=6&smtid=1
  • Mintz, S., & McNeil, S. (2018). Overview of the Civil War. Digital History. From http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraid=7&smtid=1
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). A House Divided. U.S. History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/33.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). Abolitionist Sentiment Grows. U.S. History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/28.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d). African-American Abolitionists. U.S History Online Textbook. From
    https://www.ushistory.org/us/28b.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). Fort Sumter. U.S History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/33a.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). From Uneasy Peace to Bitter Conflict. U.S. History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/32.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). Gettysburg: High Watermark of the Confederacy. U.S. History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/33g.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d). Northern Plans to End the War. U.S History Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/33h.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). Slave Life and Slave Codes. U.S. History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/27b.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). Strenghts and Weaknesses: North vs. South. U.S History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/33b.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). The Peculiar Institution. U.S. History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/27.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d). The Road to Appomatox. U.S History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/33i.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). The Underground Railroad. U.S History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/28c.asp  
  • ushistory.org (n.d.). The War Behind the Lines. U.S. History Online Textbook. From https://www.ushistory.org/us/34.asp
  • ushistory.org (n.d). William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator. U.S History Online Textbook. From
    https://www.ushistory.org/us/28a.asp


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  • 1856-1860: forces on the extremes were becoming more and more powerful.
  • Front and center was the issue of slavery. 
  • The Dred Scott case: opportunity to resolve it → but neither a state nor the Congress had the right to outlaw slavery.
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  •  The Civil War → would require a complete revolution in the economies of both regions:
    1.  Determine the outcome of the war
    2.  Transform the new nation politically, socially, and economically.

    • In the North: President Lincoln
    1. Continually battle to win reelection. 
    2. Copperheads ("Peace" Democrats) repeatedly thwarted the President's leadership initiatives. 
    • In the South: Jefferson Davis 
    1. Constantly had to fight with individuals
    2.  State legislatures for the power he needed to run the Confederate government.

    • Both the North and the South experienced high rates of inflation → South's rate 80 times greater.
    • Labour shortages 
    • Increasing class conflict between the wealthy and the poor. 
    • Since most of the battles in the Civil War took place in the South, great physical destruction was wrought throughout the region → mass poverty and despair.

    • New roles for Northern and Southern women.



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  • William Lloyd Garrison, who at first supported colonization, ended up being the leader of the abolitionist sentiment. In 1832 he launched the antislavery society of New England.

    • In 1829, David Walker declared that slavery was a bad practice. Therefore, Walker was who originated radical abolitionism.

    • Frederick Douglass was the most known afro american activist. After his freedom was bought in England, he went back to the United States and started to publish an abolitionist newspaper. 

    • Sojourner was freed in 1927 and since then she spread the word about slavey. Not only did she join the abolitionist movement, but she also joined the women’s suffrage campaign. 

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    • The Underground Railroad was a network operated by abolitionists to help slaves escape to freedom.

    • It went on from the 1830's until the end of the Civil War.

    • They worked at night, moving slaves through safe stations until they reached the free states or  Canada. 

    • It was regarded as stealing property by slave owners.

    • Over 3,200 people are known to have worked on the railroad, but most of the time slaves traveled on their own, trying to avoid sheriffs and slave catchers.
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  • Harriet Tubman was one of the most outstanding “conductors” of the underground railroad.

    • Born a slave, she started working on the railroad to free her family members. 

    • In the 1850s she made 19 separate trips into slave territory and freed about 300 slaves. 

    • She worked as a spy for the Union during the Civil War. 

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  • The American Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate artillery opened fire on Fort Sumter four months after South Carolina’s secession from the Union.

    • The North initially fought just to conserve the Union. Abraham Linconl’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 made slavery a moral cause for the North. 

    • On July 1, 1863, the battle of Gettysburg began. It lasted three days and marked a decisive victory for the Union; the South lost any hope for recognition by any foreign government.

    • During the next two years, the Union managed to:
    1. Fully blockade all Southern coasts
    2.  Control the Mississippi River 
    3.  Capture Atlanta, Savannah and South Carolina. 

    • On April 9, 1865, in Appomattox Court House, Virginia, the surrender for the Army of Northern Virginia was signed, marking the end of the war with a clear Union victory.
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