Factors influencing Fertility and Mortality in countries by Britta Hoernchen

Factor affecting fertility in Afghanistan:

jennyl2020 — 2017-04-30 14:27:14 UTC

The ban on education for young women and girls has been recently lifted.

The effects of this can be seen in the declining birth rates in Afghanistan, as more women sought freedom through education. As women become more independent, being able to seek better jobs with sufficient education, they no longer have to rely on men. This has led to fewer early marriages, and therefore fewer births on average per woman.

The average number of children a woman is expected to bear dropped from 8 in the 1990s, to 6.3 in the mid 2000s to 5.1 at the end of the decade

Factor affecting fertility in India :

2017-05-01 10:52:45 UTC

The estimated fertility rate in India has been an average of 2.1. Higher female literacy has increased the participation of women in the work force.

India became the first country in the world to launch a family planning programme, this has effected the fertility rates in India in ways such that women have been receiving better education. Due to the campaigns the government has sustained this has increased the participation of women in the work force, as well as contributing to the lowering of the fertility rates in Indian cities.

the fertility rate during the year of 1971 was nearly double the amount of the present fertility rate with a rate of 5.4. Which ultimately shows how significantly the fertility rates have dropped since then. Nowadays many couples prefer one child even though that is not seen as normal. This means that there are not enough children born in Indian cities to replace the existing population of their parents. Studies have shown that the total fertility rate (TFR) during 2006 was 2 children per woman in urban areas, from 2010 it has dropped below that.

Factors influencing Fertility and Mortality in Japan.

2017-05-03 18:26:24 UTC

Japan has experienced a decrease in population (128,063,000 total (peak) population in 2008 (according to graph showing between years 1960 and 2015) to 126,820,000 as of 2015), source (4), and birth (fertility rate, total (births per woman) of 1.37 in 2008 to 1.43 in 2015), source (1) and increased death rates (crude death rate (per 1000 people) of 9.10 in 2008 and / compared to 10.48 as of 2015) (the aging population increasing), (source 2,3). This occurrence is indicating economic and social problems in Japan. The aging population and uncertain economic consequences have been becoming aware but little steps have been taken to solve the problem, source (3).

In 1970 the average first child birth was 25.6 but has increased to 30.1 according to source (3). The Japanese government has started a initiative program in 2009, in an effort to increase birth rates / fertility rates to counter the decline. The family would have to plan for 2 children, source (3).

Bibliography

(source 1) - "Japan - Fertility Rate, Total (births per Woman) - Country Comparison." IndexMundi - Country Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2017. .

(source 2) - "Japan - Death Rate, Crude (per 1,000 People) - Country Comparison." IndexMundi - Country Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2017. .

(source 3) - Writer, Leaf Group. "Factors Influencing Japan's Population." Synonym. Synonym, 31 Mar. 2017. Web. 03 May 2017. .

(source 4) - "Japan - Population, Total - Country Comparison." IndexMundi - Country Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2017. .