Historical Context for the Civil Rights Movement by Andy J Wong

1607: American colonies are settled by the British

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1787: U.S. Constitution ratified

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1861-1865: American Civil War

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1909: NAACP founded by W.E.B. DuBois

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1914-1918: World War I

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1954: Brown vs. Board of Education

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1950s-1960s: Civil Rights Movement

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1941-1945: World War II

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1776: American Revolution

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First slaves imported to America late August, 1619

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Colonist began using slaves from Africa

3/5 Compromise 1787

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Out of 5 slaves, 3 of them will be counted as population while the other 2 were property.

Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857

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The Supreme Court ruled that slaves have no citizenship nor that Congress has the ability to regulate slaves. This increased tension for the Civil War

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852

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A book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that shows the terror and horror of slavery.

Fugitive Slave Act 1850

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Required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state

Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863

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Declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

Amendments 13, 14, & 15 January 31, 1865

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13th = abolished slavery, 14 = citizenship and equal treatment ,and the 15th = voting rights

KKK founded December 1865

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A hate group that is a response to the perceived threat of racial equality, Ku Klux Klan.

Plessy v. Ferguson Apr 13, 1896

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Ruled that separate-but-equal facilities were constitutional, upholding racial segregation laws

Harlem Renaissance 1920

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An intellectual and cultural revival of African-American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics and scholarship

Federal Housing Administration (FHA) 1934

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The FHA’s primary function was to increase home ownership by encouraging banks to make loans to home builders and to home buyers, however they refused to lend loans to African Americans

GI Bill passed June 22, 1944

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Allowed (white) veterans to buy new homes and attend college at the end of World War II. African Americans were exempted from this.

Truman de-segregates the military July 26, 1948

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The US military integrated with African Americans.

Montgomery Bus Boycott Dec 5, 1955

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Rosa Parks was arrested for the refusal of giving a white man her seat on the bus, this sparked many black citizens of Montgomery refused to ride the city’s buses in protest over the bus system’s policy of racial segregation

Little Rock 9 September 4, 1957

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In Little Rock, Arkansas, 9 African American students rerolled into a all white school. President Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort them as there were many assault attempts.

White Flight 1950-1960

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large-scale migration of whites out of cities and into suburbs. This prevented blacks from living with them. They redline them, a method were they would refuse a loan or a grant from a non-white buyer, and restrictive covenants, which are contracts forbidding the sale of homes to non-white buyers. This is happening post World War II.

Martin Luther King’s “I have a dream” speech/March on Washington 1963

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MLK delivered a speech where he gave impassioned voice to the demands of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement using universal themes to depict the struggles of African Americans

Civil Rights Act (1964)

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Banned labor (work) discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin

Voting Rights Act (1965)

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Prohibit racial discrimination in voting