<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rss version="2.0">
   <channel>
      <title>Rights of African Americans 1865-1900 by April Northrup</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke</link>
      <description>How did African Americans gain the rights of citizenship during Reconstruction? How were the equal rights of African Americans denied, and how did African Americans respond?</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-07-02 23:50:26 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
      <image>
         <url>https://padlet.net/icons/8.0/png/1f6e4.png</url>
      </image>
      <item>
         <title>April 9, 1865: Lee&#39;s Surrender at Appomattox Court House</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295594</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The Civil War officially ended when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. This marked the beginning of the Reconstruction era and new possibilities for formerly enslaved people. The surrender set the stage for the ratification of the 13th Amendment and the promise of freedom for all Americans.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://elvis.padletcdn.com/1/fetch/e_in/cdn4.picryl.com/photo/2019/09/14/mcleans-house-appomattox-va-scene-of-lees-surrender-9d4a87-1024.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295594</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>March 2, 1867: First Reconstruction Act</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295595</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Congress divided the South into five military districts, beginning the period of Radical Reconstruction. This act required Southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment and guarantee universal male suffrage before readmission to the Union. The First Military District headquarters in Richmond oversaw Virginia's transformation.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://elvis.padletcdn.com/1/fetch/e_in/cdn2.picryl.com/photo/2015/05/18/provincial-government-house-richmond-va-17645827680-87f94b-1024.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295595</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>July 28, 1868: 14th Amendment Ratification</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295596</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The 14th Amendment was officially adopted in Washington, DC, guaranteeing citizenship rights and equal protection under the law to African Americans. This landmark amendment fundamentally changed the Constitution and became a cornerstone of civil rights, though its promises would soon be undermined.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://elvis.padletcdn.com/1/fetch/e_in/cdn2.picryl.com/photo/2015/09/04/exterior-view-of-the-east-side-of-the-united-states-capitol-building-1868-27269371803-1581ae-1024.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295596</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>February 25, 1870: Hiram Rhodes Revels Makes History</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295597</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Hiram Rhodes Revels became the first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate, representing Mississippi. His election symbolized the new political power gained by African Americans during Reconstruction. Revels filled the Senate seat previously held by Jefferson Davis, the former Confederate president.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Hiram_Rhodes_Revels_First_African_American_Senator_%287222967504%29.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295597</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>March 1, 1875: Civil Rights Act of 1875</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295598</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The last major Reconstruction legislation was signed into law, guaranteeing African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations. Though progressive, this act was later struck down by the Supreme Court in 1883, marking a significant setback for civil rights.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://teachingamericanhistory.org/document/civil-rights-act-of-1875/" />
         <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295598</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>April 24, 1877: End of Reconstruction</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295599</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The last federal troops withdrew from the South following the Compromise of 1877, effectively ending Reconstruction. This withdrawal from South Carolina's capital marked the abandonment of federal protection for African Americans' civil rights, leading to the rise of Jim Crow laws.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://elvis.padletcdn.com/1/fetch/e_in/cdn4.picryl.com/photo/1877/01/01/south-carolina-the-new-southern-policy-of-the-administration-demonstration-640.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295599</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1883: Civil Rights Cases Decision</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295601</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875, ruling that the 14th Amendment did not protect African Americans from discrimination by private individuals and businesses. This decision severely limited federal power to protect civil rights and enabled the expansion of segregation.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://elvis.padletcdn.com/1/fetch/e_in/cdn2.picryl.com/photo/1883/12/31/statelibqld-1-234931-supreme-court-building-in-herbert-street-bowen-ca-1883-6a5fc6-640.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295601</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1896: Plessy v. Ferguson</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295602</link>
         <description><![CDATA[In New Orleans, Homer Plessy's challenge to segregated railroad cars led to the Supreme Court's 'separate but equal' doctrine. This landmark case legalized racial segregation for the next 58 years, cementing Jim Crow laws across the South and effectively nullifying many Reconstruction-era civil rights gains.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/320#&amp;gid=1&amp;pid=1" />
         <pubDate>2025-04-04 16:25:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3396295602</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>June 19, 1865: The First Juneteenth</title>
         <author>aprilgnorthrup</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3508782183</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://nmaahc.si.edu/explore/stories/historical-legacy-juneteenth" />
         <pubDate>2025-07-02 23:36:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/aprilgnorthrup/pmnc47hu794iw1ke/wish/3508782183</guid>
      </item>
   </channel>
</rss>
