The english, my friend and my home by López Carmona Azhara Michelle https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu In these columns I will show what I have learned during this class period. en-us 2021-09-22 12:30:11 UTC 2023-03-04 23:29:37 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f3c8.png Hi! What's up? This is me. lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761150729 My name is Azhara López, I am in grade 11 at Escuela Normal Superior María Auxiliadora. I have 2 brothers, my mom and my dad, who are the sunshine of my life. My hair is black, wavy, I have dark brown eyes and I am short.

I consider myself a kind, considerate, empathetic, giving person. I like writing, reading, drawing, dancing and watching anime, series and movies. I don't like impatient people, injustices, stubborn people and those who have high ego.

]]> 2021-09-22 20:53:56 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761150729 Second conditional lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761181739 The second conditional, or present conditional, speaks of things that could still happen, although the possibility of their occurrence seems remote.

Its structure is:
If + subject + simple past + subject + would + infinitive (without to).

Some examples:
If I won the lottery, I would buy my dream house.
If he were our boss, we’d call him sir.

"We'd" is the contraction of "We would"

Now here some examples with negative sentences:
You wouldn’t be here if it weren’t for your parents.
They wouldn’t do it if they didn’t enjoy it.

Interrogative sentences:
Would you mind if I took off my boots?
Would I hurt your feelings if I didn’t come?


]]> 2021-09-22 21:17:12 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761181739 Third conditional lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761184926 The third conditional is the one we use to talk about the past. That is, we use the Third Conditional to refer to something in the past that is impossible to change or to imagine situations that we would like to happen in the future. If I knew, I would have worn something more elegant.

It is formed with Past Simple + would/could

Examples:

1. If she had been there, I would have seen her.
2. If we had had more time, we would have visited Pompeii.
3. If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam.
4. If I had been able to afford it, I would have bought the Porsche.
5. If Bill had arrived earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.


]]> 2021-09-22 21:19:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761184926 Passive voice lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761200766 PASSIVE VOICE: It is used when we want to give more importance
to the action and not to the person who has performed it, we use the passive voice.

STRUCTURE: The passive voice is formed with the auxiliary verb "to be" and the past participle of the verb.

Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + past participle

USES:
o We use the passive voice when we do not know who has performed the action.
Examples:
A civilian has been killed
 The car was stolen

o We use the passive voice when we want to give more importance to what happened than to who performed the action or when we do not want to say who performed the
action.

Examples:

o The letter was delivered yesterday.
  A mistake was made.


RULES:
1 The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive.
2 The main verb is replaced by the auxiliary "to be" in the same tense, together with the main verb in participle.
3 The subject of the main sentence becomes the agent complement of the passive.
4 If we mention in the sentence the subject that performs the action (agent subject), it will normally be preceded by the preposition "by"
5 We cannot use the passive voice with intransitive verbs such as "die", "arrive" or
"go". Intransitive verbs are verbs that do not have a direct object.

EXAMPLES WITH COMPARISON:
The active voice:
Mark Twain wrote the book.

The passive voice:
The book was written by Mark Twain.

The active voice:
The housekeeper will clean the room.

The passive voice:
The room will be cleaned by the housekeeper.]]> 2021-09-22 21:31:48 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761200766 Both, either, neither lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761234430 Both, either and neither are particles that allow us to give information about two elements.

Both: Las dos

Either: Cualquiera de los dos

Neither: Ninguno de los dos

Both: The particle both (both/both, both/both of them) is used in affirmative sentences and precedes a plural noun. When we already know what we are referring to, it is not necessary to mention the noun. 

For example: Both tyres are flat. 
 I like both hats. 

It can be followed by the preposition of, although this is optional. However, its use is obligatory when both precedes an object pronoun in the plural (us, you, them).

I've read both (of) these books.
I've read both of them.

Both can also be used with verbs. Its position in the sentence will be before the main verb, but after the verb to be. 

They are both thinking the same.
They both like this activity.


Either: The particle either is used in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. It precedes a singular noun, although when we already know what we are referring to, it is not necessary to mention the noun.

Either option will do.
Which one do you want? Either

It is followed by the preposition of before a plural noun preceded by a determiner (the, my, these...), or when it precedes an object pronoun. 

You can't take either of these blankets.
Do either of you know the new boss?

We can use either (either / neither / any / any) with the particle or to express two things:

- In affirmative sentences it expresses an alternative and/or choice. 
- In negative sentences, it expresses that neither of two options is given.

You can hand the essay in either today or tomorrow.
I don't have either a pen or a pencil.


Neither: The particle neither (neither/neither, neither one nor the other) is used in phrases with an affirmative verb to express a negative phrase. It precedes a singular noun. 

Neither hotel has a swimming pool.
Which of these comics do you prefer? Neither. 

It is followed by the preposition of before a plural noun preceded by a determiner (the, my, these...), or when it precedes a plural object pronoun. 

Neither of these CDs is mine.
Neither of us has ridden a horse before.

 Podemos utilizar neither con la partícula nor para expresar que de dos opciones no se da ninguna. 

Neither he nor she knows where they have to go.
They can neither work nor study.










]]> 2021-09-22 21:59:09 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761234430 Intensifiers lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761240845 So, such: So and such are used to introduce the  consequence of some fact, or to emphasize. Similarly, so is also used for everyday expressions such as: That's so interesting!

TOO: Too is used to express something negative, the individual is not happy with the
situation in which he is immersed.

ENOUGH: Enough has a positive meaning, the individual considers the situation as
probable and sufficient.

STRUCTURE OF SO: Noun + verb + so + adjective/adverb/determiner (+ that clause)

1 My suitcase was so heavy that I couldn’t carry it.
2 She has travelled so widely that she’s forgotten what home is like.
3 It was so cold! (emphatic)

STRUCTURE OF SUCH: Such + adjective + noun (+ that clause)
A. The bus took such a long time to come that I decided to walk instead.
B. They had such a good time! (emphatic)

STRUCTURE OF TOO: Too + adjective/adverb/determiner (+noun) (+to infinitive)
1. It was too cold to sleep.
2. I’m speaking too quickly. I’m sorry!
3. That’s too much money. I can’t afford it.

STRUCTURE OF ENOUGH: enough + noun
adjective/verb + enough
1. She’s rich enough to buy the whole town.
2. You’re not doing the work carefully enough.
3. There’s enough time for a coffee.
4. Have you got enough money to call a taxi?

RULES:

o We can use quantifiers ("many", "much", "little", etc.) with "so" to indicate extremes in quantity, but we must remember the rules for the use of quantifiers and countable and uncountable, singular and plural. These are the only cases in which "so" is used with a noun such as "so much" or "so many".
o As with "so", we can use "such" with "that" to show extremes that end in a result. In
general, the use of "that" is optional.]]> 2021-09-22 22:04:17 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761240845 Cause-effect connectors lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761242441 Cause and effect connectors allow you to link ideas that have an action and its consequence.

BECAUSE: The connector "because" allows you to connect the effect and the cause of an action. This connector is followed by a noun and a verb in the gerund.

FOR: The connector "for" is used in the same way as the connector "because". The only rule you must keep in mind is that this connector is written after a comma.

BECAUSE OF: The connector "because of" is very similar to the connector "because". Although both express a cause, "because of" is followed by a noun.

DUE TO: Due to have the same meaning as the connector "because of", but they have certain particularities. The first peculiarity is that both connectors are followed by a noun.

The second peculiarity of these connectors is that they can be used in the middle of a sentence but if you want to do this, you must add the structure "the fact that";.

SINCE AND AS: Since/as connectors can be used if you want to emphasize the result rather than the cause. If you are speaking or writing in a more formal context. It is important to know that these connectors can also be used at the beginning of the sentence.

STRUCTURE:
BECAUSE: Consequence + Because + Cause
For: Cause + "For" + reason
BECAUSE OF: Pronoun + past tense verb + because of
DUE TO: Due to + pronoun + modal verb + complement
SINCE: Since + a point in time (in the past), until now
AS: Subject + verb TO BE + as + adjective + as + complement

RULES:
1 When you use the connector "due to" you must add a comma in the
sentence.

2 It is important to note that when using the "since" connector, you must add a comma before the connector.

EXAMPLES:
1 Because of her illness, she had to stay at home.
2 They cancelled the concert because of the heavy rain.
3 Sarah died because of a car accident.
4 Due to the rain, Michael and his family could not go to camp.
5 Marcus does not eat chocolate, since he got sick.
6 Since she got good grades, Maria decided to study every day.
7 I want to go to London as I saw pictures on the Internet.]]> 2021-09-22 22:05:30 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761242441 Cause or condition connectors lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761243623 Contrast: Contrast connectors serve to connect different ideas or to highlight the differences between elements of the text. They are especially useful in writings in which we 
are presenting an argument and we want to compare  opposing positions. They can also be used as a punch line to introduce unexpected information.

ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, THOUGH: ALTHOUGH, THOUGH y EVEN THOUGH + subject + verb
BUT: subject + verb + but + complement

YET: As for its placement, yet will go at the end of the sentence and we will use it in negative sentences and questions.

HOWEVER/ NEVERTHELESS: It goes at the beginning of a sentence and is followed by a comma. She was very sad. 

HOWEVER/NEVERTHELESS she held back
tears.

CONDITION: They are those that indicate a condition for the accomplishment of something.

If: If + Condition (sentence with verb conjugated in present simple) + will + Result (sentence with verb in infinitive). 

Option 2: Result (sentence with infinitive verb) + will + if + Condition (sentence with verb conjugated in present simple).

Whether: Whether is placed in the sentence before the infinitive verb to refer to future decisions or plans: She is not sure whether to sleep or not.

As long as: as long as + noun pronoun clause
In case: A clause + in case+ a clause
Precaution + in case + possibility
A clause + just in case

RULES:

 Rule 1: Position: Grammatical connectors can be at the beginning of the sentence, at the end, or between the two ideas they link. The decision about the place of the connector in the sentence depends entirely on the writer. Although there are some that, due to their characteristics, it is recommended that they always go in one place, for example, when we list (first, second, etc.), it is best to put the connector at the beginning of each sentence.

 Rule 2: Nouns and verbs: After a connector we can find a noun or a gerund.

 Rule 3: Congruency: It is of vital importance to use connectors appropriate to the type of text we are writing. If we send a WhatsApp message to a friend, we can use informal connectors, while if we write a research text we should use formal connectors.

SOME EXAMPLES:
o Dublin is a great city and I love living there. However, accommodation is
overpriced and I can barely afford it
o I enjoy being with children but I am quite sure I don’t want any of my own.
o Although the weather is bad, l want to go to the beach
o I want to go to the beach although the weather is bad.
o The weather is bad. I want to go to the beach, though.]]> 2021-09-22 22:06:29 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761243623 Children's song lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761245069 2021-09-22 22:07:50 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761245069 Christmas song lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761247476 Deck the hall with bows of holly
fa la la la la, la la la la 
tis the season to be jolly
fa la la la la, la la la la 
don we now our gay apparel 
fa la la, la la la, la la la 
troll the ancient yule tide carol 
fa la la la la, la la la la 


See the blazing yule before us
Fa la la la la, la la la la 
Strike the harp and join the chorus
Fa la la la la, la la la la 
Follow me in merry measure
fa la la, la la la, la la la 
while I tell of yule tide treasure
fa la la la la, la la la la  


Fast away the old year passes 
fa la la la la, la la la la  
 hail the newly lads and lasses
fa la la la la, la la la la
sing with joyous all together
fa la la, la la la, la la la 
Heedless of the wind and weather
fa la la la la, la la la la]]> 2021-09-22 22:10:00 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761247476 Daniela Almazo's reading. Number 1 lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761446636 The social networks

Questions and answers:
1. What is a social network?
A: Since the popularization of Internet, when we talk about social network we usually refer to virtual platforms that allow users to interact with each other.

2. Most users use social networks to?
A: Users use social networks to keep in touch with friends and family. These platforms as a way to organize protest and social and political movements.

3. What do users needs to have in order to use social networks?
A: To interact with each other the need to create a profile and use it to share text, images and videos.

4. When was Facebook founded and by whom is it run?
A: Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg.

5. Which applications does Facebook own?
A: Instagram and WhatsApp.

Summary:
Social networks have taken over the world. Thanks to them we can communicate with our friends or family in just one click.

Reflection:
Although it is true that the networks open up many possibilities for instant intercommunication, we must bear in mind that there are many dangerous things such as theft, fraud, identity theft, etc. My reflection is that we must be careful of what we do within the networks.


 




]]> 2021-09-23 00:34:40 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761446636 My favorite social network lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761588650 Hello, good morning my name is Azhara López, the networks I use the most are instagram, whatsapp, tiktok and facebook but my favorite social network is Facebook because there is a lot of information on different topics, there are also many groups of fans with your tastes. My tips for using Facebook are that we must make sure that the information there is reliable, safe, be respectful and not publish personal information that puts you in danger.


]]> 2021-09-23 01:39:29 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761588650 Dialogue with my partner with the second conditional lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761597321 A: Hello, how are you?

K: Very well and how are you?

A: I'm fine, thank you. Did you go to Andrea's party yesterday?

K: No, yesterday I couldn't go because I didn't have money. If I had enough money, I would bring her a present.

A: That's a good idea. Although she traveled and I don't have her number. If I had her number, I would tell her that you are waiting for her with a gift.

K: Well, then I'll wait for her to come back and give her a small gift.
]]> 2021-09-23 01:42:57 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761597321 Friendship Letter (Acrostic) lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761618274 2021-09-23 01:51:53 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1761618274 lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1771477631 2021-09-27 15:05:28 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1771477631 Maridey Polo's reading. Number 2. lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1849598246 Valentine's Day

Questions and answers:
1. When is the day of love and friendship celebrated in Colombia?
A: In Colombia this day is celebrated in September.

2. Which people express their love for each other on Valentine's Day?
A: Lovers, sweehearts, friends and married couples.

3. What is Valentine's Day celebrated with?
A: With postcards, gifts such as roses and chocolates.

4. What are some messages that are transmited by roses?
A: For example, the red rose symbolizes love, the white rose represents peace and the yellow rose represents friendship.

5. In which century did the exchange of postcards and gifts begin?
A: In the 19th century.

Summary:
Valentine's Day is celebrated in September in Colombia. A celebration where engaged couples, couples and friends participate. During this time it is common to give roses, gifts or letters, and it started since the 19th century.

Reflection:
Valentine's Day has become important in our lives because through it we can show how much love or affection we feel for the people closest to us. However, we don't need this day to show our appreciation to someone every day of the year. 


]]> 2021-10-27 22:50:39 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1849598246 My part in the group exhibition with the theme "Passive Voice". lopezazhara https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1890855644 Girl 3 (Azhara) Well, now we are going to do an exercise of A and B. Here I have some verbs in active form and below are the possible forms in passive voice.

  1. He buys these cars

A. The cars are bought by he
B. These cars are bought by him---

Who wants to participate? Raise your hand. What do you think is the answer?

The answer is b. When we look at this structure, it starts with "these" which is a demonstrative adjective, then the subject which is "los carros", the past tense verb "bought" and the "by" which refers to the one who performs the action. Here we do not say "he" but "him", which is the subject that performs a direct or indirect action.



2. I am reading a book 
A. The book is being read by me----
B. The book is being readed by me. 

Here the answer is A, the two are similar but it is incorrect to use "readed" because this sentence is in the present tense, not the past tense. So it is "being read" the passive form of "reading".



3. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
A. The telephone were invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. 
B. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876----

The answer is B. At first we may get confused because they both follow the structure of the passive voice, i.e. the object, the verb and the subject performing the action. But the detail is in the use of was or were, was is used with the third person (he, she, it) and were with (you, we, they). That is why it cannot be were but was because we are talking about a person in the third person.




4. The technicians have repaired the computers. 
A. The computers has been repaired by the technicians.
B. The computers have been repaired by the technicians.-----

Finally, the answer here is B. The structure is the same, but the detail is in the use of have and has. The has is used with the pronouns he, she, it and the have with I, you, we, they. And since we are talking about technicians, the have is used.
]]> 2021-11-15 09:50:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lopezazhara/prmh8lttl4mvkppu/wish/1890855644