https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w Autoimmune Disease en-us 2021-04-05 18:18:01 UTC 2024-11-16 23:50:18 UTC hello@padlet.com ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385638920 This article provides a summary of what narcolepsy is and the different types. There is type 1 which is caused by the loss of orexin neurons and type 2 for which the cause is still unknown. Common symptoms for narcolepsy include sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and insomnia for both types. A common symptom for type 1 is cataplexy or the paralysis of voluntary muscles. This article also list common treatments. 

Scammell, T. E. Narcolepsy. https://www-nejm-org.proxy.library.nd.edu/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMra1500587?articleTools=true (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 04:42:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385638920 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385656796 Cataplexy is triggered by strong emotions and can lead to muscle weakness while the person is still consciousness. The person is essentially paralyzed for a couple of minutes but is still aware of what is going on. The episodes typically begin with weakness of the muscles in the face and neck and eventually spread to the rest of the body.

Scammell, T. E. Narcolepsy. https://www-nejm-org.proxy.library.nd.edu/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMra1500587?articleTools=true (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 04:52:34 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385656796 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385680345 This infographic gives an outline of the symptoms, social effects, and treatments for people with Narcolepsy.

Flygare, J. Narcolepsy Infographic: What Is Narcolepsy? http://julieflygare.com/narcolepsy-infographic/ (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 05:05:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385680345 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385685975 In this article, the authors explores antidepressants being used as a treatment for narcolepsy. People with narcolepsy fall in to REM sleep during the day unlike people without the disease. Antidepressants can be used to reduce REM sleep by blocking neurotransmitters. The results showed that the antidepressants significantly improved common symptoms of Narcolepsy such as cataplexy episodes and long REM periods.

Jin, L.; Shi, L.; Chen, B.; Wang, X.; Liu, Y. Antidepressants for the treatment of narcolepsy: A prospective study of 148 patients in northern China. https://www-sciencedirect-com.proxy.library.nd.edu/science/article/pii/S0967586818313766 (accessed Apr 6, 2021).  ]]> 2021-04-06 05:07:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385685975 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385709911 This infographic talks about the difference between type 1 and type 2 narcolepsy. It also mentions the possible causes of narcolepsy. 

Narcolepsy medical vector illustration infographic. https://vectormine.com/item/narcolepsy-medical-vector-illustration-infographic (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 05:19:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385709911 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385734114 Jimmy Kimmel, who is a very popular late-night talk show host, has narcolepsy. He once said on his talk show, "Truth be told, I'd rather have narcolepsy than not have it. When I get on a flight to Vegas, I'll fall asleep before the plane takes off and wake up after it's landed. I'm always very close to sleep."

14 Famous People with Narcolepsy. https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-with-narcolepsy/celebrity-lists (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 05:30:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385734114 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385744484 Narcolepsy cannot be cured but there are treatments that help reduce symptoms. People with narcolepsy can take medications such as modafinil and methylphenidate that promote wakefulness. This medication makes people feel more awake by reducing the reuptake of dopamine. Cataplexy can be reduced with low doses of antidepressants. Antidepressants are used to reduce REM sleep by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin. Orexin receptor agonist are also being used to reduce cataplexy episodes and promote wakefulness. People with hypnagogic hallucinations and sleep paralysis often have to go to a therapist or doctor to learn how to cope with these symptoms. There is no medication that can decrease the affects of these symptoms. Sometimes antidepressants may decrease the intensity of hallucinations but this is unlikely for most people. 

Jin, L.; Shi, L.; Chen, B.; Wang, X.; Liu, Y. Antidepressants for the treatment of narcolepsy: A prospective study of 148 patients in northern China. https://www-sciencedirect-com.proxy.library.nd.edu/science/article/pii/S0967586818313766 (accessed Apr 6, 2021).  

Visual of what sleep paralysis feels like. Sleep paralysis cannot be treated with medication.]]> 2021-04-06 05:36:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385744484 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385763632 This article provides an explanation of the biochemistry behind narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is believed to be caused by low levels of Orexin. Orexins are neuropeptides that are produced by neurons exclusively located on the lateral hypothalamus. Orexin producing neurons send messages through the central nervous system to several nuclei involved in sleep/wakefulness regulation. The orexin increase wake-promoting neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin that inhibit REM sleep. This article also explores the possibility of using orexin receptor agonist to improve cataplexy symptoms. The orexin receptor YNT-185 was found to reduce cataplexy like episodes and promote wakefulness without affecting body temperature. 

Irukayama-Tomobe, Y.; Ogawa, Y.; Tominaga, H.; Ishikawa, Y.; Hosokawa, N.; Ambai, S.; Kawabe, Y.; Uchida, S.; Nakajima, R.; Saitoh, T.; Kanda, T.; Vogt, K.; Sakurai, T.; Nagase, H.; Yanagisawa, M. Nonpeptide orexin type-2 receptor agonist ameliorates narcolepsy-cataplexy symptoms in mouse models. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28507129/ (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 05:46:12 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385763632 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385920604 This article is from The Guardian and it gives a real account of someone who has lived with Narcolepsy. The author interviews Henry Nicholls who wrote the book Sleep Head. The book is about his life and living with narcolepsy. He acknowledges that sometimes people falling asleep in random places can be funny to people who don't have this disease. This idea that narcolepsy is funny can be seen in the mainstream media when videos of people falling asleep in weird places go viral. However, Nicholls wants to convey to everyone that narcolepsy is a devastating and traumatic disease. These jokes and situations are often not funny for people who actually have the disease. He wants people to know that they shouldn't be making jokes about this disease because it seriously affects the people who are actually living with it. 

Hill, A. 'Narcolepsy isn't funny' – living with a sleep disorder. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/25/narcolepsy-isnt-funny-living-with-a-sleep-disorder (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 06:40:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1385920604 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1386043973 More than tired is a website that provides information and resources relating to narcolepsy. If someone thinks they have narcolepsy they can go to this website and take a quiz. If you think you have narcolepsy there is a tab that explains how someone can get officially diagnosed. It provides people with narcolepsy resources on how to cope and live with the disease. It also provides general information about the disease like symptoms and causes. This website is sponsored by Jazz Pharmaceuticals. Jazz Pharmaceuticals is a biopharmaceutical company based in Ireland. Their goal is to develop life changing medicines for people with serious disease. Their focus is in neuroscience and this includes sleep disorders. 

Narcolepsy Resources. https://www.morethantired.com/narcolepsy-resources/ (accessed Apr 6, 2021). 
Medicines. https://www.jazzpharma.com/medicines/ (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 07:28:12 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1386043973 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1386832580 In this video you can see what it is like to have a cataplexy episode. The woman in the video also talks about how the disease has affected her. 

Nicholls, H. The science of sleep: Finding a cure for narcolepsy. https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/24/health/sleep-research-narcolepsy-partner (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 12:36:02 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1386832580 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1386870594 This video gives an overview of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and pathology for Narcolepsy. 

Osmosis. Narcolepsy - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6C6o4SLbTA (accessed Apr 6, 2021). ]]> 2021-04-06 12:44:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1386870594 ioshea01 https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1386923841 Narcolepsy is defined as the tendency to fall asleep when in relaxing surroundings. ]]> 2021-04-06 12:57:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ioshea01/pqcouz13sfgzkp9w/wish/1386923841