Vaccine Museum Rough Draft: Polio by Caitlyn Kim https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s en-us 2021-03-13 01:23:26 UTC 2025-12-24 21:48:05 UTC hello@padlet.com How was the disease discovered and what is/was the case definition? kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304688553 Polio was discovered by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper in 1908 through an electron microscope. Case definition: acute onset of a flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs, without other apparent cause, and without sensory or cognitive loss; AND in which the patient has: 

  • A neurologic deficit 60 days after onset of initial symptoms; OR
  • Died; OR
  • Unknown follow-up status 

]]> 2021-03-13 01:28:01 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304688553 Was/is the disease outbreak endemic, epidemic, or pandemic and why? kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304688834
  • The disease outbreak was an epidemic in the 1900s most likely from the higher standards of living.
  •  In the past, when infants had been exposed to polio, they were aided by maternal antibodies and the poliovirus was defeated.
  • However,  as exposure of polio was delayed until later in life, lasting immunity could not be developed. 
  • Thus, young children often contracted polio after maternal immunity has dissipated.

]]> 2021-03-13 01:28:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304688834 What impact did this disease have, historically, on the course of world events? kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304693460
  • Descriptions of diseases like Polio go all the way back to Ancient Egypt; caused epidemics throughout history
  • Late 1940s: polio outbreaks increased in frequency, virus seemed to peak in the summer, travel/commerce between affected cities were restricted and quarantines were imposed as well
  • Slight pandemic in the 1950s, many polio survivors were disabled for life, suffering from temporary/permanent paralysis, fatal deaths occurred, overall people worldwide were affected including government officials such as President FDR

    • ]]>     2021-03-13 01:32:57 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304693460     Present one real-life account of the vaccine for the disease: When, where, who, what, how, why. kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304694133
  • Janice Flood Nichols
  • Syracuse, New York
  • Got vaccine in spring 1954
  • Diagnosed with polio as a child in fall of 1953
  • twin brother died from polio and she was in the middle of intensive physical therapy before participating in the Salk vaccine trial, was 6 years old at the time of diagnosis and had come from a clean home but was infected nonetheless 
    • ]]>     2021-03-13 01:33:41 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304694133     When, where, who developed the vaccine? kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304694996 Dr. Jonas Salk, 1952, University of Pittsburgh (IPV) ]]> 2021-03-13 01:34:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304694996 What type of vaccine is/was it? kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304695202 Inactivated vaccine ]]> 2021-03-13 01:34:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304695202 Cases of Polio Paralysis: Before vs. After Polio Vaccine kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304718473 2021-03-13 01:57:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304718473 How does this vaccine work? kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304721369 There are four doses of the vaccine. Individuals should develop protective antibodies to the three serotypes of the polio virus. The IPV has the specific virus’s dead cells introduced into the body, and the antigens are recognized. Thus, the lymphocytes are able to recognize the live versions of the virus if contact is made in the future. ]]> 2021-03-13 02:00:49 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304721369 Why is/was this vaccine developed? kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304722086
    The vaccine was developed due to polio’s infectious nature and in the year of 1952, the worst epidemic of polio was recorded (60,000 infected, 3,145 deaths). 

    ]]>     2021-03-13 02:01:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304722086     What impact did the vaccine have on this disease and public health? kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304722586 There is a campaign to eradicate polio and the western hemisphere had been declared free of polio in 1994. However, there are still three polio-endemic countries -- Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan. ]]> 2021-03-13 02:01:58 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304722586 Salk's Vaccinations kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304723079 2021-03-13 02:02:14 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304723079 Polio in America kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304723805 2021-03-13 02:02:53 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304723805 Percentage of 1-Year-Olds Vaccinated Against Polio kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304730414 2021-03-13 02:10:04 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304730414 Resources kim22c1 https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304739520 1) “NMAH: Polio: A Living Chemical.” NMAH | Polio: A Living Chemical, 1 Feb. 2005, amhistory.si.edu/polio/virusvaccine/livingchem.htm.
    2) “History of Polio.” Timeline | History of Vaccines, www.historyofvaccines.org/timeline/polio.
    3) “Poliomyelitis, Paralytic2010 Case Definition.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/poliomyelitis-paralytic/case-definition/2010/.
    4) Nichols, Janice Floor. “Unprotected People #105 Polio.” Immunize, Immunization Action Coalition, 9 May 2013, www.immunize.org/reports/report105.pdf.
    5) “Share of One-Year-Olds Vaccinated against Polio (Pol3).” Our World in Data, ourworldindata.org/grapher/polio-vaccine-coverage-of-one-year-olds.
    6) Heinsbroek, Ellen, and E. Joost Ruitenberg. “The Global Introduction of Inactivated Polio Vaccine Can Circumvent the Oral Polio Vaccine Paradox.” Vaccine, Elsevier, 1 Apr. 2010, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10002914.
    7) Patel, Manish, et al. “Polio Endgame: the Global Introduction of Inactivated Polio Vaccine.” Taylor & Francis, 19 Jan. 2015, www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14760584.2015.1001750.
    8) Meldrum, Marcia. “‘A Calculated Risk’: the Salk Polio Vaccine Field Trials of 1954.” The BMJ, British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 31 Oct. 1998, www.bmj.com/content/317/7167/1233.short. 

    ]]>     2021-03-13 02:19:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kim22c1/pqxhsw2ufl7xm99s/wish/1304739520